Yong Zhengdi dispute in Qing Dynasty?

The most controversial issue in Yong Zhengdi's life is the legitimacy of his succession. It is widely circulated that the testamentary edict made by Kangxi before his death changed from "paying fourteen sons" to "paying four sons", which became a mystery in the Qing Dynasty.

Kangxi's testamentary edict was recently exhibited in Taiwan Province Province. Can Yongzheng be exonerated? Yong Zhengdi acceded to the throne? , has always been a historical mystery, according to unofficial history records, Kangxi in the early morning of November 13th, sixty-one, his condition suddenly deteriorated and he was introduced to his ministers. Wang Sanzi, Wang Qizi, Wang Bazi, Wang Jiuzi, Wang Shizi, Wang Shizi, and eight people, including Long Keduo, head of the infantry and minister of the Yuan Dynasty, all rushed to the front of the imperial couch, and Kangxi issued a letter. At that time, Yin Zhen (Yongzheng) was the fourth son.

After that, Yin Zhen rushed to Changchun Garden where Kangxi was located and met with Kangxi for three times. In the evening, when Kangxi died, Longkeduo read the testamentary edict to Yin Zhen. It is said that he was not prepared to succeed to the throne at that time. All the princes kowtowed to him, but he still stood there. However, it is said that Kangxi's last testament has been tampered with by Yongzheng and Long Keduo, who controlled the situation at that time. The testamentary edict was originally "Fourteen Elder Brothers", but "10" was changed to "Yu". As a result, Yongzheng successfully seized the throne.

This version has been circulated for a long time and has become the subject of many historical stories. At that time, the TV series adapted from February River's masterpiece Yongzheng Dynasty even set off a "Yongzheng fever" when it was broadcast in Hong Kong. However, the Museum of Historical Relics of the Academia Sinica, the highest academic research institution in Taiwan Province Province, which was opened to the public on June 26th, displayed a large number of cabinet relics of the Qing Dynasty, including this testamentary edict formulated by the sage Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, which completely overthrew the theory of changing characters.

The original testament has been officially exposed, and the key sentence is: "I am happy to die. Yin Zhen, the fourth son of Prince Yong, is of high moral character. I'm sure I can inherit the unification and my throne, that is, the emperor should follow the rules. The announcement of the service on the 27 th has been known to foreign ambassadors. " According to this, it is obviously quite different from the rumor that "fourteen sons were transferred". Yongzheng didn't take office. He inherited the unification because of Emperor Kangxi's will, and changed "Ten" into "Yu" without adding two strokes.

Yongzheng's innocence was hard-won, because the testamentary edict was mixed in the archives of the Qing cabinet. It was almost destroyed by fire, but fortunately, it was saved by Fu Sinian, former president of Taiwan Province Provincial University. In the Qing dynasty, the cabinet was the center of the ordinary government, and there were imperial edicts, titles, history books, pornographic books and other documents in the big library. However, the emperors of all dynasties did not set up a Commissioner to manage it, so it was seriously damaged. In the year of Xuantongyuan, due to the collapse of the library wall, a large number of files were prepared to be burned. Fortunately, Luo Zhenyu, the instructor of the department, stopped them and handed them over to the preparation office of Lishi Museum. Later, due to lack of funds, 8,000 sacks were packed and distributed to No.4 Division of Yin and Yang.

Before the risk was mistaken for waste paper, Luo Zhenyu redeemed 12000 yuan. Finally, at the urging of Fu Sinian, then director of the Institute of History of Academia Sinica (who later became the first president of Taiwan Province Provincial University), it was purchased by Academia Sinica and became the most precious first-hand material for studying the history of Ming and Qing Dynasties. Because the archives did not expect to find "treasure" in the initial arrangement, there was a joke in Academia Sinica. Li Ji, then director of the Archaeological Group of the Institute of History and Language of Academia Sinica, said half jokingly, "Is there any evidence that Manchu people did not enter the customs in this batch of archives?" Later, it was confirmed that these files did solve many historical mysteries. In all 2 1 19 14 files, it is not only found that Yongzheng's dismissal from office is not a historical fact, but also found that Li Hongzhang, governor of Zhili and minister of Beiyang in Qing Dynasty, was the second and thirty-sixth champion in the imperial examination in high school when he was young, and the imperial edict of the Qing Dynasty to encircle Zheng Chenggong.

Although the testamentary edict of Kangxi's succession to Yongzheng was made public, which broke the saying that "ten" changed to "Yu", some historians still pointed out that there were still doubts about this controversial succession event. For example, Long Keduo is the key figure in this mystery. He must have been there when Kangxi died. After Yongzheng succeeded to the throne, why did he rack his brains to kill him? Kangxi served personally in his later years? Zhao Chang, who often conveyed Kangxi's orders, was finally killed by Yongzheng.

In addition, Kangxi was buried in Dongling after his death, while Yongzheng lived in Yuanmingyuan for a long time and built Xiling, which seemed to be far away from his father. Historians believe that this unconventional behavior reflects that Yongzheng, who is superstitious, may have done something wrong to his father, so it is not excluded that Yong correctly changed the testamentary edict, but the means are not as simple as folklore.

Before the reference materials were transferred from Cyber X-files, there was a legend that the imperial edict was changed. Later, it was found that the imperial edict was fundamentally different from the legendary words, so it was considered legal, as follows: Among many archival material evidence, the most interesting one was Kangxi's suicide note. It is widely rumored in unofficial history that Yongzheng secretly changed the "fourteen sons" in Kangxi's testamentary edict to "four sons" and seized the throne.

However, in this exhibition, the testamentary edict of Emperor Kangxi's accession to the throne written in Chinese, Manchu and Mongolian clearly reads: "Prince Yin Zhen is a noble man, deeply filial to me, and will certainly inherit the Great Unity and succeed me in the accession to the throne, that is, the emperor's throne ..." This file kept in the First Historical Archives of China shows that it is a folk rumor that Yongzheng secretly tampered with the testamentary edict of Emperor Kangxi's accession to the throne. One of the biggest mysteries in the study of Qing history is the succession of Yongzheng (Yin Zhen). According to that view, Yongzheng carefully planned a plot to usurp the throne before and after Kangxi died of illness.

Recently, the descendants of the royal family discovered that Yongzheng was new evidence of usurpation. According to Beijing Science and Technology News, Aisingiorro Hengyuan, a Shanghai scholar, recently wrote an article in the professional journal Shilin, pointing out that according to the re-interpretation of relevant historical materials, it was found that the succession of the four sons of Emperor Kangxi was not clearly recorded in two Manchu wills. The so-called "eight people receiving face-to-face instruction together" was later forged by Yongzheng; The existing "testamentary edict" was also forged by Minister Longkeduo on the orders of Yongzheng.

In his article, Jin Hengyuan pointed out that Wang Zhonghan, a famous expert in Qing history, made textual research on the Manchu "Kangxi's suicide note" in the First Historical Archives of China, and Wang Zhonghan confirmed that the original was incomplete. In the original Manchu text of Kangxi's Testament, there is no content of "the fourth son of the emperor ... succeeded to the throne". There is no "Yin Zhen, the fourth son of Prince Yong, is a man of noble character". Li Xuezhi, an expert in Qing history who is proficient in Manchu in the Institute of History and Linguistics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiwan Province Province, made textual research on the so-called Kangxi will.

According to his judgment, these were all forged by Yin Zhen three days after the death of Kangxi. Li Xuezhi pointed out that in the process of forging testamentary edict, there was the fact that Long Keduo "drafted" (that is, drafted) testamentary edict. It can be seen that when Kangxi died, Yin Zhen and Long Keduo failed to produce the testamentary edict. Longkeduo was the first person to "dictate" Kangxi's "last words" and the fourth son of the emperor "inherited the Great Unity, that is, the emperor's throne". Moreover, on the second day after Kangxi's death, Longkodo drafted his will alone under the command of Yongzheng. Although it was written by the Ministry of Interior and imperial academy on 16, the manuscript was written by Long Keduo. Jin Hengyuan pointed out in the article that according to historical records, Kangxi "visited the Heaven" around 9 pm on 196 1 year 1 month 13, and "summoned" urgently on the day of his death1until 3 am.

Before Yin Zhen arrived in Changchun Garden, around 7: 00 in the morning, Kangxi had summoned seven princes, including Three, Eight, Thirteen and Longkeduo, into the palace, and announced the decision that "the four sons of the emperor were virtuous" ... and succeeded him as emperor. But these are all evidence that Yongzheng suddenly quoted after seven years as emperor. Jin Hengyuan believes that if Kangxi publicly announced the "May 4th Succession" on the morning of his death, given Yin Zhen's consistent style and fierce struggle for the legitimacy of the accession to the throne, it is absolutely impossible for Yin Zhen to postpone such an important news until seven years later. Therefore, there is only one answer. The statement that "eight people share the same life" is completely perjury fabricated by Yongzheng, Zhang and others.

Jin Hengyuan pointed out that the grand ceremony of the prosperous emperor was very important. The new owner needs to study the plan carefully with the prince, and study the etiquette with the etiquette department, and choose an auspicious day to hold it solemnly. However, Yin Zhen and Long Ke were eager to hold the coat of Emperor Kangxi, with only one purpose, that is, to take the opportunity to call the prince and ministers to the palace at once.