Folk life in Nanyuan ancient village

Pan Shi clan in Nanyuan ancient village paid special attention to ancestors by offering sacrifices to ancestors of heaven and earth instead of religion. In addition to the sacrifices at 4: 00 and 8: 00, there are also sacrifices to tombs and shrines. When you travel abroad, you must worship your ancestors first, and the bride must worship her in-laws before she can become a member of the family.

Most villagers in Nanyuan ancient village have incense shrines at home. On the first and fifteenth day of each month, their families will burn incense in front of the house to worship. Generally, there are eight diagrams or various amulets painted on the beams of the halls of houses, and Gankun carvings on the doorframes. Some doors are hung with gossip or mirrors, and some doors are pasted with door gods, which are said to ward off evil spirits.

3. The social change track of customs and ceremonies such as childbirth, schooling and marriage.

Nanyuan ancient village, which has experienced historical vicissitudes, still inherits many rich folk customs, such as birth ceremony, leaving the garden, pen opening ceremony, wedding ceremony and other customs and ceremonies.

Birth etiquette: In the old society, pregnancy was called happiness, and when a baby was born for three days, it was necessary to be a "three dynasties". Give the child a bath first, invite the midwife to dinner, and grandma will send a rooster, eggs, noodles, glutinous rice flour and so on. And make "three dynasties wine" to entertain grandma and in-laws. When the baby is born for one month, it is a "full moon". Grandma will send a rooster (a big capon in many places), eggs, clothes, quilts, silver bracelets and so on. For the baby. Female relatives, such as uncles, aunts and aunts. Generally send chicks, eggs, clothes, cloth, etc. There are also male in-laws such as aunts and grandfathers who will also come to celebrate. The birth of a child100th day is also celebrated. On this day, the grandfather and uncle of the woman's family will celebrate with a rooster, and other relatives usually give the baby red envelopes. When the child is one year old, he should be a "week" to celebrate the child's "week". The first birthday is more grand than the full moon, and more guests come to celebrate.

Opening ceremony: "Opening ceremony" is an enlightenment education form that allows children to enter the learning stage of life and infiltrate educational psychology. The students put on long official uniforms and proud "official hats". They walked up the blue brick avenue, crossed the crescent door which means "yue longmen" and entered the blue brick lobby which means "Climbing high and looking far". Then they listened to the story of Confucius' first teacher, bowed to Confucius and accepted it. The first teacher used cinnabar to draw a red mole on the children's forehead, which is also commonly known as opening the eyes of the sky. She led the children to recite the three-character classics and painted them red with copybooks, and gave each child celery and onions, which meant that these children were smarter and more diligent from now on!

Going out of the garden: There are two kinds of adult rituals of Hakka: male and female. Men's adult ceremony is called "crown ceremony" and women's adult ceremony is called "ceremony". When boys and girls reach the age of 16 (nominal age), they should choose an auspicious day to leave the garden as an adult ceremony.

Wedding Etiquette: Weddings generally imitate the ancient "Six Rites". Matchmaker In the past, young Hakka men and women could ask a matchmaker to introduce their marriage after they were sixteen. Generally, the man's parents entrust the woman's home as a matchmaker, and some women's homes let the matchmaker visit the man's home first. Both men and women talk through the central media. If both parties are interested, they will agree on a time to "meet their sister". After both parties agree, they will tell each other the date of birth. When you go back, please ask the fortune teller to "check the eight characters". If the eight characters hit it off and don't collide with each other, write a Geng post (common name wedding list) and put it on the incense table. If there is no writing on the wall in three days, the marriage will be settled. Engagement is also called "big marriage". Young men and their parents will go to the woman's house to deliver pigs, fish and meat. , and the woman's parents, brothers and sisters, uncles and grandparents will appear. After lunch, girls will come out to meet and call each other "parents" and "parents-in-law" and "mother". The woman will also visit the man's house, some in front of the "big tie" and some behind it. In addition to girls and parents, women will go to their aunts and sisters. A dozen people, large and small, don't bring gifts, even if they bring a little, the man is afraid to pick them up. After the marriage is settled, the man should ask the fortune teller to choose a date to go home, including the date and time when the bride goes out and the time when she goes home. In addition, the date when the woman cuts the red skirt and the man makes the bed should also be chosen at the same time. One or two days after the bride goes through the door, the man's family should ask the blood relatives to send the bride price and the fish, meat, poultry, noodles and other things stipulated in the red list to the woman's family, and bring the makeup, furniture and other bride price back to the man's family when they come back. On the day before the wedding, the man's family will go to the woman's house to pick up relatives, including a drummer band, firecrackers, a sedan chair, a censer (going to the woman's ancestral temple, temples and social workers to burn incense), a porter, a chicken guide (a male and a female) at one end, wine and Song Ming at the other end, and the woman will bring the clothes worn by the bride and a wooden basket. When the parents arrive, they eat snacks first, and then they take them to the ancestral temple to burn incense to worship their ancestors. At noon or in the evening, the woman's family will hold a banquet. The bride usually leaves at midnight or midnight. She is getting brighter and brighter, which symbolizes that she is moving towards the light. If she had gone out at night, she wouldn't have had such unlucky things as carrying a coffin. In front of the wedding procession are lanterns, followed by drummers, sedan chairs in the middle, and people who accept the wedding ceremony in the back. When the bride arrives at the man's house, she will wait at the gate or the house next door if she hasn't arrived at the prescribed time. The introductions are usually at 7: 00 or 8: 00 in the morning, and some even have to wait until noon. When entering, the bride will kick open the door of the sedan chair, and the man's bridesmaid will lead the bride out of the sedan chair and then "cross the fire" at the gate. Before entering the gate, the bride will cross the fire with fir branches. After the bride entered the hall with the drums, she began to worship. There are incense tables in the hall, with parents and elders in the east, consorts in the west, relatives in the north and younger generations in the south. Before meeting the bride, the husband will hang red on the groom and cover him with a five-foot red cloth. I read aloud: "I have five feet of red in my hand, and I only beat the groom, so that the groom can have a son and his son can be the champion." During the ceremony, the groom stood on the left and the bride stood on the right. Li Sheng called: first, to worship the heaven and the earth; second, to worship the ancestors; third, to pay homage to Gaotang; fourth, to pay homage to relatives; and finally, to give the bride a red envelope. After the ceremony, the bridesmaid led the bride into the new house with red roses, and the bride and groom scattered wedding candy from the door to the hall with firecrackers. Then the bride and groom propose a toast. The maid of honor held a plate of chicken and said while drinking: "Round and round, beads on the wall" and "Guanyin gave birth to your son early"; Husband and wife make up and grow old together. Hold a banquet at noon, eat a wedding banquet, invite guests with firecrackers, once every half hour, and let the banquet ring three times when you start sitting. Then, the gift students signed up for the table, and two people took the table. According to seniority and personal relationship, arrange them to sit at the table first, and then others can sit at the table casually. The male and female guests are seated separately, and the bride and groom want to propose a toast. Some people make trouble in the lobby, some people make trouble in the new house, some people make trouble in the lobby first and then in the new house. During the noisy period, firecrackers will be set off every few minutes until midnight. The back door is also called "turnstile". Generally, on the third or fifth day after marriage, the woman sends the bride's sisters and other women to invite the bride and groom to be guests. The matchmaker and the bride and groom also go together, have lunch and come back the same day. One month after the wedding, the bride's family will come to send the full moon, as well as chickens, vegetables, seeds, seeds and beans. It means that the grain is abundant and the fortune is prosperous.

Today, the traditional practices of content ceremonies, such as birth ceremony and leaving the garden, remain, and some of them have been simplified. And the opening ceremony, this kind of etiquette is not common. In terms of weddings, some ancient procedures have undergone some changes and have been replaced by modern wedding models.

Hakka folk songs: Hakka folk songs are folk songs sung in Hakka dialects. They inherited the traditional style in the Book of Songs, were deeply influenced by the Tang poetry and Zhi Zhu's ci, and at the same time absorbed the excellent elements of folk songs from all over the south. It has been widely circulated for thousands of years and has been sung for a long time. Hakka folk songs have various forms and rich contents. In addition to "love songs", there are labor songs, exhortation songs, industry songs, opera songs, kua songs, metaphysical songs, banqu songs, riddle songs and guessing tunes, minor songs, bamboo songs and so on. The structure of all kinds of lyrics is roughly the same, with four sentences and seven words. Every sentence, two sentences and four sentences are rhymes, and the word structure is rigorous; Rhyme is strict; Visualization; Spoken language; Diversity is very popular with the public. A folk song named "Hakka A-mei Coming" fascinated the villagers. The male voice was vigorous and the female voice was crisp, which was unforgettable after listening carefully. Now Hakka folk songs have been listed as intangible cultural heritage in Guangdong.

Nanyuan Ancient Village was developed and established as a tourist attraction by Hong Guang Village Committee. After being listed as a tourism poverty alleviation project in Guangdong Province, the village committee takes the development of tourism as a platform to deeply explore and promote Hakka culture. In order to achieve the purpose of protecting Hakka dwellings, it adheres to the principle of "protection first, careful development and no destruction". Today, the ancient buildings that are well preserved and still in use include old buildings, new buildings, old yamen, new yamen, Dafu, Xiadi Hall and other ancient houses. In the future, we will earnestly strengthen overall planning, effectively protect and rescue the cultural heritage of ancient villages, and vigorously build cultural brands with rich connotations, characteristics and charm.

Nanyuan ancient village has many ancient buildings in Ming and Qing Dynasties. In order to get better protection, the scenic spot has adopted a rolling development mode of "development, reception and benefit". After more than a year of development, it has begun to operate externally, with obvious benefits. Successfully developed the Hakka cultural square, the old yamen, the new yamen, the ruins of the ancient artillery building, the doctor's brother, Liuxi Academy and other attractions. More than 300 families who used to live in famous government houses and businessmen's houses have moved out of the village one after another, and some mud fields have been rebuilt or restored to become cultural activities places for the elderly. Old people and amateur literature lovers often get together and play and sing happily.

Although rural life is becoming more and more modern, this ancient village still retains many traditional things, the most spectacular of which is the "Lantern Festival" ceremony parade during the Lantern Festival every year (the 13th and 14th of the first month). During the activity, the householder who gave birth to a boy last year came out to March with lanterns. There are gongs and drums in front of each team, followed by lion dances, all the way to the ancestral hall. Along the way, firecrackers exploded, and the atmosphere was extremely festive and warm, attracting local and four-country, six-mile tourists to watch. For thousands of years, traditional culture and folk activities have been spreading, keeping pace with the times and shining with the colors of the times.

In 2003, Hong Guang Village Committee adhered to the strategic policy of "protection first, rational utilization, inheritance and development" and put the rescue, protection and development of Nanyuan ancient village on the important agenda. With the support and attention of the party, government and tourism departments in provinces, cities and counties, Nanyuan Ancient Village has been listed as a tourism poverty alleviation project in Guangdong Province. In order to effectively strengthen the protection, construction and management of ancient villages, Hong Guang Village Committee attached great importance to it, defined the main body of ancient village tourism development, and established the ancient village tourism development committee. At the same time, do a good job in the overall tourism development planning of Nanyuan ancient village, rely on the "ancient style" of the ancient village, give priority to protection, repair the old as the old, and build a Hakka folk house museum with Hakka cultural characteristics. At the same time, we should make great efforts to collect, excavate and integrate the cultural materials of ancient villages. Under the guidance of literature and history experts, enthusiastic people in the village were hired as literature and history researchers, responsible for the collection and collation of literature and history materials in ancient villages, and completed more than 20 thousand words of literature and history materials. Some villagers also provided many important cultural relics, such as imperial edict stone carvings, couplets and plaques collected over the years, which contributed to the protection of the cultural heritage of ancient villages.

At present, the protection and development of Nanyuan ancient village is in the exploration period after all. Focusing on the overall idea of "protection first", we will speed up the development of ancient village tourism and build Nanyuan ancient village into a tourist attraction with profound cultural heritage, integrating Hakka cultural traditions and ecological leisure culture, which is deeply loved by tourists at home and abroad. At present and in the future, we will combine these three aspects in light of local conditions. First of all, we should closely combine the promotion of personal culture with refined management. It is necessary to closely follow the individual connotation of Hakka culture and explore and design a number of products with distinctive features and core competitiveness, such as the architectural scenery of Nanyuan ancient village official residence, eating Nanyuan cuisine, living in Nanyuan folk houses, buying Nanyuan specialties and enjoying Jiajiajia folk songs. Promote the tourism culture of Nanyuan ancient village from many angles and seek new breakthroughs. Secondly, participatory cultural experience is closely combined with the extension and appreciation of tourism products. Based on the existing remains, we will build a film and television base with the theme of "Hakka history", expand the integration channels of cultural industry and tourism economy, and revitalize cultural relics resources. Third, building and promoting the construction of a new socialist countryside are closely integrated. Relying on the history of Nanyuan ancient village, we should develop cultural tourism industry, improve reception conditions, do a good job in the cultural construction of scenic spots, improve sanitary conditions, promote the overall construction of the village, optimize, beautify and purify the hardware environment in the village, and strive to turn resource advantages into economic advantages.