Folk custom of Ewenki nationality?

Ewenki is a nation that can sing and dance well. Ewenki people living in Sama Street will wear national costumes and dance "Nugler" or "Ahanbu" cheerfully and rudely every festival. And a large number of talents such as dance, vocal music and literary creation have emerged.

(1) clothing

In the old days, the clothing of Ewenki hunters in Zhalantun area was mainly made of deerskin and other animal skins. In addition, the summer hat made of birch bark is also a major feature of this national costume. Birch bark hat is a square birch bark rolled into a cone and connected together with hemp thread, which looks like a hat. Mainly used for shading and rain protection.

Today, Ewenki residents wear the same clothes as Han people, but some elderly people still like to wear traditional fur robes. On festive occasions or important occasions, young people wear national costumes, but the fabrics are mostly satin.

(2) Diet

Ewenki hunters like to eat meat, mainly wild animals, mostly roe deer meat, followed by deer, meat, bears and wild boar. There are many ways to eat meat, such as "Dara Garan" (burning meat), throwing meat on a charcoal fire to burn; "Shiralan" (barbecue), the meat is cut into large pieces or strips and cooked in a pot. "Atsuken" (eaten raw), mainly the liver and kidney of roe deer and deer; "Kuhule" (dried jerky), cut the cooked meat into pieces and dry it. Nowadays, Ewenki hunters' diet is gradually similar to that of local Han residents, but they still like to eat wild animals and wild vegetables.

(3) Life

In the past, Ewenki hunters in Zhalantun lived in mountainous areas and near rivers, mainly hunting, and generally lived in "Mukeren". After settlement, the house and interior decoration are basically the same as those of local Han residents.

(4) etiquette

Ewenki people are very polite. The elderly are generally respected by society. When young people meet their elders, they should first salute and offer cigarettes. Sit down and let the elders sit first, drink and ask the elders to laugh, eat meat and let the elders move their knives first and let the elders go first; If riding a horse, dismount and say hello, and then lean sideways to let the old man go first. Young people and old people observe strict etiquette, greet each other and respect each other when they meet. This nation hates bullying the weak.

Ewenki people are very hospitable. They often say, "outsiders don't carry houses." Therefore, whether guests of our own nationality or guests of other nationalities come to our home, the host thinks it is a big deal, warmly lets the guests into the house, lets them sit in the VIP table and offer tea and cigarettes. For tourists from afar, we should also treat them with rich meat and wine.

(5) Surname

Ewenki people are divided into three parts in history, namely Yakutia people who are engaged in hunting production, Tunguska people who are mainly engaged in animal husbandry production and Soren people who are engaged in agricultural production in Nenjiang River basin. Their surnames are derived from the names of their respective clans, which vary according to their places of residence. The main surnames of Ewenki people in Sama Street are: Ogdututun, Nige Zatutun and Jiantu; Ogdu dura mater, Nisu mixed dura mater, Xie Pan dura mater, Zuo Lazhen surnamed Du; Nahata, Buller, Giller, Jane Buller; Samakil Jane's surname is Sa; Mongolian Ledatu and Haig Tedatu are referred to as Dai; What are the surnames of Ogdudu Yin He and Igiri Yin He Jane? Yi Jirui Jane's surname is Yi; Bai ge ri Zhen surnamed Bai; Guarga Jane surnamed Guo and others.

(6) Traditional arts

& gt& gt& gt dance

Ewenki language is also called "Ehler" and "Ehler". The main dances of Ewenki nationality are Ewenki dance, Zhehui cold dance and Adahasi cold dance. These dances have a strong sense of rhythm, powerful movements, harmonious and beautiful foot movements and upper body postures, and rhythmic call signs, which constitute the characteristics of Ewenki dances.

There is also a dance called Nujingle, which is mostly attended by Ewenki women. This dance has powerful movements, strong sense of rhythm, outstanding foot movements and strong Ewenki style.

& gt& gt& gt ballads

Ewenki people have lived in forests, grasslands and fields for a long time, and have created a large number of songs reflecting hunting, gathering, planting, social communication, love between men and women, weddings, funerals and religious ceremonies. -Zanda Ren, including hunting songs, pastoral songs, love songs, wine songs and shaman songs. In addition to runaway songs, boycotting conscription songs, etc. , rich in content. Ewenki ballads are beautiful in metaphor, sincere and touching in lyricism, and simple and bold in verse. The rhythm is mainly alliteration, two sentences and one rhyme. The rhythm of each ballad is changeable and easy to improvise.

(7) Marriage

Ewenki people basically follow monogamy, but the difference is that there are "extraethnic marriages" and "cousin marriages". "Cousins" means that cousins marry each other and have priority in marriage. After marriage, if a woman gives birth to a girl in her husband's family, she likes to marry her uncle's family, commonly known as "returning the bones." The marriage custom in the history of Ewenki nationality is essentially an intermarriage between two clans, and then it gradually developed into an intermarriage with a foreign nationality. Intermarriage with foreigners has long been a custom, and more than half of Ewenki people in samar Street intermarry with foreigners.

Ewenki people have the habit of being adopted by their wives. After many consultations, both parents don't need to give gifts. The man will send the groom to the woman's house, and everyone will have a good time at the bride's house, and the marriage will be over. The adopted wife should sincerely support and honor her parents, and enjoy the right to use and inherit the property of the elderly like her brothers and sisters, and have the right to keep her family name.

Ewenki women choose their spouses not by wealth, but mainly by labor ability, social reputation and moral integrity. They hate infidelity and unfilial, and oppose the inconsistency between words and deeds.

The marriage procedure in Ewenki history can be roughly divided into three stages: proposal, engagement and marriage. When proposing marriage, you must ask a respected matchmaker to come forward, and the marriage can only be confirmed after the urging of the matchmaker. When engaged, the man should send livestock, wine, production tools, gold and silver jewelry, etc. According to their own economic situation, hold a banquet to celebrate and wish each other the joy of engagement; Wedding etiquette is very complicated. Due to different living areas, the Ewenki wedding ceremony in Sama Street is basically the same as the Ewenki wedding ceremony in Nantun, Ewenki Autonomous Banner, which mainly includes building a new house, marrying the bride, making things difficult for the man in good faith, having dinner with the bride and groom, and entertaining guests.

(8) Funeral

From the Qing Dynasty to the early years of the Republic of China, after the death of Ewenki people in this city (flag), they often put them on trees for wind burial, so that the bodies can be hung on branches and buried by cremation or digging holes after landing. After the founding of New China, the funeral customs of Ewenki people in the territory are the same as those of Han people.