Historical stories and idioms about Han Xin

After the demise of the Qin Dynasty, Xiang Yu and Liu Bang launched another war, which is the battle between Chu and Han in history.

Liu Bang has a general named Han Xin. Han Xin was originally from Huaiyin. After Xiang Liang arose, he crossed Huaiyin and Han Xin went to him to serve as a soldier in Chuying. After Xiang Liang's death, Han Xin followed Xiang Yu again. Xiang Yu saw that he was better than the average soldier, so he was made a small official.

Han Xin offered a plan to Xiang Yu several times, but Xiang Yu was useless. Han Xin was very disappointed. When Hanwang Liu Bang went to Nanzheng, Han Xin defected to Hanwang and was worshipped as a general by Liu Bang.

In order to defeat Xiang Yu and seize the world, he analyzed the conditions of Chu (Xiang Yu) and Han in detail to Hanwang, and thought that Hanwang would definitely defeat Xiang Yu by sending troops to the East.

The more Hanwang listens, the happier he is. He only regrets that he didn't find this talent earlier. Since then, Han Xin has been commanding soldiers and training military forces, and the conditions for Xiang Yu's eastward expedition have gradually matured.

In 205 BC, Han Xin attacked Wang Bao of Wei and destroyed Wei. In June+10, 5438, Liu Bang sent him and led tens of thousands of troops to March eastward to Zhao. Han Xin's troops will pass through a narrow mountain pass called Jingxingkou. Zhao Xie, the king of Zhao, and Chen Yu, the commander-in-chief of the Zhao army, immediately assembled 200,000 troops at Jingxingkou, and defended them closely.

Li Zuoche, counselor of Zhao Wang, said to general Chen Yu, "Han Xin has won many battles all the way, and now it is unstoppable to attack Zhao.

However, they have to travel thousands of miles to transport food. Now we have a narrow Jingxing mountain road, so horses and chariots can't go hand in hand, and the grain and grass team of the Han army is bound to fall behind. In this way, you can temporarily give me 30,000 men, attack from the path, stop their weapons and food, cut off their supplies, and let the Han army die and starve to death.

You stick to the fort here and don't fight them. They can't fight before, and they can't retreat after. Han Xin will be taken alive in a few days. "But the general didn't listen, relying on the strength advantage, insisted on fighting the Han army head-on.

Han Xin was very happy when he learned that. He ordered the troops to camp 30 miles away from Jingxing, and in the middle of the night, let the soldiers have some snacks and let them eat after winning the battle.

Later, he sent 2,000 Qingqi to sneak forward from the path and let them rush into Zhao's camp quickly after Zhao left the camp and hang the Han flag. Then Han Xin sent 65,438+0,000 people to line up behind the river bank. Carrying water has always been a Jedi. Once you carry water, you will die. After learning the news, Chen Yu laughed at Han Xin's ignorance of the art of war, his lack of retreat and his self-destruction.

At dawn, Han Xin led the army to attack, and the two sides fought fiercely. Soon, Han Xin and Zhang Er pretended to retreat, near the river bank. Tell Zhao to chase hard.

At this time, Han Xin ordered the main attack, and the soldiers who had no retreat turned around and pounced on the enemy. At this moment, Han Xin ambushed 2,000 hussars. Seeing the attack of Zhao, he immediately flew into Zhao's camp, unplugged all the flags of Zhao and replaced them with the red flags of the Han army.

Zhao can't win and is going back to camp. Suddenly, the flag of the Han army was planted in the camp, and he fled everywhere. At this time, the Han army was attacked on both sides, and the Zhao army was defeated.

The soldiers killed Chen Yu and captured Wang Zhao. When celebrating the victory, the generals asked Han Xin, "According to the art of war, the battle can be backed by mountains and the battle can be near the water. Now, you want us to line up in last stand, saying that we can beat Zhao and have a good meal. We didn't believe it at the time, but we really won. What kind of strategy is this? "

Han Xin smiled and said, "This is something in the art of war, but you didn't notice it. Didn't Sun Tzu's Art of War say,' You will be born when you are trapped, and then you will live'? If there is a retreat, the soldiers have fled, how can they be desperate! "

This is the origin of the idiom "Last Battle". This idiom is mostly used in military operations, and can also be used to describe actions with the nature of "decisive battle", which means to fight to the death with the enemy and there is no way out.

2. Pull the flag and change the flag.

After Han Xin was worshipped as a general by Liu Bang, he led the Han army to capture Wei and Daiguo, and then, with the help of Liu Bang, he took tens of thousands of soldiers eastward to attack Zhao. Zhao Wang and general Chen Yu gathered 200,000 troops at Jingxingkou to stop them.

Counselor Li Zuoche suggested that Chen Yu give him 30,000 troops, set out from the path, and unexpectedly intercept the logistics equipment and food of the Han army; And its former army did not fight when it arrived in Jingxing. In this case, the heads of Han Xin and Zhang Er can be deleted in less than ten days.

Chen Yu is a scholar and doesn't like to use tricks. He thinks that there are only a few thousand soldiers in Han Xin. After marching thousands of miles, he was very tired and could attack directly, so he didn't adopt Li Zuoche's strategy.

Han Xin's men were very happy when they heard the news. They went down to Jingxing and marched three miles from the mouth of Jingxing. Han Xin ordered a rest.

In the middle of the night, he selected 2000 hussars and asked them to take a red flag and come to Jingxingkou Mountain from a path to hide. At the same time, he said to them: "I will send another army to confront Zhao Jun and pretend to be defeated. In this way, Zhao must have been trapped by them and wanted to pursue. Take this opportunity to quickly enter Zhao Ying, pull down the flag of Zhao Jun and insert the red flag of our Han Army. "

Then, Han Xin sent ten thousand troops and told them to stand behind. Zhao Jun laughed when he saw that the Han army had discharged the most taboo law in the art of war, thinking that the Han army had broken its posterior approach.

At dawn, Han Xin led ten thousand troops to Jingxingkou, and Zhao immediately opened the gate to meet them. After a period of war, Han Xin and Zhang Er ordered the Han soldiers to throw away their flags and retreat to the water's edge. Han Bing retreated to the water's edge. He couldn't retreat any more, so he had to fight to the death.

At this time, two thousand Han soldiers hidden behind the mountain rushed into Zhao Daying while Zhao Daying was unprepared, quickly pulled out the flag of Zhao and inserted the red flag of Han army.

Zhao, who fought by the water, failed to win because of the stubborn resistance of the last Han soldiers. He wanted to go back to the camp, but he saw all the red flags of the Han army. He thought that the prince of Zhao was caught by the Han soldiers, and his morale was in chaos and he fled for his life. Then, the Han army attacked Zhao from two sides, and as a result, Chen Yu was killed and Wang Zhao was captured alive.

3, the more the better

After Liu Bang proclaimed himself emperor, Han Xin was made king of Chu by Liu Bang. Soon, Liu Bang received a tip-off, saying that Han Xin had taken Zhong Limei, Xiang Yu's old staff, and was ready to rebel. So, he adopted the plan of the counselor, pretended to go to Yunmengze for a cruise, and invited his ministers to meet in Chen.

When Han Xin found out, he killed Zhong Limei and went to see Liu Bang. Liu Bang ordered the arrest of Han Xin. Return to Luoyang. After returning to Luoyang, Liu Bang knew that Han Xin had not rebelled and remembered his past exploits, so he was demoted to Huaiyin Hou.

Han Xin heart very dissatisfied; But there's nothing I can do. Knowing Han Xin's thoughts, Liu Bang one day put Han in the palace to chat and asked him to comment on the talents of the generals in the DPRK. Han Xin told them all.

Of course, those people are not in Han Xin's eyes. Hearing this, Liu Bang smiled and asked him, "In your opinion, how many people can I take?" "Your Majesty can take a hundred thousand." Han Xin replied. Liu Bang asked again, "What about you?" "For me, of course, the more the better!"

Liu Bang said with a smile: "The more troops, the better. How did you get caught by me? " Knowing that he had said something wrong, Han Xin quickly concealed: "Although your majesty has few troops, he has the ability to control generals!" Liu Bang was very unhappy to see that Han Xin was still so arrogant after being demoted to Huaiyin.

Later, Liu Bang went out again, and Liu Bang's wife Lv Hou finally designed to kill Han Xin.

4, the humiliation of the crotch

In Huaiyin, a group of hooligans humiliated Han Xin in public. A butcher said to Han Xin, "Although you are tall and big, and like to carry a sword, you are actually very timid! Dare you stab me with your sword, if you dare? If you don't dare, just drill under my crotch. "

Han Xin knew he was alone. So, in front of many onlookers, he got the butcher's crotch. Everyone present laughed at Han Xin and thought he was timid. History books call it "the humiliation of the crotch."

5. Han Xinmu floats across the Yellow River.

Wei Wangbao was established when Xiang Yu was crowned king after the death of Qin, with Pingyang as its capital (now the Golden Temple in the southwest of Linfen City, Shanxi Province) and jurisdiction over Hedong County. Liu Bang crossed the Yellow River in Linjin (now southeast of Chaoyi Town, Dali County, Shaanxi Province) and expanded eastward. Wei Wangbao complied with the general trend, surrendered to Hanwang without fighting, and led troops to crusade against Xiang Yu with Hanwang.

Later, Hanwang's crusade was frustrated. Wei wanted to go back to visit his relatives on the pretext that they were ill and left Hanwang. After returning to Wei, he immediately closed the ferry on the east bank of the Yellow River, cut off contacts with Han, and returned to the arms of the overlord of Chu.

It is very important for Liu Bang to see the area controlled by Wei Wangbao. Advancing from Wei to the west can threaten Guanzhong, and cutting off the grain route of the Han army to the south can form a double attack with the Chu army.

In order to remove this threat, Liu Bangxian sent Li to persuade Wei to submit to Hanwang, and promised to seal the city, but Wei flatly refused. Seeing that persuasion failed, Liu Bang prepared to send troops to Wei, so he asked about the situation of Wei generals.

Liu Bang asked, "Who is General Wei?" Li Shiqi replied, "It's white." Liu Bang said: "It's wet behind the ears. How can you resist Han Xin! " Ask again: "Who is the cavalry general?" Answer: "Feng Jing." Liu Bang said, "He is the son of General Feng of Qin. Although he is very virtuous, he can't resist baby feeding. "

Ask again: "Who is the infantry general?" Answer: "it." Liu Bang said, "We can't resist Cao Can. I have nothing to worry about! " So, Han Xin was appointed Prime Minister Zuo, and together with Guan Ying, he attacked Wei.

Before sending troops, Han Xin also asked Li to know the generals of Wei. He heard that Wei didn't need to be a general with combat experience, but used an inexperienced one with a plan in mind. He analyzed that Wei must rely on the natural barrier of the Yellow River, guard the main ferry of the Yellow River, adopt the strategy of sticking to it and fight for a long time.

So, assess the situation, tit for tat to develop a strategy of quick victory, decided to use surprise attack tactics to break Wei Jun's defense. In August of the second year of Emperor Gaozu (205 BC), Han Xin led an army from Guanzhong to reach the Yellow River.

Hearing this, Wei mobilized heavily to Puban (now Yongji Zhou Pu Town, Shanxi Province) and blocked the Yellow River ferry near Jinguan. Han Xin came to Linjinguan and sent someone to scout. The other side is full of Wei soldiers, but there are not many Wei soldiers in xia yang (south of Hancheng, Shaanxi) upstream.

So I decided to cross the river in xia yang. You need wooden boats to cross the river, but they only have more than 100, which is not enough. Han Xin sent people to chop wood and buy bottles with small mouths and big bellies (called poppies in ancient times).

Guan Ying and Cao Can asked Han Xin to explain his intention to buy poppies. Han Xin said, "Seal dozens of bottles with small mouths and big bellies, arrange them in a rectangle, with their mouths down and their bottoms up, tie them together with ropes, and then clamp them with wood. It is called' raft' and can carry more people than ordinary rafts. "

Guan Ying and Cao Can were so impressed that they were busy logging and buying bottles. In a few days, everything is ready.

On this day, Han Xin ordered Guan Ying to lead 10000 soldiers and horses, and 100 boats lined up on the other side of the Yellow River in Linjinguan, pretending to cross the river. Wei, led by a heavy army, is eyeing up and ready to fight. Unexpectedly, Cao Can, a Korean believer, secretly led an army to transport the wood merchant to xia yang overnight.

Wei waited for a few days. I didn't see him on the other side of Linjinguan, thinking that the Han army was afraid to cross the river for a while. At this moment, the defenders of Anyi reported that Han Xin had captured Anyi and was coming to Pingyang.

Wang Wei was shocked: There has never been a boat in the upper reaches of xia yang. Did the Han army fly across the river? Hastily led the troops to stop it, but after the successful crossing of the river between Anyi and Mushang, the morale of the Han army was even stronger, and all the way was overwhelming. Where can Wei Jun resist?

Wei wanted to retreat to Jin Pass, and Guan Yu crossed the river to seize the pass, and also ran to Pingyang. Wei, caught between Scylla and Charybdis, had to dismount and surrender. Han Xin soon pacified Wei.

When Wei heard the news, he was frightened and rushed to save Li. However, the morale of the army was in chaos and it was difficult to meet the impact of the Han army. After the whole army suffered heavy losses, it was forced to retreat eastward. Han Xin led the Han army to pursue 56 points.

In September, the Han army captured Wei in Dongyuan (southeast of Yuanqu County, Shanxi Province), and Han Xin entered Pingyang, the capital of Wei without bloodshed. Subsequently, Han Xin suited himself to pacify 52 counties in Hedong, and set Hedong County to the east of the Yellow River.

After Han Xin Mu Puzi led the army across the river to defeat Wang Wei Bao, he eliminated the threat of Wei to Guanzhong and the area south of the Yellow River, and won the first victory of the Han army in opening up the northern battlefield, which played a very important role in relieving the pressure of Liu Bang's main force fighting in the Central Plains battlefield. At the same time, it also created a famous war example in China's ancient war history, that is, a diversion from the East to the West and a surprise attack.

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