Who can find some history between Shanghai 1848- 1937?

Large-scale cross-border road construction. 190 1 year (twenty-seventh year of Guangxu in Qing dynasty), public concessions and French concessions built large-scale cross-border roads.

Fudan University was founded. 1905, Ma founded Fudan Public School (now Fudan University) in the former site of Xingyuan in Wusong Town.

Waterway regulation of Huangpu River. 1906, the Huangpu River Bureau hired Nag of the Netherlands as the chief engineer to regulate the Huangpu River channel, and designed and built a left guide embankment and a right shun embankment at Wusongkou. Harnessing the sand in Gao Qiao. The water depth of Huangpu River increased from-2.4m to-5.8m. ..

Tongji University was founded. On June 3rd, 1907, German Medical College (now Tongji University) was established.

Shanghai telephone office opens. 1September, 907 and 10/October, the Shanghai telephone office was built and put into use at Xinmouli Street outside the east gate of Heather with a capital of 30,000 silver dollars.

Guangci Hospital opened. 190710 June 13, the Catholic diocese of Jiangnan opened Guangci Hospital (now Ruijin Hospital) in route pere robert (now Ruijin Second Road).

The first tram line was opened to traffic. 1908 65438+1October 2 1, the tram of the British bus Shanghai Trams Company left the Jing 'an Temple Depot and tried it out on Aiwen No.1 Road (now Beijing West Road). On March 5th, the first tram line in Shanghai was completed and opened to traffic.

Shanghai-Nanjing railway opened to traffic. The time is 1908 April 1.

The first cinema in China was built. 190865438+On February 22nd, the first official cinema in China-Hongkou Film Park (now the former site of Hongkou District Culture and Entertainment Hall) was built by Spanish businessman Ann Remus at the intersection of Haining Road and Zhapu.

Shanghai-Hangzhou railway is open to traffic. 1909 August 13, the Shanghai-Hangzhou section of the Shanghai-Hangzhou-Ningbo Railway (now the Shanghai-Hangzhou Railway) was completed and opened to traffic.

Huashan Hospital was established. 19 10, China Red Cross General Hospital (now Huashan Hospital) was completed. 19110 officially opened on June/0/4.

Zhonghua Book Company was founded. 19 1 1 At the beginning of the year (the third year of Qing Dynasty), Lu Feikui and others raised funds to establish Zhonghua Book Company.

Shanghai recovered. 19 1 1 year1On the morning of October 3, the Zhabei People's Army revolted. The patrol team of the General Patrol Bureau rebelled in advance and occupied the General Patrol Bureau. At 5 o'clock in the afternoon, the death squads and the business group gathered in the Shanghai military camp. At 0500 hours, Chen's attack on Jiangnan General Manufacturing Bureau was blocked, and Chen surrendered and was detained. At 3 o'clock the next morning, the People's Army attacked the General Administration of Manufacturing again, and the defenders were defeated and Chen escaped. At about 9 o'clock, the People's Army occupied the General Administration of Manufacturing, and Shanghai announced its recovery.

Abolish Shanghai Road and Songjiang Prefecture. 19 12 1, the Nanjing provisional regime decided to withdraw the road, cut the government, the state and the hall, and stay in the county. Shanghai abolished Shanghai Road and cut Songjiang Prefecture, which was transferred to Jiangsu Province. 19 13 Republic of China 1 In June, the government of the Republic of China announced that Cundao County would implement a three-level administrative division system of provinces, provinces and counties. Daoguan was renamed as an observer. On 19 14, Shanghai resumed the "Dao" system and established the "Shanghai-Sea Road", which was abolished on 1927 and established the Shanghai Special City.

The walls of Shanghai county began to be torn down. 19 12, the wall of Shanghai county began to be demolished. Completed in the winter of 19 14.

China's first feature film was filmed. 19 13 years, Zhang Shichuan and others contracted the director work of the American company "Asian Film Company" and completed the production of China's first feature film "Difficult to Find a Wife" (also known as "Wedding Candle").

New Youth was first published. 19 15 September15, Youth magazine edited by Chen Duxiu (renamed New Youth the following year) was founded in Shanghai. Since September, 1920 has become the official publication of China * * * producer. After the establishment of China * * * Production Party, it became the organ of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. Published in July 1926.

The full text of the manifesto of the production party was published. 1In August, 920, the full text of the Producers' Party Manifesto translated by Chen Wangdao and revised by Chen Duxiu and Li was published by Shanghai Socialist Research Association and distributed by New Youth Club. This is the first Chinese translation published for China.

Hongqiao airport has been built. 1921March 10, Hongqiao airport was officially completed and basically completed on June 29th of the same year.

China * * * Production Party was founded. 1921July 23rd, the first national congress of China * * * production party was held at Wang Zhi Road 106 (now No.76 Xingye Road). Present at the meeting were representatives Bao Hui appointed by He Shuheng, Dong, Chen Tanqiu, Li Da, Li, Zhang, Chen Gongbo, Zhou Fohai and Chen Duxiu. 53 party member representing China. On the evening of July 30th, Wang Zhi Road 106 was searched by the patrol house of the French Concession. 3 1, the conference moved to Nanhu cruise ship in Jiaxing, Zhejiang to continue.

The earliest radio station was established. 1923 65438+1At 8: 00 on October 23rd, the radio station founded by American journalist Osborne (commonly known as Osborne Radio) was officially launched, which was the earliest radio station in Shanghai and China. It stopped broadcasting in April of the same year. By liberation, there were 234 radio stations in Shanghai.

The May 30th tragedy happened. 1925 On May 30th, more than ten thousand workers and students in Shanghai protested against the illegal arrest of workers and students by the Nanjing Road Concession authorities. The British police patrol shot and killed 10 people and injured countless others, which was the "May 30th tragedy".

Shanghai Federation of Trade Unions was established. The time is 1925 May 3 1.

Three armed worker uprisings. 192610/on October 24th, under the leadership of China * * * Production Party, Shanghai workers held their first armed uprising in Zhabei, Heather and Huxi at the same time, but failed due to insufficient preparation. On February 22nd, 1927, 360,000 workers in Shanghai went on strike. At 6 o'clock in the afternoon, the general strike evolved into the second armed uprising of Shanghai workers. Because it was too late to launch the uprising, it failed again. On March 2 1 day, Shanghai workers held the third armed uprising. The battles were divided into Zhabei, Heather, Hongkou, Pudong, Wusong, Hudong and Huxi. After fierce fighting, the uprising won, and the temporary municipal government of Shanghai Special City composed of Luo Yinong and Wang Shouhua was established, and people were immediately sent to Xinlonghua Station to welcome the Northern Expeditionary Army to Shanghai.

Chiang Kai-shek launched a counter-revolutionary coup on April 12th. 1927 April 12, Chiang Kai-shek ordered Huang,,, and others to hire hooligans, posing as workers to attack the workers' picket station, and launched a counter-revolutionary coup on April 12. Zhou Fengqi of the 26th Army forcibly disarmed the workers' picket under the pretext of "worker infighting", killing and injuring more than 300 workers. The next day,100,000 workers petitioned for the release of the arrested workers and the return of weapons. They were suppressed by the army near Sandri on Baoshan Road in Zhabei, killing and injuring hundreds of people. Immediately, Chiang Kai-shek ordered the closure of the Shanghai Federation of Trade Unions and wantonly killed workers and party member.

The peasants staged an armed riot. From 1927 to 1930, under the leadership of China * * * Production Party, farmers in Shanghai suburbs held Xisha (Chongming County,1927 from August to 1 1) and Fengjing (1) successively. 1929 10), Xinjie (Jinshan County1February 929) and Nicheng (Nanhui County1August 930).

The Left League was established. 1930 In March, the League of Chinese Left-wing Writers was established in Shanghai. In July of the same year, the China Left-wing Cultural General Alliance was established.

* * * The Provisional Central Committee was established in Shanghai. The time is late September 193 1. To 1933 1 month, evacuated to Ruijin, Jiangxi revolutionary base.

War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression broke out in Shanghai on 1 28th. 1932 65438+1October 2 1 day, Japanese consul general in Shanghai, Murai, issued an ultimatum to Wu Tiecheng, the mayor of Shanghai, on the grounds that Japanese monks went to Sanyou Industrial Company to make trouble and were beaten. The deadline for giving the Chinese side was 6 pm on the 28th. 65438+1At 0: 45pm on October 28th, Wu Tiecheng replied to the Japanese Consul General and accepted all four requests. At 4 pm, the Japanese Consul General informed the consular mission in Shanghai that he was satisfied with the mayor's reply. At night 1 1: 30, the Japanese invaders suddenly attacked Zhabei, and the 19th Route Army rose to fight back. Jiang Guangnai and Cai Tingkai walked to Zhenru Station on a starry night and set up temporary headquarters to direct operations. War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression broke out in Shanghai on 1 28th. In February, the Sino-Japanese War was fierce. * * * issued a resolution on the 1 1 March 28th incident, calling for an armed uprising of workers, peasants and soldiers and a national war. /kloc-in March, 2000, more than 90,000 people from the Japanese army, navy and air force invaded Shanghai. On that day, we launched a general attack on Zhabei, Jiangwan, Miaohang and Wusong. China's defenders are less than 50,000 in Shanghai, fighting alone. At 2 1, the 19th Route Army Command ordered the whole army to retreat to the second line of defense of Huang Du-Tai Fang and Jiading-Taicang. On March 20th, according to a preliminary investigation by the Central Statistics Office of the National Government, 1 1 On March 28th, during the Anti-Japanese War in Songhu, the city lost more than 65.438+0.5 billion yuan, with 6.5438+0.8 million residents injured and 6.5438+0.8 million missing.

The commander-in-chief of the Japanese invaders was killed by the bombing. 1On April 29th, 932, the Japanese invaders held a celebration and military parade in Hongkou Park. Yin, an anti-Japanese patriot of North Korea, threw a Grenade at the rostrum. General Masaaki Shirakawa, commander-in-chief of the Japanese invaders, was seriously injured and died, and many others were injured.

Cihai was published. 1936, Cihai was published by Zhonghua Book Company. 1April, 965, the revised Ci Hai was published internally (not finalized). Since then,1September 1979,1September 1989 and1September 1999 have published three revised editions, basically achieving the goal of "revising a dictionary in ten years".

An all-out war of resistance broke out. 1On August 9th, 937, two Japanese soldiers drove into Hongqiao China military airport to provoke and were killed on the spot. At 9: 00 am on August 13 and 15, Japanese warships invading Shanghai bombarded Zhabei with heavy artillery, and a small group of Japanese marines opened fire on the security guards stationed near Xibaoxing Road, and the defenders of China fought back. On August 13th, the Sino-Japanese War in Shanghai began, and a full-scale war of resistance broke out. On August 20th, the China government established the base camp headed by Chiang Kai-shek, and designated the south of the Yangtze River in Jiangsu (including Beijing and Shanghai) and Zhejiang as the third war zone. Corps defense zones are divided into: north of Suzhou River and west of Huangpu River, belonging to the Ninth Army, with Zhang Zhizhong as commander-in-chief; South of Suzhou Creek, Pudong and the left bank of Hangzhou Bay belong to the Eighth Army, with Zhang Fakui as the commander in chief. On September 12, the national government forces abandoned the first line of defense. On September 2 1 day, the defense of Shanghai theater was adjusted, which was divided into three combat troops: right-wing, central and left-wing: Zhang Fakui, commander-in-chief of the right-wing army, was in charge of the eighth and tenth armies; Zhu Shaoliang, commander-in-chief of the Central Army, governs the Ninth Army and the Eighteenth Division; Chen Cheng, commander-in-chief of the left army, commanded the 15th and 19th armies. 10 year 10 On October 27th, the army of the National Government abandoned all positions east of Nanxiang and on the north bank of Suzhou Creek. 165438+1On October 5th, the Japanese invaders landed near jinshanwei on the north bank of Hangzhou Bay, and the defenders of the National Government were in a dilemma. On June 8th, 165438+, the Third Theater Command issued a transfer order to the troops in Shanghai Theater. 165438+1October 12, Shanghai fell.

Eight hundred heroes sticks to the four-line warehouse. 1937, 10 year1October 27th, the 524th Regiment of the 262nd Brigade of the 88th Division of the National Government Army, together with Xie Jinyuan, who was ordered to lead the 1st Battalion of the Regiment (actually there were 452 people, so-called eight hundred heroes), stuck to the warehouse of Zhabei Fourth Line and covered the main force's retreat. After four days and nights of fierce fighting with the enemy, the task was completed, and the remaining 398 people were ordered to retreat into the concession. 1941On April 24th, Xie Jinyuan was stabbed to death in the solitary army barracks, and more than 100,000 people went to pay their respects.

In China culture, Shanghai culture is a kind of regional culture rising in modern times, and it can also represent Shanghai's modern culture. The spiritual essence of this culture can be reflected in the modern architectural image of Shanghai.

The prototype of Shanghai culture is actually Jiangnan culture, which is manifested in architecture and can now be seen in some legacy buildings in the suburbs of Shanghai. Later, with the development of the city, Shanghai's architecture became more urbanized. Now, the small street shops in Yuyuan Garden, a southern city in Shanghai, clearly show the cultural form of Shanghai at that time. However, modern Shanghai is a new cultural era, and western culture has moved eastward on a large scale, and western powers have established concessions here; With the development of economy and commerce, Shanghai has gradually become a modern metropolis. Its cultural feature is "Shanghai style", that is, it absorbs many foreign cultures and is eclectic and eclectic. These cultural characteristics are reflected in architecture, and their characteristics are various, including residential, commercial and other architectural forms.

Shanghai's modern housing can be said to be dominated by houses in alleys. This form is: an alley, with houses on both sides, is called Shikumen House (the door frame is made of stone), and one door is a family. Now three or four families live together. Inside the door is a small patio, just in front of the living room. There is a door in the back wall of the room, which is the stairwell and kitchen, and then the back door. Outside the door are still alleys and Shikumen dwellings, thus forming a residential area. This kind of residence is generally two or three floors, with bedrooms, study and so on. Upstairs, there is also a balcony on the roof for drying clothes and quilts. This kind of building is suitable for ordinary citizens in Shanghai. The living room can be used as a living room, reception room, etc. Some like Chinese style, square table, tea table chair, landscape painting, couplets and so on. Can be hung on the wall; Some people like western styles, such as round tables, sofas, writing desks and swivel chairs. Of course, there are western paintings hanging on the wall. The traditional Jiangnan residential form (Shikumen) is the gate form, but the relief patterns on western classical buildings can also be decorated on the door edge, which can be described as a combination of Chinese and western.

Traditional houses in China are classified according to social class, and the size and style of houses are determined according to the size of official products. If it is a low-ranking official or an ordinary person, fighting arches and painting dragons and phoenixes, the room size is not allowed. Modern housing in Shanghai is not divided according to this relationship, but mostly according to economic conditions. Rich people can live in villas and small houses, but poor people have no money to live in. Most of the people who can live in villas are the chairman and general manager of foreign companies and large companies; A little worse, such as the general manager, barrister and university professor of a medium-sized company, living in a garden, such as Verdun Garden (now Changdong New Village) or a high-end apartment, such as Bikadi Apartment (now Hengshan Hotel); Those second-class, such as owners and senior staff of small companies or shops, live in houses. Worse than this are people in service industries such as toilets and barbershops, ordinary factory workers, small shops and stalls. Live in an old house or live in a mixed house. These people have small houses and poor conditions, so-called "72 tenants" (a farce). Even worse, shacks, brick walls on both sides, find some wooden strips to put aside and spread linoleum. Most of these people fled the north and came to Shanghai to make a living, such as rickshaw pullers and day laborers. There are also some victims from northern Anhui and northern Jiangsu who make a living by scavenging, and their living conditions are even worse. Find some bamboo poles, bend them, insert both ends into the mud and cover them with linoleum. This is called "rolling earthworms". The ground was wet, so I spread some broken mats and curled up inside. Some victims still can't find a place to sleep, so they have to sleep on the sidewalk of Jinling East Road, because there are arcades here, that is, there are buildings above them to keep out the rain. But most of them escaped alone and didn't bring anything to keep out the cold. When the cold wave strikes in winter, they are hungry and cold, and some people always freeze to death. This shows the difference between the rich and the poor in modern Shanghai. The architecture vividly describes the modern society in Shanghai.

Shanghai's modern architecture, of course, also has the nature of "Shanghai style". Is the word "Shanghai School" a positive or negative term? Some people may think that Shanghai style is an arbitrary meaning. In fact, the biggest feature of Shanghai style is "activity". China's ancient culture will come to an end in the late Qing Dynasty, but where is the way out? In modern China, Shanghai culture is unique. Although a port in Shanghai is a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, there is bound to be a lot of sludge and turbid water. There are opium, sluts and casinos here. This is a world of ecstasy, crazy singing and dancing, decadent decline, which is the dark side of society. However, there is another side to Shanghai: Shanghai's modern culture is full of vitality, youth, imagination, adventure, strong understanding and good at accepting new things. Therefore, modern Shanghai became the largest entity in the national economy, and it was in the forefront in science and technology, culture and education. Shanghai's modern architecture is not only the container of these contents, but also expresses this spirit.

From the point of view of commercial architecture, Shanghai style also embodies its competitive mechanism. Nanjing Road is the most prosperous commercial street in modern China. There are countless shops on both sides of this street. Among them, Shixian Company (now a fashion company) was built earlier, 19 15, and its form and scale are very eye-catching. Later, a large commercial building, Yong 'an Company (now Hualian Department Store), was built opposite it. They tried their best to surpass Shixian Company, so they built a "lean against the clouds pavilion" on the roof to attract customers. Since then, the business of Shixian Company has been affected. Therefore, Shixian Company also tried to use its brains in architecture, and built an empty tower with a three-story roof at the intersection of Nanjing Road and Zhejiang, which not only surpassed the lean cloud pavilion of Yongan Company in height, but also gave a better name, called Moxinglou. So the business is back to giving first. But then Yongan Company made a big move. They built a 20-story tower opposite Zhejiang Road, called "Xin Yong 'an", which is not only high, but also novel in form, making Yong 'an Company shine on the beach. Later, due to the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the economy and commerce of the city were greatly affected, so the competition was abandoned. These phenomena are also architectural manifestations of Shanghai's modern culture.

Shanghai's "Shanghai architecture" is more manifested in the architectural form. Shanghai is known as the "World Architecture Expo" because of its various forms of modern architecture. Britain, France, Germany, Spain, the United States, the Netherlands, Norway, Japan, India and so on. Everything, ancient and modern. The four pillars at the entrance of the Bund River Customs are the most standard ancient Greek Doric style. Take the Bund in Shanghai as an example. It starts from broadway mansions (now Shanghai Building) on the north bank of Suzhou Creek in the north and ends at the Bund on Jinling East Road in the south. The architectural forms here are varied: Oriental Bank is French Baroque, Bank of China is modern Chinese, Sassoon Building is modern American, Hotel is Renaissance, Jiang Customs Building is eclectic, HSBC is Roman Renaissance, and British Association is British classicism. Although these buildings have various styles, they are so harmonious and beautiful as a whole from the Bund architecture, which is really commendable.

The Shanghai style of modern architecture in Shanghai is characterized by positive, eclectic and pioneering spirit, which is beneficial not only to today's architecture, but also to today's social culture.