What book should I buy to read Cao Xueqin's Manuscript of A Dream of Red Mansions?

Cao Xueqin's manuscript can't be bought, so we can only study and summarize it according to various materials. According to the existing materials, there are more than ten kinds of manuscripts of A Dream of Red Mansions found at present (the Beijing-Tibet version is missing). According to the formation time of the background, the copy is as follows:

1. The JOE edition of Re-evaluating the Stone in Hongyan Zhai lasted for nineteen years (1754).

The remaining 16 chapters, chapters 1 to 8, 13 to 16, 25 to 28, * * * 16, have no table of contents. One volume is four times, and four volumes are * * *. Made of dried bamboo paper. Every volume of Jia Xu's book begins with "Zhi Yanzhai's Re-evaluation of the Story of the Stone". Because the first part of the wedge has a sentence "Reading and commenting on JOE, the stone records are still used", so it was named JOE Edition, also known as "Fat Full Edition".

There is a postscript to Liu Quanfu's two years of tongzhi (1863) and seven years of tongzhi (1868). It will later be owned by Sun. /kloc-in the summer of 0/927, Hu Shi bought it from a stall. According to the first Chinese character mentioned above, Hu Shi called it "Jiaxuben" and thought it was the oldest banknote book in the world. 1949, Hu Shi went to Taiwan Province province, bringing a copy of Jia Xu and a copy of Cheng Yi. 1962 After Hu Shi's death, he donated this book to Cornell University in the United States, and now it is in the Cornell University Library in the United States.

196 1 May, 2008, photocopied by Taipei Commercial Press and printed in two colors for Zhu Mo. There are also copies of Youlian Publishing House (Hong Kong) and Jintan Ancient Books Printing House. 1962 reprinted by Zhonghua Book Company, 1973 reprinted by Shanghai People's Publishing House, 16 photocopied by Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House in April 2004, and 16 photocopied by Beijing Library Publishing House in October 2004.

This book opens with a "common case" with a seven laws attached. There are five "common cases" and a poem in front of the first text. There is a poem from the beginning to "Don't be unprepared" and a 4 14 word, which is unique to it. "The first time I opened this book, the author said ..." After a while, this paragraph was the only introduction in the book, which was confused with the text and became the beginning of the text. This book is a dialogue between monks and stones for the first time, with a total of 429 words. After that, every book has disappeared.

Twelve lines per half page, eighteen lines. The disability is serious. Every page in the second half of the book has Zhi Yanzhai's signature. Save more fat than other books. There are many kinds of fat batches in this book, such as eyebrow batch, side batch, double-row batch and back batch. Fat criticism is far more than other fat copies, especially some important comments he doesn't have.

2. Twenty-four years' winter of Yi Mao's Re-evaluation of the Stone Story in Hongyan Zhai (1759).

Also known as fat diet book, fat museum book.

The title on the cover is "The Story of the Stone". At the end of each volume, the words "Red inkstone reevaluates the stone volume" are written. The title of the cover of the second volume is "Zhi Yanzhai has read and commented four times", and the title of the third volume is "Ji Maodong Ding Yueben", hence the name Ji Maoben. It is considered by redology scholars to be the Mao year of the 24th year of Qianlong (1959). Forty-one cycles and two and a half cycles stay at the base. That is, one to twenty times, thirty-one to forty times, and sixty-one to seventy times (sixty-four times and sixty-seven times were originally missing, and Qingjia Taoist copied them). Ten times a book, * * * four books, ten lines, about twenty-seven to thirty crosses. Among them, about 1800 words were missing three and a half pages at the beginning of the first cycle, about 900 words were missing one and a half pages at the end of the tenth cycle, and about 700 words were missing a quarter page at the end of the seventieth cycle. Because they are all on the last page of every ten chapters, the knowledge system is incomplete in the process of circulation.

This book was originally separated from the second half of chapter 55 to the first half of chapter 59, and was purchased by the History Museum in the early 1950s. 1975, after textual research by Wu Enyu and Feng Qiyong, it was found that three and a half times (the lower half of fifty-five times to the upper half of fifty-nine times) of the residual copy of The Story of the Stone collected by China History Museum was the missing part of the current edition, because it also avoided the word "auspicious". So, I saved it in this book 41 times, twice and a half.

This book, which ends with thirty-four chapters of A Dream of Red Mansions, is the first book with the title of A Dream of Red Mansions in The Story of the Stone. It can be seen that Cao Xueqin used the title of A Dream of Red Mansions before his death. Chapters 17 and 18 are not separated, * * * uses reply, 19 has no reply, and chapters 64 and 67 are missing, which is the same as Geng. Sixty-four and sixty-seven in this book are based on another kind of notes. See the note at the end of sixty-seven, "The Story of the Stone ends at the end of sixty-seven, copied during the Qianlong period, supplemented by Wu Yu 'an". The words "Xiang" and "Xiao" in this book are obviously taboo. Mr. Wu Enyu and Mr. Feng Qiyong verified that this is a copy of Qin Yi Wang Mi. Because the old prince's name is Yun Xiang, and the little prince's name is Hong Xiao. It is impossible for other people's families to be so shy. Compared with Shaw's bibliography, it is in good agreement. Because (Yifu Bibliography) also avoids the taboo of "Xiang" and "Xiao". This book avoids the family secrets of Prince Yun Xiang and Hong Xiao, so critics think it was recorded from Qin Yi Wang Fu's manuscript. There is no complicated comment on writing in this book, and the first eleven chapters are a white text (after copying fifteen comments in this book). Before returning, the general evaluation sheet occupies one page, with double-line comments, no eyebrow approval or side approval. Most comments are written in double lines in the text, accounting for 7 17, which is the same as Chen Geng's version (except for one more word). There are only twelve places written on the right side of the text. These side batches are unique and can be found in chapters 6 and 10. This version has fewer words, more than that of Chen Geng, and its meaning is more accurate than that of Chen Geng. The original book probably predates Chen Geng's book and is the ancestor of Chen Geng.

There are four notes in this book, which make up for the shortcomings of the notes in this book. The first one is Fu Chang 'an Capital, which is annotated in the first text "The State of Prosperity". The second is the fourth "official protection statement"; The third is the fifth poem; The fourth picture is the sixth poem.

This is an old collection of Dong Kang in Wujin, which belonged to Tao Zhu (also a native of Wujin) around 1936. According to JOE's Geng, Tao Zhu used Zhu Lan's Two Notes of Ding Hainian (1947) and Ugly Year (1949) to collate, and added two corrections.

1949 was hidden in Beijing Library. The remaining three chapters appeared in China Bookstore of Liulichang 1959, and were purchased by China History Museum. In the photocopying process of Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House1May, 980, the collated brush strokes were cleared and deleted. There are also Liren (Taipei) photocopies and Beijing Library Publishing House photocopies.

3. Chen Geng's Re-evaluation of the Stone Story in Hongyan Zhai was published in the autumn of 25 years (1760).

Also known as Zhijing Ben. The title of the book is "A Re-evaluation of the Story of the Stone by Zhifuzhai", and the words "Four Examinations of Zhifuzhai" are marked at the beginning of each volume. The cover titles of the fifth to eighth volumes are titled "Chen Geng Autumn Moon Edition" or "Chen Geng Autumn Edition", hence the name Chen Geng Edition. The year of Chen Geng is the 25th year of Qianlong (1760). Save it 78 times. That is, one to eighty times, sixty-four, sixty-seven times are missing, and about 600 words are removed in the sixty-eighth time, which is estimated to lose one page. Ten times a book, * * * eight books, half a dozen lines, three crosses. Chen Geng's book has more than 2,000 comments different from JOE's, which is very precious.

Chen Geng's original edition is quite early and has the most complete appearance. Cao Xueqin's original A Dream of Red Mansions and Zhi Yanzhai's comment on writing are the best preserved, while the year and month names in Zhi Pi almost all exist in Chen Geng's version.

At the end of the twenty-second chapter of Chen Geng's book, he regretted the lack of words after the Mystery of Spring, and wrote: "After that, if it is broken, it will be supplemented." Another page reads: "Remember Baochai's riddle cloud for the time being: Who brings two sleeves of incense to court?" "Qin died before the trip was completed. Alas! Ding Xiahai, deformed. " Equal word. Later generations supplemented two enigmatic poems by Baoyu and Baochai, and mistakenly changed the mystery to Daiyu. Back to the seventy-fifth Mid-Autumn Festival poem, back to the front page, said, "Qianlong twenty-one years on the seventh day of May, Qing. Lack of Mid-Autumn Festival poetry, as soon as Xueqin. " Back to 19, the words "the name of the small study" are empty, and the words "I want to be there naturally" are mostly empty. These defects can be used to identify patches of his offspring.

There are many kinds of Chen Geng's books, such as eyebrow criticism, side criticism, double-row double-clip criticism and back-to-back criticism. More than 2000 comments than any other book, including all the double-line comments of Ji Mao's book (except one single word comment). Among them, there are some very important comments, such as Zhu Bimei's 20th submission criticizing "Xue Qian went to the prison temple". Attacking the humanities said:' Hua Xiren has a beginning and an end.' When I copied it, I only saw five or six manuscripts, such as "Prison Temple Comfort Baoyu", which were lost by the borrower. What a sigh! Ding, disabled. "

There was no comment on writing before the 11th edition of Chen Geng Edition, except that I copied the general comment before the edition and the text in white. The complete works of Zhu Bi's comment on writing focus on the 12th to 28th cycles.

Chen Geng's manuscript was copied by more than one person, and his cultural level and seriousness were very low. The book is full of words. The quality of the last volume was so poor that it was difficult to finish.

Chen Geng originally came from the flag bearer's family in the north city. At the beginning of 1933, Xu Xingshu bought it at the stall of Long Fu Temple in Dongcheng. Now in Peking University Library. During the period of 1955, Zhu Mo, Beijing Literature and Ancient Books Publishing House, photocopied and published a two-color collection, and photocopied the early fat edition for the first time. The missing two volumes were supplemented by the original edition. 1974 reprinted by People's Literature Publishing House, supplemented by Mongolian.

4. Stones in Wang Fu

One hundred and twenty times, ten times a volume, and twelve volumes of * * *. Subcontract four, eight and thirty-two letters. There are 18 rows of noodles and 20 crosses. Pink and even historical notes are written. The core of the title and version of the directory page is "stone" Zhao Wan Liyun was born after a Mongolian palace in the Qing Dynasty, so he is called "Mongolian palace book" for short. Because there is a cursive script of "Ye Qi Wang Ye" on the back of the general review page at the end of Chapter 71, a Dream of Red Mansions is suspected to be an old collection, so it is called "old collection", which is referred to as a book or a government book for short.

The first eighty chapters of Wang Fu edition are basically the same as those of Qi edition, with similar layout and the same ancestry, but there is no order. Its general catalogue and the first 80 chapters of the text are written in printed scarlet and pink series notes, and each edition has 18 lines and 20 crosses. The supplementary part is plain white paper with 24 words per page 18. This book is printed with the title of "The Story of the Stone" in red letters, with handwritten ink scrolls ×××× and the page number of each page. The layout of each line is the same as that of Qi Xu Ben. Chapters 57 to 62 are missing. Later generations copied the contents and texts of the six chapters and the last forty chapters in Cheng Jiaben, and put the preface of Cheng Weiyuan at the beginning of the book. There is a total head, and ten times is a quantity. However, each volume has four times.

"Wang Fu" is also a book about Zhi Yanzhai, and the general review also accounts for one page. However, from now on, the name of Zhi Yanzhai should be deleted from every book. Another unique feature of it is that it has 834 unique comments, which were not found in the early comments of Zhi Yanzhai. These comments are complementary to the general comments before and after the meeting, with marginal notes and double-line comments. Prose, poetry, words, songs and so on rhyme. Under the first seven-character quatrain before the forty-first chapter, it was signed by Li Songxuan. Li Songxuan wrote his comment on writing as a double-line annotation, which can prove that the manuscript of Wang Fu is Li Songxuan's manuscript. There are three basic versions of Song Xuanben, which are Chen Geng Ben, Ji Maoben and Yang Zangben in turn (none of them are today's editions). The first five chapters of this book belong to Chen Geng. At the end of the sixteenth session, everyone sentenced this boy to ridicule the world, and there was something left. This book is a continuation of the rest of the articles in this book. Chapter 56 changes "Shi Baochai" to "Knowing Baochai", that is, collecting books from Yang. All manuscripts have been collated and revised by Li Songxuan. Chapters 17 and 18 have been separated, with a reply in chapter 19, a conclusion in chapter 22, a comment on writing in chapter 64, a reply in chapter 67 and a reply in chapter 80. -These are all similar to each other. If there are no special circumstances, I won't go into details. Wangfuben's copy time is quite late. Its sixty-seventh copy is supplemented by Cheng Jiaben, and one of the first eighty copies is written on reserved paper. This poem seems to be the same as other poems in the general catalogue. This shows that the over-recording time of Wangfuben was after the Xinhai (179 1) in the 56th year of Qianlong.

Wang Fu edition appeared in China Bookstore of Beijing Liulichang in 1960 and 6 1 and was purchased by Beijing Library. 1988 Bibliographic Literature Publishing House (now Beijing Library Publishing House) photocopied and published.

5. Make a collection of "Stone"

6. Qi's Story of the Stone lasted thirty-four years (1769. Ugly b)

The full name is preface to the sound of Qi State, or the sound of Qi State for short. It was originally collected by Gan Long to Qi Guosheng in Deqing. During the Guangxu period, Tongcheng opened the mold and got an over-recorded copy, which was later returned to Mingzhen. Yu Yi's gift to Di Baoxian, the owner of Shanghai Zhengshu Bookstore, took a photo lithograph entitled "A Dream of Red Mansions at the Beginning of China". It is called "Xu Qiben" because its preface is at the beginning. However, there are four notebooks with a preface at the beginning of * * *. First, from 19 1 1 to 19 12, there is a lithograph "Da Yin" published by Shanghai Zhengshu Company. Second, 1920, a kind of "small print book" was cut and printed in large type, and the small print book was reprinted in 1927. There is almost no difference between big font and small print, so small print is generally not mentioned. Thirdly, there is a manuscript based on lithography in Zhengshu Bookstore, which was said to have been destroyed by fire before, but at 1975, ten volumes (the first forty times) were found in Shanghai Ancient Books Bookstore. Therefore, it is called "Hu Qiben". Because there is a printing factory to print this copy, some places are still burnt, and stickers and eyebrows are used, so there are small differences between the original manuscript and the printed copy. Because the book has several open-mold seals, it was once collected by Zhang, so it was called Qi or. Thirdly, the Nanjing Library collects Qi Xu, which is similar in shape and may be an over-recorded copy. But this book is also slightly different from other Xu Qi books. Therefore, it is called Qiningben or Ningben.

"Hu Qiben", also known as "Zhang Qiben", is divided into ten volumes, with four volumes each. In the middle of the book, from top to bottom, the title "The Story of the Stone", the volume ××× and the page number of each cycle are written, and ten cycles are one volume. The first volume is based on the preface to the inscription "Tang Xiao's Family Born in the State of Qi, Deqing", followed by 80 tables of contents and texts. The whole book copied a watermark of Wu Si lath and historical paper, with 9 lines and 20 crosses on each page. In addition to chapter 67, there is a general comment before and after the meeting on another page (the general comment was mistakenly entered into the text before the first and second chapters), and there are two lines of comments in the text, with no side comments and no eyebrows. The copying date is about the last year of Qianlong. There are six die seals on the manuscript, which are "Tongcheng Zhangji", "Tongcheng Shouquan Subset Seal", "Wengzhushi" and "Luanthrush". 1975, People's Literature Publishing House photocopied and published the original lithograph, changed its title "Preface to the Story of the Stone", and reprinted it again in 1988. Hiding in the Shanghai Library.

There is a "big print edition" published by Shanghai Zhengshu Company from 19 1 1 to 19 12. According to the photo lithograph of "Hu Qiben", it is entitled "China's manuscript in the early years was originally a dream of red mansions". Eighty replies, and the first forty replies were approved by the bookstore owner Di Baoxian. There are photocopies of People's Literature Publishing House, Literature Ancient Books Publishing House, Student Bookstore (Taiwan Province Province), Wenguang Bookstore (Taipei), and Thread-bound Bookstore, and the title is "Introduction to the State of Qi", so the original text is also called "Introduction to the State of Qi". Originally, it was a carefully arranged fat review, which was changed a lot, but it was mainly to check the missing and fill in the gaps and polish the text, which was different from deliberate tampering.

There is a "small print book", 1920, which was cut out and printed in big letters. The small print book was reprinted by 1927. Forty-one to forty-eight replies and comments from later generations. Photocopying by Literature and Art Publishing House (Taipei).

Qiningben, also known as Ningben, Nantuben, Zecunben or Zhiningben. That is, the preface to the life of Qi State and the Story of the Stone are collected in Nanjing Library. Save 80 times. Which belongs to the transcript of lipid evaluation system. There are some corrections in the original Xu Qiben, and Qi Ningben is the same as Hu Qiben. All eighty times, in Nanjing Library.

The four books that Qi belongs to have little difference and are of the same origin, which can be regarded as one version. Therefore, sometimes all books are mentioned and the generic term "Qi" is used to refer to them in writing. Sometimes "odd copy" also refers to owning the original. Some notebooks, although not in order, are similar to the homogeneous version in copying form and writing characteristics, and are also included in the homogeneous version.

Qi Xu is neat, clear and easy to read, and it is a popular version of a relatively perfect lipid evaluation system. There may be more than one copy, so the incomplete parts of the other copies have been filled in. He also collected a lot of comments, many of which were lacking in his book. For example, before the fourth time, the critic wrote a poem "Please focus on protecting official symbols", which is unique in this book. In addition, it also has its own characteristics in the text and title, which is worth studying. The first eighty chapters of Lu Xun quoted in the relevant chapters of A Brief History of Chinese Novels are all based on this book, not high-level.

The disadvantage of this book is that after writing, it is inevitable that the text will be changed and distorted, and the comment on writing will also move a lot. If the eyebrow approval and side correction are double-line approval or back-to-back approval, the original date and name will be deleted and the original features will be lost. This book is an old edition of Qi's Notes Collection. Although regular script is neat, it seems that the language level of the manuscript is not high, and typos are often seen.

7. The Story of the Stone, a collection in Beijing, has flourished for forty-one years (1776. Shen Bing).

Version after Cao Xueqin's death (New Year's Eve of the 28th year of Qianlong):

8. Zheng Zhang's Dream of Red Mansions

9. A Dream of Red Mansions manuscript "A Dream of Red Mansions"

Also known as scientific texts, fat manuscripts and Yangzang manuscripts. Yang initially collected 120 copies of A Dream of Red Mansions, the cover of which was titled A Dream of Red Mansions Manuscript. One hundred and twenty times, all of them. Ten times a roll. * * * Twelve volumes. Don't separate the paper. This book was altered by Cheng Yi before Yang collected it. Yang and his friends Yu Yuan and Qin Guangdi thought it was written, so Yu and Qin signed the manuscripts of A Dream of Red Mansions and A Dream of Red Mansions respectively. Yang wrote 120 volumes of A Dream of Red Mansions, including 4 1 to 50 volumes, according to typography. Ji Zhen Ji. "After the seventy-eighth turn, Zhu Bi wrote the word" Lan Shu has read it ". Therefore, it is referred to as "A Dream of Red Mansions Manuscript" or "A Dream of Red Mansions Manuscript". Because this book has many changes, it looks like a manuscript. Moreover, the side-variant characters in Yang Ben are generally Cheng Gaoben's characters. Therefore, some redologists believe that this book is a manuscript used by Gao E when sorting out the printed version of Cheng Gaoben. Therefore, it is called "A Dream of Red Mansions Manuscript". Therefore, this name has always been used by researchers of A Dream of Red Mansions.

The first eighty chapters of this book are all fat-based systems, and fifteen of them are distributed according to the process of high-cost notes. More than 60 times were recorded according to an early fat book, and then deleted and revised with ink pen, with the same text as Cheng Gaoben. The last forty chapters should be based on another first draft and then revised by the elevation school. So, at least four copies. Redology scholars believe that it was not Gao E who "wrote the draft of A Dream of Red Mansions". Call Yang Cangben to avoid misunderstanding.

It turns out that there are only 84 to 120 times left. Bank payment is different from bazaars and Chen Geng. Fourteen lines in half a page, thirty-eight lines. This is the largest imperial scroll. The background of the first eighty chapters is quite complicated. Yang Wen's article has always been regarded as early, but because the original version is patchwork, the text has also been deleted badly, leaving only a few paragraphs, showing signs of late. Before Yang received it, someone copied a copy by heart on pages 22, 53 and 110. Cheng Yiben was adopted in the 22nd, 53rd and 67th Pleistocene, which naturally happened after the 57th year of Qianlong (1792). When Yang Duanzhen's collection arrived, there were many flaws. According to Yang's frontispiece inscription, he copied it forty-first to fifty times. From these ten times of handwriting, we can find that he also copied the broken loose pages. 19 page version, copying the text in the same way, is a copy. Cheng Jiaben's supplementary time was the autumn of Mao Yi in the fifth year of Xianfeng (1855). This manuscript. Copy sloppy, layout, lines, etc. , are not very particular about, more casual, many typos.

There is an inscription "Ugliness and Clouds" at the end of Chapter 72 of this book. Ugly was written in the 15th year of Guangxu (1889), so Yang should have collected this book before the 15th year of Guangxu.

The first three pages of this photocopy are collected by the Institute of Literature, China Academy of Sciences. They are photocopied according to each item, not the original of Yang Ben Institute.

"Dream Draft" was originally collected by Yang (word right cloud) in the ugly year of Daoguang. It was discovered in the spring of 1959 and belongs to the Institute of Literature of China Academy of Sciences. 1962 65438+ 10 was photocopied and published by Shanghai Editorial Department of Zhonghua Book Company, with the title "One hundred and twenty manuscripts of a dream of red mansions", which was reprinted by Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House 1984.

10. A Dream of Red Mansions was published by Chen Jia for forty-nine years (1784).

1 1. A Dream of Red Mansions by Shu Ning has been published for 54 years (1789).

12. A Dream of Red Mansions by Cheng Jiaben lasted for 56 years (179 1. Xinhai).

13. A Dream of Red Mansions by Cheng Yi lasted for 57 years (1792. Renzi).

The latter two books are commonly used versions, and there are some differences between them. Therefore, only after careful comparison and analysis can we get the so-called "manuscript" which is closer to Qin Xue's original meaning.

In addition, The Legend of a Dream of Red Mansions, Preface to Wumen, published during the Jiaqing period, said: "A Dream of Red Mansions, the demon of history, doesn't know how to start. When Siku Shu succeeds, it spreads quietly and never ends. " ......。 "

It can be seen that the book A Dream of Red Mansions is incomplete from the beginning.

This is some information I know. Please collect the rest by yourself.