A study on the myths and legends of the Yellow Emperor in the Central Plains and their tourism value (one of the excerpts)

1. 1 Define "Central Plains" as a unique folk custom, especially as a form of expression of literary folklore in the Central Plains. Its cultural value is not only "retaining rich heritage", but also as a myth of "mother body" or "source culture" of literature and art. Its enlightenment to human beings is irreplaceable by other folk customs. The Study on the Myths and Legends of the Yellow Emperor in the Central Plains narrows the scope of the study of the Yellow Emperor myth to the Central Plains, and conducts targeted research according to specific points, so as to better explain the Yellow Emperor culture on one plane and make it more specific and clear. Therefore, the definition of "Central Plains" is particularly important, which is related to the starting point of this paper and the pertinence of the research object. "Central Plains" explains from its plane meaning that "middle" is the center, which is equal to the surrounding distance; "Primitive" refers to the vast and flat land. There is a poem in Xiao Ya Ji Ri: "Looking at the Central Plains, there are pores in it", and its "Central Plains" means Yuan Ye in the plain. Erya Dish Day: "Guangping Yuan Yue." When explaining "Zhongyuan" as a domain name, etymology also said that "the narrow sense of Zhongyuan refers to the present Henan area. The Central Plains in a broad sense refers to the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River or the entire Yellow River basin. " It can be seen that "Central Plains", as a geographical name, has a broad sense and a narrow sense. Many scholars believe that the Central Plains in a broad sense refers to the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River in central China, including Henan Province and parts of Shaanxi, Shanxi, Hebei, Shandong and other provinces ... But the narrow definition of "Central Plains" is generally considered by academic circles to be Henan Province today, not other regions; This is because, as the name of Henan, the Central Plains has its historical and geographical reasons; Yugong in Shangshu divided the world into nine regions at that time, which was called "Kyushu", and Yuzhou was called "Zhongzhou" because it was in Kyushu ... Because it conformed to the ancient characteristics and geographical location of Henan and the unforgettable glorious historical development period, it is still used as a synonym for Henan.

2. Historical documents of the Yellow Emperor 2. 1 Textual research on the name of the Yellow Emperor

As the ancestor of the Chinese nation, Huangdi has many titles, and the titles of Huangdi in ancient history are also different. History books are commonly known as "Gongsun and Xuanyuan". Qian Mu said in the book The Yellow Emperor: "His title is also called the emperor, the king of Polygonatum and the emperor of the central government. His surname is called Xuanyuan because he lives in the hill of Xuanyuan. " In addition, there are bears, Xuan Di and Jinyun. In many documents, Sheng has made a detailed introduction to the name of the Yellow Emperor, and can also make a comprehensive summary of the name of the Yellow Emperor. "Han Shu Ren Biao test" volume is recorded:

Huangdi first met Yi Xi and Lu Yu merchants, and Xuanyuan first met Dadai Li Ji Xidi and Wudi De. The third part of Huang San (the preface of this book, Interpretation). Also known as Huangdi's aristocratic family (Zuo Zhao's 17th), Xuan Di (The Book of the Later Han Dynasty, Zhang Hengchuan), Huang Xuan (The Book of the Later Han Dynasty, compiled by Wen Yuan) and the Northern Qi Dynasty, as well as (Tao Qian's Four Classics of Reading Mountains and Seas in Ji Jie, and Liu Xie's Biography of Wen Xin Diao Long), also known as Huang Xuan (Note on the History of the Later Dao in Wu Ji) and Huangdi (Three Graves). The book "Biography of Youtong Fu" and "Prehistoric Daosan" refers to "returning to Tibet", also known as Huangling ("Zhang Hengchuan"). Famous tea, also known as Xuan, is called Xuanlv (History of the Five Dynasties). Another note said, "tea, ancient Shu characters, or spare parts." Shiben and Huainanzi said,' Apollo makes clothes. Xuanyuan was an ancient emperor, and Huangdi was just a famous Xuan. "Roche said that the Yellow Emperor was not named Xuanyuan. It is hard to believe that it was distinguished in" The First Seven Years ". There was a Xuanyuan family in ancient times. Why not call it Huangdi? For example, there is a big court in Shennong, but there is also a big court in ancient times), and there is also a Xiong family in Japan (White Tiger Zhang, Yi Yin Century, Road History Note: "Bears are heroes." The so-called "the Yellow Emperor has bears" and "the way of history" are also true. White tiger. Tong Hao said "Yellow Nature", Yuyao Lu called on schools to take nature as the fault of bears, which is true), and also said "Returning to Tibet" (Notes on Zhou Yi Theory and Official Rites) and "Gongsun" (Five Emperors, Wu Luyu,). History says that the surname is false), also known as the emperor ("Customs Tongyin"), Huang Jingwang ("Notes on the Moon Order") and the Central Emperor ("Notes on Huainan Astronomy").

Among them, Huangdi is the most commonly used name, and the emergence and application of the name are influenced by different factors. This paper discusses the origin of the name of the Yellow Emperor from three aspects.

2. 1. 1 The name of Huangdi is related to the place where Huangdi lived.

Huangfu Mi's "Emperor Century" in the Jin Dynasty says: "The Yellow Emperor has a Xiong family, the son of Shaodian, and his surname is Ji. My mother's day is accompanied by treasures. The first one is Emperor Yan. My mother's family has a daughter of Xi family, who has been married to Shaodian family for the rest of her life. So Guoyu is also called Yan. ..... (The Yellow Emperor) accepted the state-owned bear and lived in the hill of Xuanyuan, so he thought it was a name and a number. The origin of Huangdi's name has a lot to do with his place of residence. Master of Chinese Studies Qian Mu Yun: There are also Huangdi, Xuan Di, Huang Xuan, Huang Xuan and Huang Xuan. Most of these names are related to the place where he lives ... he has them, and Xiong was later from Xinzheng County, Henan Province. There are Xuanyuan hills and yellow water in the northwest of the county. "Notes on Water Classics" said: "Yellow water flows out of the south yellow spring of Mount Tai and flows to the west of the southeast flower city. To the northeast of Zhengzhou, meet with Huanggou and inject into the water. "The name of the Yellow Emperor is related to Huangshui and Huanggou. Zhang Guangyuan, an archaeologist in Taiwan Province, confirmed Mr. Qian Mu's guess that the Yellow Emperor is the capital city with bears. Scholars say it is located in the northwest of Xinzheng County, Henan Province, where there is yellow water. Because the water in Woong San is yellow, the Yellow Emperor was named after living in yellow water.

2. 1.2 The name of the Yellow Emperor is related to the ancient people's worship of valleys and things.

The legendary Yellow Emperor is the first great man in the history of China ... Before him, although many inventions had begun, it seems that he developed rapidly for a while. The original life of ancient humans was only to adapt to nature, and the biggest problem they faced was survival. Early humans were mysterious about the phenomenon that cereals, melons and fruits were absorbed by the human body, which enabled human beings to gain physical strength and promote the growth of human physique. Therefore, they often have a special and strong superstitious worship concept or emotion for mature yellow grains and fruits, and the worship of grains gradually turns into the worship of land. "Xuanyuan Huangdi" said in the commentary that Xuanyuan came from a country with bears. My mother's day, Uncle Hao, was born on the day of Wuji, so he was king with soil. Sometimes there are yellow stars. E, the sky is dry fifth, and the sky is dry sixth. According to the ancient consciousness, the day to protect yourself is the Earth Day in the five elements; Yellow has become the hope of human survival and development, which has certain symbolic significance, and it has become particularly different from other colors. "According to many ancient books, the Yellow Emperor also belongs to one of the' Three Emperors and Five Emperors'. The matriarchal clan commune has developed to the tribal stage in the Neolithic age, and then the patriarchal clan society has also appeared social civilization. One or several kinds of totem worship of clan ancestors turned into ancestor worship, and the legend passed down by word of mouth retained the image of some clan communes or tribal leaders, which is the so-called "three emperors and five emperors." Huang San "is an ancient emperor and king, with a strong myth. Xu said: "Although the ancients called them Xiang Yan in this way, the most important thing is that at the end of the primitive commune era, the religious power was huge. Adding the word' emperor' before the proper name just showed their demigod and demiman nature ... Although they were full of" gods ",their personalities were not empty. Only by looking at these two attributes can we be close to reality. Therefore, honoring the leaders of the Huangdi clan belongs to people's wishes, which endows people with the desire and pursuit of an ideal life.

2. 1.3 The name of Huangdi is related to the theory of Yin-Yang and Five Elements. Some scholars believe that the name of the Yellow Emperor is related to the theory of yin and yang and five elements, including five elements, five virtues, five positions, five colors, five spirits and five emperors. The theory of Yin-Yang and Five Elements is an ancient historical view of China people, which originated very early. By the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, a set of basically complete theories had been formed, which was more deeply rooted in the hearts of the people through the synthesis of Dong Zhongshu, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. According to Fu Wenxuan, "Zou Zi has always had five virtues and is invincible, followed by Tude, Mude, Cide, Huode and Shuide". By matching the five elements of earth, wood, gold, fire and water with the seasons, Zou Yan established the relationship between spring as wood, summer as fire, autumn as gold and winter as water, and applied the theory of mutual generation (wood fire, fire-born earth, native gold, gold-born water and aquatic wood) and the theory of mutual recognition (wood, earth, soil, water, water, fire, gold, water). The confirmation of the Five Emperors has been deeply studied and discussed in archaeology and academia. The confirmation of the five emperors system is the most basic starting point for studying this historical era. According to the book "Research on the Five Emperors' Times" written by Mr. Xu Shunzhan, the ancient people's confirmation of the Five Emperors can be divided into five situations, among which the earliest and most authoritative statement is that Huangdi, Zhuan Xu, Di Ku, Tang Yao and Yu Shun come first. Through the dialogue between Confucius and Ji Kangzi, Confucius also expounded that Confucius corresponded the five emperors with the five elements and five parties on the basis of the five elements theory, and expounded that the five emperors in ancient times were not only worthy of being called emperors, but because virtue could not be increased. Five acts of gold, wood, water, fire and earth. The five virtues are Jinde, Mude, Shuide, Huode and Tude. These five positions are East, South, West, North and Middle. Five colors are blue, red, white, black and yellow. The five spirits are Qinglong, Baihu, Suzaku, Xuanwu and Huanglong. Among the five virtues, Tude is the first, among which Huangdi is Tude, yellow and Huanglong, which occupies a central position. Regarding the original meaning of the yellow emperor's soil morality, Historical Records has textual research, saying: "Yandi fire was replaced by the yellow emperor's soil, that is, seeing the land of the yellow emperor, which is true." He is an earthling, five or six times longer and more than ten feet long. Yin Yin: "It is believed that the Yellow Emperor represents Yan Di to show his position. Yan Di is a fire virtue, the Yellow Emperor has an earthy spirit, and strange Huanglong goblins appear, representing the spirit of morality." "Huainanzi Astronomical Training" says: "The Middle Earth is also the Yellow Emperor, supplemented by the later earth, and it is made of ropes on all sides. Its god is revitalization, its beast is Huanglong, its music palace, and its day is Wuji. According to the relationship between the Yellow Emperor and the theory of Yin-Yang and Five Elements, we can make-

2. 1.4 the meaning of the yellow emperor's name

Sima Qian wrote the first volume of Historical Records, Biography of Five Emperors, saying: "The son of Shaodian, Huangdi, was named Gongsun and Xuanyuan; Born as a god, weak but able to speak, young but unbiased, long and sensitive, successful and smart. It takes the Yellow Emperor as a concrete figure and introduces his life and death, achievements, marriage and descendants one by one.

"Yellow emperor XuanYuanShi in one hundred. Emperor. " Chronology of bamboo books

"The Yellow Emperor collapsed in one hundred, one hundred and eighteen. Or pass it on as a fairy, or say that you are 300 years old. " Imperial records

The Yellow Emperor has seven episodes in ten years, or three hundred clouds. When Zai asked Confucius, Confucius said, "People have to learn to benefit for a hundred years, use it for a hundred years, and respect God for a hundred years, which is equivalent to three hundred years. ".Lushi Ji Shu Huang Shang Di.

The above-mentioned documents also regard the Yellow Emperor as a concrete figure, with a life span of only 100 years, but its influence on later generations is as long as a hundred years. Mr. Chen Jianxian's "Gods and Heroes _-The Motif of Ancient Myths in China" said: "In primitive society, the naming system is still in its infancy, and the same name often refers to both the patron saint (or totem) of a clan and the title of clan name and clan leader. The same is true of the name' Yellow Emperor', which was the name of a clan in the Chinese nation at that time, and also the name of its patron saint and leader.

The name of the Yellow Emperor represents not only individuals, but also tribal leaders or clan groups.

"The Yellow Emperor spread to the tenth year-1520. It is still the eighteenth generation of the cloud. " Preface to life calendar

"The Yellow Emperor is 1520 years old." Weft Book Integration. Simple weft measurement chart

"The Yellow Emperor used to be Xuanyuan Emperor, who was 2,520 years old in ten generations." Preface to the Book Integration of Spring and Autumn Life Calendar

"The Yellow Emperor lived a total of 120 years and reigned for 150 years ... so did their descendants, which lasted for 1,520 years." Biography of Xuanyuan Huangdi

It can be seen that if the life span of the Yellow Emperor as a specific figure cannot reach more than a hundred years or even thousands of years, then the Yellow Emperor recorded in the literature here should be synonymous with several generations of Yellow Emperor, and the "world" Yellow Emperor recorded in these records are also clan leaders with outstanding contributions and achievements. The author of The Integration of Shu Wei regards the Yellow Emperor as a dynasty, which has gone through 1520 years, and ranks with Xia, Shang, Zhou and Qin, which is the title of an era. The Biography of the Yellow Emperor reached 10+0520 years, indicating that the Yellow Emperor clan had 1520 as its leader at that time, indicating that 10 Huangdi was a worthy successor among the hereditary leaders of this clan. As the leading group at that time 1500, it should be reasonable for us to call it the yellow emperor era. Therefore, the Yellow Emperor is also synonymous with the era of the Yellow Emperor. Therefore, to borrow Mr. Li Yaozong's point of view, the Yellow Emperor is a collective concept, a reference or proxy for a group of outstanding ancestors, or a particularly outstanding representative of someone as a symbol of the ancestor group, and a lofty symbol passed down to future generations by his tribe or tribal alliance.