Interpretation of the Epitaph of Yuxian Immortal by Gao Jun, a former hermit

? The epitaph of Gao Jun, a former hermit, was published on August 27th in the seventh year of Yuan Zhizheng (1347). The inscription was written by Cheng Mingde, who was then "the deputy envoy of the Salt Department in Hedong and Shaanxi". It is the only epitaph written by Cheng Mingde for local gentry at present, which shows that the social status of Gaos at that time was not comparable to that of ordinary families. The inscription is not only a treasure of Gao family, but also a precious historical relic of the country. It objectively describes the inheritance of Gao Gaohou from Mizhi, Shaanxi Province to Yuxian County, Shanxi Province for more than seven years. From Yuan Dynasty to 200 years, it provides the most direct material evidence for us to understand the survival track of our ancestors today, and objectively proves that the name of the village has been confirmed to continue to this day in the Northern Song Dynasty 1 13 1.

This stone tablet occupies a very important historical position in the study of Gao family migration and plays a role in connecting the past with the future. The stone tablet is still preserved in the home of the Gao family in Zhuangzhi Village, Ren Xian Township, Yuxian County. It is a complete text part: height150cm, width10cm and thickness16cm. Unfortunately, the base of the tablet computer was damaged in the 1970s.

When the world is in chaos, stones cannot be replaced by words. From ancient times to the present, for thousands of years, a clear genealogy can continue to this day, which is also very rare in the genealogy of major surnames in the country. The light it forms is the glory of all ethnic groups.

It is precisely because this inscription is eye-catching, so many interested experts and scholars and people of the same clan are also extremely concerned, and many research results have been published, which is a very gratifying thing. The author has carefully read some articles and thinks that it is normal for some authors to misinterpret some key points in the inscription because of different sources of information. Based on these data and understanding, this paper tries to help readers understand some controversial inscriptions by some authors. This is just a family statement, for reference only by teachers, local families and compatriots. Please correct me if there is anything wrong.

The inscription "Epitaph of Former Hermit Gao Jun" begins: "According to: Gao is a Qi person. Take the public as the same phase, take learning as the surname, and then prosper, and divide it into other countries. The world is a surname and there are many generations. " There is no dispute about the words "Dr. Feng Yi, Cheng Mingde, deputy envoy of salt transportation department in Hedong and Shaanxi" written in the Yuan Dynasty. If the ancestor Gao Hou, the fifth Sun Gaodeshan, did not provide Cheng Mingde with the genealogy handed down by his family ancestors for verification, the parents of this educated client would certainly not say so.

Inscription: "You are so shy. My ancestral home is Ren Xian Village, Dongxiang, Yuzhou. Generous and unyielding, diligent in farming, I have worked hard since I started, and I have been rich repeatedly. " In this paragraph, the reader should pay attention to the sentence "You are shy, and your ancestral home is Ren Xian Village, Dongxiang, Yuzhou". Description: 1. Gao Hou is the ancestor of the immortals. Second, the ancestors of the previous generation have moved to the surrounding areas of Ren Xian Village, namely Yanglinyao and Diaowangya. This can be confirmed by the data found so far.

Gao Hou's grandfather is Gao Chang, the son of Gao Shiliang, the descendant of the famous Song Dynasty Gao Yongneng, who is an assassin in Zhongzhou. All the grandchildren are in charge of the Forbidden City, and Gao Chang's younger brother is Gao Yongren.

Gao Chang's choice to settle in Yuxian was related to Gao Yong. Gao Yongneng (10 13- 1082), a general in the northwest of the Northern Song Dynasty, was born in Suizhou (now Suide, Shaanxi) and then moved to Qingjian (now Qingjian, Shaanxi). Gao Yong-neng and Gao Yong-neng, the same clan, strongly opposed Wang Anshi's political reform when she was a religious sect, and immediately took Sima Guang as the phase after listening to politics. Sima Guang put forward the idea of "changing mother into son" and completely abolished the new law (known as "Yuan You Geng Hua" in history). However, during the first year of Shaosheng (1094), when he came to power, Wang Anshi was able to enjoy the "literature" of the Temple and posthumous title. In the third year of Zhenghe (1 1 13), Song Huizong made Wang Anshi King of Shu and named him Confucius Temple. -Gao Yongneng and Gao Empress Dowager are both Gao Tai (later, official department ministers)! In this way, their descendants will lose power one after another, leading to Gao Chang, Gao Qing and a bunch of subordinates living in Mizhi and some people moving to Jizhou and other places. Gao Qing was promoted to Liao's Tokyo office as an interpreter. After Gao Yongchang was defeated, he joined the rulers.

? In the Song Dynasty, there was one in Yuxian Village who was the same as Zhang Tongzong! Zhang Xiaochun (? -1 144), the word Yongxi, was a scholar in Song Zhezong for three years (1088). In the first year of Hui Zong Daguan (1 107), Binzhou was sentenced. In four years (1 1 14), Zheng He was transferred to Hebei Road for trial and moved to Yongxing Army Road. In the fifth year of Xuanhe (1 123), he was a bachelor in Longtuge, a doctor in Yi Tong, an envoy of Hedong Road, and he also knew about Taiyuanfu, Shaobao Sect and Wudang Army. Zhang Xiaochun's third son is Zhang Xian, who worked as a confidential secretary in Taiyuan in the first year of Jingkang (1 126). Later, he was captured and imprisoned with his father in the cloud (now Datong, Shanxi) for four years, and served as Du Jun 1 1 in Taiyuan. His brother-in-law Liu Si and assistant minister Gao Qing are ten friends. Zhang Xiaochun's second son, Zhang Ying, was sentenced to Yuzhou around 1 13 1.

? That is, around 1 13 1 year, the Gaochang family settled in Diaowangya and Yanglinyao under the jurisdiction of Xianrenli (township) in Dongxiang, Yu County, through the high-definition relationship between people and people.

? HD people surrendered to the rulers and were punished after the accident. Gao Jucai, the son of Gao Qing, lives in seclusion in Huimin Village, Laiyang County, Laizhou Prefecture! There is a tomb of Gaoqing origin in Huicun. Known as the gaos thought. The website still exists. 1 137, high-definition righteousness was rehabilitated by unjust case. In the sixth year of Dading (1 166), Sejong's high standard rehabilitated HD's unjust case.

Gao Yongyi's brother, Gao Changyi, and the sub-plateau nationalities who have settled in Diaowangya and Yanglin (Yao) Kiln in Yuxian for a long time have long been firmly rooted in the local area.

Gao Hou, the son of the plateau, moved to Renren. Because of his "hard work", he became rich again and again. Marry and have children in Gao Tai, get rich gradually, accumulate millet in Wan Shuo, care for the poor, take care of needy families, run from all directions and rely on the masses. "Running around and relying on the masses" naturally includes the votes of Gao Yongneng's subordinates left over from Mizhi, Shaanxi Province, while Wang, Li and others who are related by marriage to Gaomen first settled in nearby villages such as Shanbei Village and Sha 'ao. This information can be seen from the inscriptions of immigrants preserved by Wang and Li at that time.

? "The fourth son, Tai: Chang, the second son, Yueqing, Tianjinwei and Hao. Everyone is talented, and heroes are righteous. Dan is a farmer. At dusk, he teaches classics and knows what he knows, without asking Wen Da. At the end of the Jin Dynasty, the world declined, and many officials were sealed in Qin, which was the seat of the Western Zhou Dynasty. Tired of filial piety. Zhuo Qin knows about Taiyuan, Qingtong knows about Dezhou, Yin knows about Leping County, and Yin knows about Luhe County. Whenever the country is in chaos, Jin Qing likes to get together to save the country. However, the appointment of Qin is an order. Yuan Bing went south and died in Chen Suo. " From this passage, we can read that at the end of the Jin Dynasty, the control was weak. In order to save the crisis, the court thought of the Xizhou Heroes' Home, which was tired of filial piety and honesty, and then promoted the "four directions to rely on the masses" to carry out government affairs in Taiyuan, and the affairs of Baode in the Qing Dynasty, and Yin in Tianjin Baoleping County and Yin in Hao Duolu County were divided and ruled. Whenever the country was in chaos, Jin Haoquan of the Qing army came to receive the task, and Qin issued an order to lead the "Gao Jiajun" to fight. Yuan soldiers went south to press the edge of the army and even died in battle.

What needs special attention is the description of Gao Qin, the son of Gao Hou, in the inscription: "... Yuan Bing went south and died in Chen, leaving no children." The last five words of this passage cannot be ignored. The genealogy after the monument contains: Qin matches Guo, and the daughter marries Wang Lin, Cai Zhuang and Jingxing. There are sons Gao Yi and Gao Xi, and HD's son is marked as Gao Hao's eldest son, that is, his stepbrother. This shows that, in fact, Gao Yong has an heir. In Gao's Preface to the Genealogy of Southwest Shares, there is another passage: "Qin married the Guo family and had a son. At first, due to frequent chaos in the country, Qin failed as a soldier and died in the battlefield. The Lord respected his loyalty and gave the army three hectares and sixty acres of land, as well as nine stones and six barrels of grain. However, his son announced that he died of injuries in the battle. And he was lonely and cowardly, and he was afraid that the officers would be tired of himself, so he abandoned the army and let the officials go, regardless. About the reign of Song Lizong (Zhao Yun), the first year of Baoqing (Jin Aizong: Hong Yan kept the order for Zheng Da for two years; Yuan Taizu: My son weighs only one catty. Temujin Genghis Khan was twenty years old. He is an easy friend (1225) and has a wife. He has lived in the southwest of Yanshou Township, East Zhangzhou, and is no longer in office. " In this way, Gao Qin suddenly had three sons, Gao Yi and Gao Xi were clearly engraved in the genealogy behind the stone tablet, while Gao Xuan did not even appear in the genealogy of his ancestors. On the other hand, Gao Xuan is the only son whose ancestor is Gao Qin in the genealogy of Southwest Shares, and there is no record that Gao Yi and Gao Xi are also sons of Gao Qin. On the surface, they are in a contradictory state of mutual disapproval. Gao Qin's wife Guo's two tablets are clearly recorded, so Guo's three sons and one daughter should all be there. Why is this the same phenomenon? This question is thought-provoking.

In fact, the reasons for this phenomenon are not complicated, because during the war years, people actually had many concerns. At the end of the Jin Dynasty, the country was in danger. The government assigned Gao Qin and his brothers to different posts and sent people who followed Gao Jia to the battlefield to serve the country. Maybe Gao Qin was assigned before his sons were born, so he didn't report to the government. In leading the "Gaos Army" again and again, Gao played an important role. Yuan soldiers went south, and the last World War ended, which was followed by the collapse of the Jin Dynasty, which unified the world. As a former general who fought against the Yuan Dynasty, he even dared not reveal the secret of Gao Yong's heir, because once revealed, he was in danger of being uprooted at any time. In this way, the secret was kept secret until the seventh year of the Yuan Dynasty. As a judge in Yuzhou, Gao Deshan, who has retired to the mountain forest, made a request to write an epitaph to his local parents Cheng Mingde. Of course, local parents are happy to see the hero family retire from farming in the mountains, which is extremely beneficial to stabilizing the political situation. Why not? So he generously promised to write an epitaph for Gao Jun, a former hermit. Why was Gao Hou called a hermit? Because Gao Qin, the eldest grandson of Gao Hou, and others died in battle, as the highest patriarch of the family, Gao Hou was tired of conquering and killing Lu, and advocated that future generations should strive for official positions, not official positions, so he was respectfully called Gao Jun a hermit. Hermit's name is said to have a high honor in ancient society, such as Confucius, Zhuangzi, Tao Yuanming and Zhu Gekongming.

When Cheng Yinde made an in-depth study of the family history materials provided by Gao Hou's family, this inscription was written naturally. In the inscription, he said that "Qin Qing has no heir" was determined according to the information provided by the Gaos and the official information. Of course, he didn't know that Qin still had children, which was a secret that was deliberately concealed. He wouldn't have thought that the genealogy was engraved with the secret that Gao Yihe was the son of Gao Qin, because he didn't write the genealogy, and if he knew it, there was no need to pay attention to this detail (I'm afraid it's hard to imagine). It seems that Gao Deshan has a thorough understanding of Cheng Mingde, and it is a great courtesy for his parents to take the time to write an inscription for the Gaos. As for Yin Bei's genealogy, he doesn't need to write it, nor is it a monument to the royal family. The official in charge of writing the inscription must thoroughly check what the inscription says. After the inscription was completed, the ceremony of erecting the monument was held on an auspicious day chosen by the Gaos. Besides, Yuzhou Prefecture is still 70-80 miles away from the ancestral grave of the immortal Gaojia, and the round trip is not a day's work. The traffic in ancient times was not as convenient as it is today, so even if the monument was written by them, he would not bend down to sweep the grave. It is easy for yin and yang teachers to hide the truth. Then Gao Xuan is also the son of Gao Qin. Why is there only Gao Yi and Gao Xi on the tablet, but he is not among them? Maybe Gaodeshan is out of deeper consideration and protection. Carve or not, this is a dilemma. Carve, leak. No, I didn't explain it after dysprosium was finished. In the dilemma, although the inscription gained the upper hand, it was conservative and did not engrave Gao Xuan. This should be a decision after repeated consideration. We should not only explain to the descendants of Qin Zu, but also remember the inscriptions. This was a big risk at that time. From the Yuan Dynasty to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, a special family lived by guarding tombs until the founding of New China. This is a well-known thing in the local area. Why guard the grave? Of course, you don't want others to get close to you easily, for fear of finding secrets that you shouldn't find and causing trouble. Fortunately, no one thought of studying the data in the high genealogy in the tomb at that time. Of course, there is no need to protect this secret after the demise of the Yuan Dynasty, but the Gao family is a famous local family and there is no reason to protect the ancestral graves, so the tradition of sweeping graves has not changed for hundreds of years.

Inscription: "High first, Taigong later. A large generation is always right for the family. The controversial sentence is "always think about the family", which is wrong in some articles. The original inscription was clearly "right" rather than "blessing". If you understand it according to the meaning of "blessing", it is obviously meaningless. And the author thinks that the sentence "always think of the family" is an inverted sentence of "always think of the family". This interpretation is even more difficult for the author to agree with. The author supports the conclusion of Gao Jiantu, the authority of Gaohou genealogy, that is, "the peak is the elder in Gaohou genealogy". The inscription written by Cheng Mingde at that time was based on the high and thick genealogy held by Gao Deshan, dating back to the 22nd generation of Gaofeng, before writing the word "always right".

Historically, there were two peaks in the Northern Wei Dynasty. One of them, Gao Feng, was the little emperor who ascended the throne on the first day of the first month in 577 AD. At that time, he was 8 years old and 22 years old, and Emperor Gao Wei was in charge of state affairs.

The second Peak is the 20th Biography of Shu Wei (Volume 32). "Biography of Gao E" contains: "Heng, the word Uncle Zong, Julu Taishou. When Taizu was in power, he led the county to surrender, and gave him the posts of Hou of Jingxian County and General Jia Longxiang, and still kept the giant deer. He gave a gift to General Anton and the secretariat of Youzhou. Zi Dao, beginning with a sigh, attacked Jue. Worship the pastoral order, move to Zhennan General and Xiangzhou Secretariat. An untimely post, chess piece. I still think it's a gift. I said "Zhuang". The child is dry and the word is dry. Diligent and studious, generous and elegant. After the attack on the marquis of Juejing County, the case was reduced to Bo. Sima Shi, general Weiyuan, mayor of Shanshan, Qingzhou, South China. After that, he was transferred to Fenzhou, where he served as military governor and Baishui satrap. It is famous for its honesty. Too busy, pawn. As a gift, they were given to the generals in charge of the festival, general chariots and horses, Sigong, Yongzhou secretariat and secretariat to show their filial piety to Mu. Zi Kan, word Bo Xin, attack. Except for the history of Governor Qin Nan. He died and was given the title of general of the auxiliary country, Liangzhou secretariat. Zi Shao, the word Guangzu, attacked Jue. At the beginning of Xinghe, General Lu was a native of Cangzhou. Kandi Teng, the word Fuxing. He died in general Anton, the secretariat of Gwangju, the founding father of Xiangcheng County. Zi Xi, the word ancestor moved. The corps commander and Qiu. Brother Yu Jing, Tong Zhilang. Jing's brother died and he attacked his father. Tengdi Longzhi, the last year of Wuding, Taibao, Shangshuling, the founding father of Pingyuan County. " The above-mentioned people related to the descendants of Gaofeng belong to the 37th to 4th1generations, which have been found in the records of this family's grand genealogy. Therefore, it is correct to interpret "always the right of the family" as "the peak is the elder of the family"

attached drawing

By the way, is Gao Yongneng the ancestor of Gao Hou? Because it is beyond the scope of this article, I just want to say a few words: the focus of this debate has been clearly recorded in the genealogy of the same family, and it is not appropriate to doubt it. Some authors say that Mizhi County appeared in the late Jin Dynasty. During the Northern Song Dynasty, there was only Mizhi Village, but no Mizhi County. "And think that Gao Yongneng has no evidence to support his activities in Mizhi. Please note that after Gao Yongneng's death, the influence of Gaomen clan is not what it used to be. Although it is normal for his grandchildren Gao Chang and Gao Yong to live in Mizhi and other places, it is not absolutely impossible. In ancient times, population migration caused by war was very normal and should not be denied. As for Mizhi county or Mizhi village, it should not be used as a reason to deny that Gao Yongneng's descendants finally moved from Mizhi to Yuxian to become immortals. Because there is a track of Gao Yongneng's activities in Mizhi County from the county annals of Ming and Qing Dynasties. Before the Yongle War, Xu Xi ordered Shen Kuo and others to stay in Mizhi, while Gao Yongneng and Gao Yongxiang went to see Mizhi. From this perspective, Mizhi is regarded as a place left over from the Yongle War. After the war, it was normal for Gao Yongneng's descendants and ministries to stay in Mizhi, but Mizhi was not safe in the end and had to migrate. There is no doubt that the immortal tablets in the high settlement areas record that the ancestors came from Mizhi.

? Fortunately, Gao Tianshuan, a group of 9 people from Xiaozuo Village, Jingxing County, Hebei Province, went to Mizhi to find the ancestral home of Puzhu River (Yinma River), which is now called Wujiazui, and confirmed that this was a very gratifying thing. For a long time, the author and his family were worried that they could not find their ancestral home on the published map. I'm relieved now, thank you for your hard work!

There is a sentence in the inscription that should be noted, that is, some versions of "the immortal in the jar is thicker than the ancestor" are printed as "the ancestor in the jar is thicker than the ancestor", and the difference between "immortal" and "ancestor" is very obvious. In the inscription, "A fairy in a jar is thicker than a distant ancestor." The definition is very accurate, that is, Gao Hou is the ancestor of Ren Xian Village in Yuxian County, not the ancestor of Yuxian County (high surname), and Gao Hou is the ancestor. If you think so, it's all wet and it's hard to convince the public.

? Readers should also pay attention to why Cheng Mingde, as a local official of the imperial court, is willing to write an epitaph for the hero hermit family of the Western Zhou Dynasty. In addition to the reasons mentioned in the inscription, the key point is to safeguard the ruling interests of the Yuan Dynasty and win the hearts of famous families. Moreover, Gao Deshan's brother is a backup county of Yin and Liyang, and Gao Deshan himself was once a teacher of Yin and Yang in Yuzhou. Although he has lived in seclusion, this face is still good.

Some readers may ask, why didn't Gaodeshan include the ancestors above the monument height? Because this monument was built for the immortal ancestors, it must have started from the height and thickness, and "top-down, bottom-up" is already a very high rule. I don't think the average family can meet such standards at all. Moreover, in ancient times, there were very strict standards for how many monuments were allowed to record generations, and it was impossible to build as many as you wanted.

? Please correct the clumsy articles above.

Attachment: Epitaph of former hermit Jun Gao

Written by Cheng Mingde, deputy envoy of the Salt Transport Department mentioned by the doctor from Hedong to Shaanxi.

Hao Weizhuan, Judge Yuzhou, Jining Road, Cheng Shilang

Imperial academy Bandu Zhang Shuhui

According to Gao, it comes from Qi. Taking the public as the same phase, learning as the surname, and then Fan Chang, divided into other countries, the world is full of surnames, and there are many substitutes. You are shy. Your ancestral home is Ren Xian Village, Dongxiang, Yuzhou. Generous and unyielding, diligent in farming, getting up early and greedy for the dark, and getting rich repeatedly. Finally, he was buried in Wansonglin, Yuexiaoshan. The secluded terrain, beautiful mountains, flat middle, plain as the palm of your hand, and dense trees reflect from left to right, which is a good sign for the territory. Marry Wang Hexian Ming. Have a baby, teach righteousness, and don't fall behind. Wife Hu. Be a woman. Gradually become rich and accumulate millet to Wan Shuo. Poor weeks, prosperous times, food all around. Tesaja: The first name is Qin, and the second names are Qing, Jin and Hao. Everyone is talented, and heroes are righteous. Dan is a farmer. At dusk, he teaches classics and knows what he knows, without asking Wen Da. At the end of the Jin Dynasty, the world declined, and many officials were sealed in Qin, which was the seat of the Western Zhou Dynasty. Tired of filial piety. Zhuo Qin knows about Taiyuan, Qingtong knows about Dezhou, Yin knows about Leping County, and Yin knows about Luhe County. Whenever the country is in chaos, Jin Qing likes to get together to save the country. However, the appointment of Qin is an order. Yuan Bing went south and died by Chen. There is no heir, but Kim's wife Kim has a son: Lin. Hao, Wu, Ran. The fourth son: the dragon says expensive, and the second son says noble, precious and jade. Hao Ming's eldest son is more expensive than the Qing Dynasty. Later, Qing, Tianjin, Haozilin, Guifen East and Xizhai. Tianjin is the east residence of the people, and Hao is the west residence of the military name. Lin Sanzi: Ying and Liang. Your second son: light and virtue. Ziyi: Zhong. Bao Erzi: Cheng Yu Yuan. Yusanzi: Court, performance, party. All take agriculture as their profession. However, your second son is virtuous, sensible and good at reading, and good at death. He was a teacher of Yin and Yang in Yuzhou and retired from then on. Baoyan Confucian scholars teach their children and encourage their people to live in harmony. Every time I look at a high school course, I get more than 200 points. I am afraid that the world is far away and I am afraid that I will get lost. The desire for the dragon tablet includes the descendants of several sects, who are obsessed with what they have learned and have risen. It is suggested that everyone should be ambitious. Ding hai had a cold meal in February, except for the deputy traffic officer, who guarded it by himself and waited behind closed doors. However, the county magistrate waited, because he married the Gaos, and one day he was with the virtuous, telling him that greatness is more important than third class, and prosperity is not enough to destroy the country. However, you have a well-deserved honor, full of gratitude, cautious pursuit of distance, from lofty to lofty, and want to make a stone pass down through the ages. Please make it public in writing. I hope so. Give the former magistrate a real hand, attach importance to the cohabitation of senior generations, and force their children to work in the fields. It is also extremely desirable to encourage vulgarity and think of appearance. I sincerely ask, and I am worthy. Its spectrum spy

The second time, it has been engraved. Yue Ming:

High before, great after.

There are many generations, and it is always right.

It is suitable for other countries and has a long history.

The immortal kernel of the jar is thicker than the distant one.

Live in seclusion without being an official, retire from the world.

Accumulate virtue for a hundred years and seek survival.

From Deshan, Li Tian Xiaoyou.

Often pregnant with newspapers, spectrum spy advised.

I'm Vince Si Tong to spread immortality.

Seven-year-old Ding Hai came to Zheng Zheng from Dayuan and was pregnant for one month.

Shi Shati in Dingxiang County controls Fu Rong.