What are the traditional festivals and customs of Mongolians?

the Lantern Festival

Damayin

Maidel Festival

Tackle Gan Jie

Bai Jie (Bai Yue)

Sun hunting festival

Horse milk festival [a custom of Mongolian in Xilinguole grassland]

Animal husbandry festival

Dalilaga

the Lantern Festival

Sacrifice to the mausoleum

the Spring Festival; Chinese New Year

On fire

Threshing floor festival

In Mongolian, it is called "Uturu Motari Huhu". This festival may have evolved from the Animal Husbandry Festival. Mongolians, such as Bahrain Banna, who is engaged in agriculture in the east, often hold auspicious days before threshing. They should wipe the tools used on the threshing floor, recite greetings, offer sacrifices with various foods, kowtow to people engaged in threshing, then toast each other for dinner, and finally carry out various cultural and sports activities.

the Lantern Festival

Lantern Festival is called "Zule" by Mongols, and it falls on October 25th of the lunar calendar. This is a small-scale religious festival. It is said to commemorate Zong Kaba, the founder of Yellow Sect. On this evening, every family set up a wooden frame on the high slope and put on homemade lamps. The wick of this lamp is made of Achnatherum splendens. The number of grass in Ying Ying is determined according to everyone's age. The head of Achnatherum splendens is covered with cotton or wool coated with butter or sheep oil. After lighting the lamp, people turn three times from left to right (if there is a Lama, he will lead), and then sprinkle wine to worship the heavens, kowtow to the Buddha and pray for the Buddha's long life and peace. In each yurt, a small oil lamp made of dough is lit all night, which symbolizes that the world is always bright and people live long.

Damayin

Playing horse seal is a traditional Mongolian festival. It is usually held in Tomb-Sweeping Day or around the Dragon Boat Festival. On the festival day, every time riders trap a fierce horse, a signer will mark the center of the horse's left hip bone. At that time, people will light a spring fire on the designated grassland and choose a shepherd who is highly respected, skilled in riding and branding, and familiar with horse nature. The riders who took part in harness lined up in a row, and then someone presented Hada to them to express their blessing. At this time, Yin Heng was baking red in the fire, shouting to start printing, and the riders immediately surrounded the horses. Suddenly, people called Ma Si, and the hooves thundered. The scene is spectacular. The people watching the harness not only came from the grassland, but also came from all directions, which made the viewers feast their eyes. The Mongolian girl also took the opportunity to choose a lover, and this is the key moment for the young man to show his riding skills. It is said that the Mongols played with horse prints, which originated in the12nd century. According to legend, Genghis Khan printed paper money immediately for the needs of war, representing various ministries. This method is simple and easy to identify, and later it gradually became a great event on the grassland.

Maidel Festival

Maidel Festival is a festival to commemorate Maitreya Buddha, which is celebrated on the 15th day of the first month, with strong religious color. On the day of the festival, Maitreya statues are hung in every yellow temple, and nearby herders come to the temple to offer offerings, burn incense and worship.

If there is a living Buddha in the temple, it will be presided over by the living Buddha, and if there is no living Buddha, it will be presided over by the Dalai Lama. After worshipping the Buddha, everyone, under the leadership of Gu Zida (the flag bearer), carried out traditional Mongolian entertainment activities such as archery, horse racing and afterwords.

Tackle Gan Jie

Mongolian people in Takle Gan Jie hold a large-scale Aobao worship centered on tribes every summer. Aobao is generally placed on hills rich in aquatic plants. The worship of Aobao may come from ancient mountain worship, which is the expression of Mongolian worship of nature. When offering sacrifices to Aobao, herders from the same tribe rode horses and camels and brought wine and meat to the mountain where Aobao was located. At that time, people will first offer Hada, and then the living Buddha or the giant Buddha.

The Lama led the people around Aobao to chant (women can't attend at this time), and may God bless the world and give people peace; If there is drought, pray for rain, so that the earth will be rich in water and grass, and livestock will thrive. After Aobao Sacrifice, traditional Mongolian folk entertainment activities such as horse racing, wrestling and archery began.

Sacrificing Aobao is also an important festival activity. On this day, herders went to Aobao in droves to offer sacrifices. They placed Buddha statues on Aobao, erected prayer flags and offered sacrifices to cattle, mutton and milk together in front of Aobao. Then, pull/horses/children burn incense and light lamps, chanting prayers, and the masses turn around Aobao three times from left to right, hoping to usher in a bumper harvest year for animal husbandry.

Bai Jie (Bai Yue)

Chagansari (meaning Bai Yue or White Festival) is the Mongolian "Spring Festival". Since ancient times, Mongolians have regarded white as a pure and auspicious color. What they worship most is white, so they call the Spring Festival a white festival. Like other ethnic groups in China, Mongolians living in China attach great importance to the Spring Festival. However, due to the different production and living conditions and objective environment, Mongolian people celebrate the Spring Festival, and grassland nomadic culture is very strong. Bai Yue is the most grand festival of Mongolian people every year. This custom can be traced back to the early years of the Yuan Dynasty. When Yuan Shizu Kublai Khan was in power, he attached great importance to white festivals. Italian traveler Kyle Poirot described this in detail in his travel notes.

Sun hunting festival

Japanese hunting festival is a traditional festival held by Mongolian people in Hulunbeier League in eastern Inner Mongolia on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month every year. On the day of the festival, whether it is sunny or cloudy, hunters from all villages will go hunting in the mountains according to traditional habits, riding horses, carrying guns and knives, bringing hounds and "blue" (a wooden hunting tool weighing about one catty, which has a high probability of hitting prey). Hunting on hunting day, we should recommend a respected good hunter as the commander in chief of the siege of Abinda. At the beginning of hunting, hunters entered the paddock in droves from different places and gradually narrowed the encirclement from different directions. Have a picnic at noon. Hunting reached its climax in the afternoon. At this time, the prey gradually concentrated, and the hunters gradually gathered together to compete for hunting skills. A large number of animals became their trophies. When the villagers shouted triumphant return in high spirits, they gathered at the entrance of the village and lined up to welcome the hunters who returned home with full loads.

Horse milk festival [a custom of Mongolian in Xilinguole grassland]

Mongolian traditional festivals are named after drinking kumiss as the main content. Popular in Xilin Gol League in Inner Mongolia and some pastoral areas in Erdos. Usually held in late August of the lunar calendar, the date is not fixed and lasts for one day. In order to celebrate the bumper harvest and bless each other, besides preparing enough kumiss, we also treat guests with "hand-grilled meat", hold horse racing activities, invite folk singers to sing greetings, and present gifts to the elderly of Mongolian medicine. It is said that Nadam Festival originated from this.

Animal husbandry festival

On the 16th day of the first month of each year, Mongolian people engaged in animal husbandry will hold a ceremony for livestock, which is called Animal Festival. In some places, the date is not fixed, and it is chosen from the first month to a day before Qingming. This festival originated very early. On this day, people gather all the livestock together, check their fatness, study the arrangement of receiving lambs and calves, hang five-color ribbons for the raised animals, and invite lamas to recite scriptures. Everyone sat around and made a toast. Set the stove, prepare delicious food, and everyone will have food. Then we held cultural and sports activities, which looked very lively.

Dalilaga

This is an annual feast for making money and entering treasures, and the time is not fixed. When cattle and sheep are fat after autumn, lamas are invited to chant Buddhist scriptures and prepare rich food on auspicious days of the ecliptic. Everyone has food in their hands, recites "Happy Birthday" repeatedly, and then drinks and entertains. Mongolian customs and traditional festivals.

the Lantern Festival

Every year on the 25th day of the Lunar New Year 10, as night falls, every household lights butter lamps to celebrate. Today, most Mongolians in Buksaier Mongolian Autonomous County and emin county have not celebrated the Lantern Festival; In Wusu, Mongolians don't burn lanterns on the Lantern Festival, but use various forms of entertainment. Traditional entertainment activities for the Mongolian people include horse racing, camel racing, wrestling, archery and shooting, tug-of-war, folk singers playing and singing, Ma Touqin playing Jiangge and folk dances. The Mongolian dance in Turhut includes group dance, solo dance, duet between men and women, singing and dancing, which shows the unique characteristics of grassland nationalities.

Sacrifice to the mausoleum

Sacrificing tombs is a traditional festival of Mongolians. It is held every year on March 20th, May15th, September12nd,13rd. "The Secret History of Mongolia" records: "In the spring of that year, when the two wives of Emperor Anbahai, Wolbo and Shahetai, sacrificed their ancestors, the great Oroqen people fell behind and the tea used for the sacrifice did not match." This is the ancestor worship of the early clan tribes. "History of the Yuan Dynasty" contains: "His ancestor worship, sacrifice, and Mongolian witchcraft, covering national customs." This is the ancestor worship of the family. In the third year of Zhiyuan (12 intestinal year), the ancestral hall was built with eight white rooms. Every October, ancestor worship is held in the ancestral temple. In the Ming Dynasty, Mongols also offered sacrifices to Genghis Khan and his "Eight White Rooms". After the mid-Ming Dynasty, the Darhat Department was responsible for offering sacrifices to Genghis Khan, which was called the mausoleum offering. According to traditional customs, sacrifices and ceremonies are held all year round, and herders gather in front of the mausoleum to mourn this famous "generation of Tianjiao" with reverence.

the Spring Festival; Chinese New Year

The annual festival of Mongolians is mainly Spring Festival, which Mongolians call "New Year". In ancient times, Mongolians called the Spring Festival a "white festival". Nowadays, people call the first month of the lunar calendar "Bai Yue". Mongolians worship blue and white, regard blue as their own nation and white as a symbol of purity, auspiciousness and sacredness. "White Festival" and "Bai Yue" are said to be related to drinking white milk every day, which means congratulations on the Spring Festival and good luck. Bai Yue is a time for people to get together.

On fire

Torch Festival, also known as Fire Worship Festival. Mainly from the ancient Mongols' worship of fire.

The ignition ceremony was held on the evening of February 23, 65438. It may be influenced by the sacrifice of the 23rd twelfth lunar month of the Han nationality. However, Mongolia has had the custom of using fire for sacrifice since ancient times.

This is the prelude to the Lunar New Year. Before the fire sacrifice begins, the whole family goes to the yard (some are in front of the fire pit, some are in front of the stove), and the chief priest (the elders in the family) must first put up sacrifices to burn incense. Then take one.

Bundles of firewood were lit, and sacrifices such as butter, white wine and meat (beef and mutton) were thrown into the fire. Led by the elders, the whole family kowtowed to the fire. The priest also prayed for the blessing of Vulcan and threw some unclean things into the fire. Please forgive Vulcan, and bless the harvest of crops, the prosperity of people and animals, and good luck and happiness in the coming year.