Penglai folk custom

Farmers in Penglai County are famous for their diligence and frugality. In the old society, farmers' families were generally men engaged in field work and women did housework. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), women were liberated from housework and worked in agriculture, business and business like men.

Farmers generally follow the habit of working at sunrise and resting at sunset. During the busy farming season, women or children will send breakfast and lunch to the fields. Generally, there is no rest before breakfast, once in the morning and twice in the afternoon, which means "two meals a day, not to mention three dinners."

Corn harvested after autumn is mostly hung under the eaves or on branches to dry; Sweet potatoes are mostly stored in dry wells. Dry well is commonly known as "sweet potato well", that is, dig a shaft more than ten feet deep in a dry place, dig 2 ~ 3 horizontal holes at the bottom of the well, and store sweet potatoes in the horizontal holes. Most Chinese cabbages and radishes are dug and buried for storage.

In the old days, after sowing in the autumn harvest, farmers usually chopped bean stalks, peanut stalks and sweet potato vines with a straw cutter and piled them in the yard or idle room, commonly known as "fields". The whole family eats noodles, which is called "the scene of eating rice", marking the end of a year's hard work and entering the slack season.

In the past, farmers still prayed for the prosperity of people and animals and the bumper harvest of crops. Before sunset on the 30th of the twelfth lunar month, sorghum stalks and grain stalks were planted on their own dunghill, and "paper stalks" were hung at the top, which was called "growing grain" (planting crops). Before sunrise on the first day of the first month of the first month, sorghum stalks and grain stalks are burned on the spot, which is called "killing grain" (harvesting crops), symbolizing a bumper harvest throughout the year. From the first day of the first month to the tenth day of the first month, every day symbolizes one thing: a chicken, two dogs, three cats, four rabbits, five pigs, six sheep, seven people, eight grains, nine rus (meaning "nine rus for nature protection" and "prolonging life") and one hundred percent (meaning "one hundred percent harvest"). It's sunny and cloudy every day to predict whether people and animals are prosperous and whether crops are bumper. The 21st day of the first month is wheat's birthday, so we have noodles at noon. This is a sunny day, symbolizing the bumper harvest of wheat that year. As the saying goes, "the wheat grains are harmonious, just look at the 21 ST of the first month." On this day in Tomb-Sweeping Day, farmers have the custom of feeding sorghum rice to their animals. As the saying goes, "Beat 1000 and scold 10000, but don't forget the sorghum rice in Tomb-Sweeping Day".

Fisherman's custom

Coastal fishermen have the custom of offering sacrifices to the dragon king and the sea god. Every festival and before going out to sea, they will arrange offerings, light incense and burn paper to pray for peace.

When a new ship disembarks, the owner chooses "auspicious day on the ecliptic", paints the bow, hangs a red flag on the mast, arranges offerings, lights candles, burns incense paper, sets off firecrackers and presents gifts. The shipowner used cinnabar pen to make the finishing touch and light up the new ship. Shouting "bon voyage" and "everything goes well", send the ship to sea.

Before we go fishing, we hold sacrifices, set off firecrackers, burn incense and paper, beat gongs and drums and pray for peace. On the first and fifteenth day of every year, fishermen's homes belong to the seaside, praying for their loved ones. When the fishing boat comes back with a full load, it will hang a "cloth sign" on the mast to report the good news to the villagers, and the villagers will go aboard to congratulate them.

Appellation custom

Great grandfathers are called grandfathers, and great grandmothers are called grandmothers and old ladies. Grandpa is called grandpa and grandma is called grandma; Grandpa is called grandpa, and grandma is called grandma and grandma. Dad called dad, dad, mom called mom, mom; The in-laws call their husbands and mothers-in-law (the wife herself); In-laws are called in-laws (husband in person); Uncle said uncle, uncle, Da Die, aunt said aunt, aunt; Uncle said uncle, aunt said aunt; Uncle said uncle, aunt said aunt, mother; Uncle said uncle, aunt said aunt; Uncle said uncle, aunt said aunt; The adoptive father is called Platini, and the adoptive mother is called godmother, adoptive mother and adoptive mother. Brother's name is brother, and brother's wife is sister-in-law; Brother is called brother, and his wife is called brother and sister-in-law; Elder sister is called elder sister, and elder sister is called brother-in-law; Sister is called sister, and sister-in-law is called brother-in-law; Brother, brother said uncle, brother-in-law (face to face with husband); Sister-in-law calls each other sister-in-law; Sister-in-law and aunt are called elder sister-in-law and aunt (husband in person); Wife, brother and younger brother are called brother-in-law; Sister-in-law and sister-in-law are called sister-in-law, and sister-in-law and sister-in-law are called brother-in-law (wife in person); Children of uncles, aunts, uncles and aunts are called uncles, aunts, brothers and sisters (called brothers, brothers and sisters in person). For parents' friends, they are called uncles, uncles and aunts. When strangers meet, they call Mr., Master, or uncle, aunt, eldest brother, elder sister and comrade.

be engaged

Engagement: In the old society, marriage was arranged by parents and proposed by matchmakers. Parents agree to each other's marriage according to the conditions of suitable family, incompatibility and similar age. After the engagement, the matchmaker sends the bride price to the woman's house, which is engagement. After the promulgation of the Marriage Law of the People's Republic of China, arranged marriages were cancelled, most of which were made by matchmakers. Men and women meet on a certain day (called "opposite play"), and after the two sides agree, the matchmaker sends the bride price to the woman's house, which is called engagement (also called "engagement"). For people who are in free love, if the man holds a banquet to invite the woman home on a certain day and gives her a gift, it is a formal engagement. From the date of engagement, both men and women formally address each other's parents as "Mom and Dad".

Bride gift: An engagement gift from the man to the woman. The amount of bride price generally depends on family life and local customs. Rich people have many qualities, but poor people have few. Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, most of them were a suit, two pairs of socks, a bag of leather, jewelry, rouge and the like. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the quantity gradually increased and the quality gradually improved. Generally speaking, there are two sets of fabrics, two pairs of socks and a pair of leather shoes, plus 1, 0 1 yuan, which means "one in a hundred". In the 1980s, people gave 100 1 yuan and 100 1 yuan, meaning "one in a thousand" and "one in a thousand".

Marriage: In the old society, marriage was commonly known as "marrying a daughter-in-law". Choose a wedding date before marriage. The day before the wedding, the man's family sent someone to the woman's house to send gifts and cosmetics, which is called "clothes reminder". On the morning of happy birthday or one or two days before, the man sent someone to the woman's house to collect the dowry, commonly known as the "candy box". On the wedding day, the man's relatives and friends come to congratulate him, commonly known as "drinking the wedding banquet" and give money, which is called "giving money to the head of the household" (giving money to the bride). The scarlet letter "Xi" is posted at home and along the only way to greet the bride, and directly posted to the village head from home. Put a big red double "hi" on the door and hang a red one. After breakfast, the groom, accompanied by two men from his own family (commonly known as "welcoming guests with blankets" or "wearing blankets"), took a sedan chair and, led by the drummer, went to the woman's house to marry the bride. The bride waits at home to dress up, the sedan chair arrives at the door, the woman welcomes the new lang in, drinks at the ancestral temple, meets the bride's parents, and after a short banquet, she goes out in the sedan chair first. The bride was masked with HongLing, and her brother helped her to another sedan chair. Two men and two women of the same age (commonly known as "seeing the bride off") accompanied the groom to the man's house. If you encounter temples, wells, strange rocks, etc. on the way. "Welcome guests with a blanket" will shake off the red blanket and cover the body, which is called "ward off evil spirits". Before the bride got into the sedan chair, a child was sent to the bride's house, holding a square plate wrapped in red cloth, on which were neatly placed raw jiaozi as big as walnuts. They are first sent to the groom's house (commonly known as "sending a small meal"), cooked and waiting for the arrival of the sedan chair. When the sedan chair arrived at the head of Nanjia Village, the elders of the groom put a sieve on the top of the bride's sedan chair, then got off the sedan chair, bypassed the village street and got off the sedan chair in front of the groom. Two women welcomed the guests (commonly known as "daughter-in-law") into the bride's sedan chair, fed the bride and helped her out. There is a saddle in front of the sedan chair, and a small sticky cake wrapped in red paper is placed on the saddle. The bride stepped down from the sedan chair with the help of the "daughter-in-law" (the groom pulls the bride with a red ribbon in the southern mountainous area) and stepped on the red carpet paved by the "welcome guest" (the "passbook" made of sorghum straw skin in the southern mountainous area) and came to the yard. The bride and groom worship the memorial tablet facing heaven and earth, which is called "worship heaven and earth". Then go to the main house to worship ancestors and parents; Then it is sent to the bridal chamber, where the bride and groom eat "zongzi" and drink the wedding banquet, and the bride begins to "sit on the bed". The groom is still accompanied by the "carpet welcome" and returns to the bride's house (called "returning relatives"). The bride's family only entertained uncle menstruation's relatives and the head of the family. The bridegrooms recognized them one by one and went back to their homes after the banquet. At the groom's house, guests will be entertained at noon. The bride sits in the middle of the hall, sitting in a specially prepared round-backed chair, accompanied by the groom's female elders, matchmakers, women who welcome guests, women who see them off, etc. In the evening, the villagers went to the "noisy bridal chamber" one after another. Most of the people who make trouble in the bridal chamber are young people, and some are elderly. As the saying goes, "there is no size within three days." On the second or third day, the bride's family sent someone to take her back to her parents' house, named it "moving nine" and returned it in the morning. At the same time, the bride's parents and brothers went to the groom's house, named "Meeting in-laws", and the groom's house hosted a banquet. In the southern mountainous area, the bride and groom go to the woman's house together, and the woman's house holds a banquet at noon and returns in the afternoon.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the customs of getting married in a sedan chair, inviting drummers and worshipping heaven and earth gradually became obsolete. In the 1950s, "cars" (carts pulled by livestock and decorated with colorful sheds) were used for wedding ceremonies. Using bicycles in the 1960s; Tractors were used in the 1970s; In the 1980s, trucks and cars were used. Others travel to get married and hold group weddings.

Dowry: Due to the differences in living standards, the quantity and quality of dowry vary greatly, with the rich having more quality and the poor having less quality. In the old days, common dowry items were cabinets, boxes, boxes, tables, chairs, clocks, mirrors, quilts, mattresses and pillows. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, with the development of society and the improvement of living standards, the grade of dowry is getting higher and higher. In the 1970s, there were wardrobes, chests of drawers, writing desks, bicycles, sewing machines, dressing tables and folding chairs. Most of the bedding is satin. In the middle and late 1980s, high-end products such as tape recorders, televisions, electric fans and refrigerators were common in dowry.

Xie Media: After marriage, the married person gives the matchmaker gifts such as pig's head and wine as a reward.

Tianhou temple fair

According to legend, the 16th day of the first month is the birthday of Tianhou (Poseidon), and Penglai people (especially the northern coastal villages) celebrate it as a festival. At that time, people will flock to the Tianhou Palace in Danyashan from all directions to burn incense, worship, beg for a sign and make a wish, and donate incense money. In rural areas, theatrical troupes and yangko teams are organized to perform folk dramas and yangko in theaters and squares opposite Tianhou Palace. After offering incense to Tianhou Niangniang, people often go to the Tianhou Palace with friends and relatives to watch the drama and yangko, visit Penglai Pavilion and its nearby places of interest, and buy personal favorite commodities in your square until they have a good time. This custom has been passed down to this day.

Fishing Lantern Festival

This festival is popular in six fishing villages in the county, namely Chujia, Chen Jia, Li Jia, Gu Jia, Shawo Sun Jia and Luyang. Festivals are different: the first month in March is the first month of Chu Jia, Shawo Sun Jia and Shanhou Li Jia, and the first month of Chen Jia, Gu Jia and Luyang is in April. At that time, fishermen will send lanterns and offerings to Longwang Temple one after another to pray for peace at sea and a bumper harvest in fisheries. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Longwang Temple was gradually abandoned and replaced by sacrificial boats, fishing lights and firecrackers. In recent years, recreational activities have been held simultaneously.

Folk taboo

During the Spring Festival, jiaozi cooked broken skin, not "broken" or "broken", but "earned". When the steamed bread is cracked, don't say "cracked", say "laughed". Centenarians avoid saying their actual age, but always say they are ninety-nine. When an old man dies, he should say "old" instead of "dead". Middle-aged people should not say "4 1" when reporting their age.

Avoid grinding on the solstice in winter, milling rice on Laba, and unlucky words during the Spring Festival. As the saying goes, "Don't push in winter, wax mill (pronounce ya, that is, rice milling), and talk less on New Year's Day."

During the Spring Festival (between "receiving the gods" and "sending them away"), do not sweep the kang, sweep the floor, pour water and sundries outside the house, borrow money, beat and scold children; Those who wear heavy filial piety are forbidden to pay New Year greetings.

Married women are forbidden to spend the Spring Festival at their parents' home, look at their genealogy, spend the Lantern Festival at their parents' home and have children at their parents' home. Pregnant women should avoid looking at corpses and visiting pregnant women.

When eating, don't put chopsticks on the bowl, turn the dishes, and add water and rice to your backhand. Guests are forbidden to turn over the fish. Don't reverse the abacus in the shop. Young people should avoid drinking wine at the bottom of a bottle.

Avoid visiting patients in the afternoon and evening. Borrow another medicine pot to decoct the medicine, and don't send it after use. The bodies of people who die outside are not allowed to enter the house and must be parked outside the door. When building a house, avoid the fire day, the meridian direction, the street corner, the gully and the window, and the roads all around. If you don't build the east wing, avoid building the west wing. The west wing is more taboo than the east wing. Jianping (roof) building is prohibited on the east side of the hospital, and luxury houses are prohibited on the west side. As the saying goes, "the east is uneven and the west is not rich."

Fishermen should avoid saying such words as "turn", "buckle", "finish", "nothing" and "old". "Turn over" means "step over" or "turn around"; Call the "sail" a "canopy"; "Finished" and "no" are said to be "full"; The word "old" is a respectful name for whales. You can't call people "Lao X" on the boat. Don't buckle the spoon in the pot and all the utensils. Don't urinate at the bow to prevent women from crossing the bow and fishing nets.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, most taboos with superstitious colors were abandoned.

Dialect dialect

Penglai dialect, rich in dialects, has its distinctive characteristics, showing the simple and hearty character of coastal people.

There are many disyllabic adjectives in dialects. For example, the fat one is called big fat, the thin one is called thin, the tall one is called tall, the thin one is called sharp, the small one is called no point, the hard one is called top hard, the soft one is called sparse soft, the thin one is called sparse, the thick one is called thick, the handsome one is called onion handsome, the ugly one is called bad ugly, the black one is called jet black, the bright one is called shiny, the white one is called pretty white, the blue one is called blue, and the red one is called latosolic red. Smell is called pine stink, shame is called Qiao Sao, itching is called sting, suddenly it is called sudden, stingy is called stingy or digging, weak is called bear, smart is called essence, brains are full of monkeys, not so good, oily is called licking, children are called identification, laissez-faire is called search, and so on.

There are many nouns and verbs, such as: the boy is called Page, the girl is called Girl, the steamed bread is called Bobo, the porridge is called rice soup, the rice is called dry rice, the village is called Tuantuan, the sorghum is called Hushu, the corn is called corn, the peanut is called Longguo, the morning is called noon, the afternoon is called noon, the morning is called morning, eating is called bad, and drinking is called.

The above examples are only a part of Penglai dialect, which shows the richness of Penglai dialect. Penglai people will feel very kind if they can talk with friends from afar in dialect. ?