What was the rite of passage for men in the Tang Dynasty?

The rite of passage is the coronation ceremony, which is a symbol that the coronation person is recognized as independent by the society or clan. When the rite of passage was popular in the Tang Dynasty, people first needed to choose the auspicious day for coronation with birthdays and a child, and through certain ceremony procedures, the people who held the rite of passage changed their childhood clothes and hair accessories into adults. In addition, according to certain regulations, parents will also invite local respected elders or teachers to take messages for their children and give them good greetings. Crown gift is a gift of Han nationality. This is a rite of passage for the Han people. Adult ceremony originated from primitive society and has a history of thousands of years. The crown ceremony of the Han nationality has a strong Chinese flavor and is the most representative in the cultural circle of Chinese characters. Crown ceremony refers to young men and women who reach a certain age and are mature enough to get married, and then participate in various activities as adults of the clan. The rite of coming of age (also known as the rite of coming of age) is only recognized when clan elders hold certain ceremonies for young people according to tradition. The coming-of-age ceremony of the Chinese nation is a coronation ceremony for men and a gift for women. According to the book, it was carried out in the Zhou Dynasty. According to the weekly system, men are crowned at the age of 20, but in order to take charge of state affairs as soon as possible, the Emperor of Heaven salutes earlier. Legend has it that Zhou Wenwang was crowned at the age of twelve and became king at the age of fifteen. The ancient coronation ceremony was held in the ancestral temple in February. Ten days before the coronation, the recipient should first indicate an auspicious day. If there is no auspicious day in ten days, the auspicious day in the next ten days will be chosen. Then inform relatives and friends of auspicious days. Three days before the coronation ceremony, the distinguished guests who presided over the coronation ceremony were elected by oath, and a "crown praise" was elected to assist the coronation ceremony. When saluting, the host (usually the father of the recipient), distinguished guests and the recipient should wear formal clothes. First add a crown, then give it a leather coat, and finally give it a title. After each coronation ceremony, the distinguished guests will read a congratulatory message to the recipients. The main idea of the congratulatory message is: on this beautiful and auspicious day, I will put on adult clothes for you; Please give up children's ambitions and cultivate adults' sentiments; Maintain dignity and cultivate virtue; I wish you a long life, lucky strike. Then, the recipient visits his mother. Then the distinguished guest answered the phone for him. In the Zhou Dynasty, characters were usually called "Bomou Mansion" (Bo, Zhong, Shu and Ji, depending on the level). Then the host sent the distinguished guests to the temple gate to make a toast. At the same time, give him a bundle of silk skins (five silks and two deerskins) and then offer meat. Those who get the crown put on their hats and dresses to visit the monarch and hold a ceremony of reeds (pheasants, etc. ) visit the township doctor, etc. If the father has passed away, the recipient of the crown should make a sacrifice to his father to show that the coronation ceremony will be completed before his father. After the sacrifice, I visited my uncle and then had a meal. This ceremony of conferring a crown, choosing words and meeting a gentleman changed from time to time and from place to place in later generations. It is held among people aged fifteen to twenty, and it varies from place to place. After the mid-Qing dynasty, it was mostly held a few days before marriage or the day before. In some areas, since the Song Dynasty, the ceremony was simple, and guests were not entertained, but only in their own homes or within their own scope. "Erie. Shi Guanli "Jia Shu:" The princes are twelve and crowned. If the son of heaven is with the princes, he will be crowned at the age of twelve ... "Da Dai Li said," Wang Wensheng is in Boyi ",and Zuo Zhuan said," When you are crowned, you will have children and you will be honored. " "Erie. Housekeeping ceremony: "First add (crown) wishes:' Make the moon auspicious, then take Canadian dollars, abandon young words, and be virtuous. Life is just a test, and it is a blessing to introduce you. He also said: "The order is smooth, honorable, and the virtue of Shu." . Long live the eyebrows and bless you forever. Sanjia said, "By year, by month. "。 Xian Jia Er Fu. Only when brothers are present can we become virtuous, and the situation is boundless and celebrated by heaven. "Song Zhuxi Zhuzi Chinese Class" Volume 89: "The coronation ceremony is a family matter, how difficult is it? How difficult is it to put a scarf crown on a child after closing the door? "The main features of Hanfu are overlapping and right overlapping. Instead of buttons, they are tied with ropes, giving people a free and easy feeling. These characteristics are obviously different from the costumes of other nationalities. Hanfu can be divided into formal clothes and regular clothes. From the shape point of view, there are mainly three kinds: "top and bottom clothes" (ancient top refers to bottom skirt), "deep clothes" (top and bottom clothes are sewn together) and "skirt" (short clothes). Among them, the coronation under the coat is the most solemn and formal dress for emperors and officials; Robes (deep clothes) are generally worn by officials and scholars, while skirts are worn by women. Ordinary working people generally wear short clothes and trousers. ""Zuo Zhuan Ding Gong Ten Years "Shu Yun:" China has a big gift, so it is called Xia; The beauty of the clothes is called China. "Even after the Tang Dynasty, people still used' Chinese clothes' to distinguish' Hu clothes', such as' Chinese clothes are gloomy, bows are luxuriant grass'. The so-called "ceremony of releasing the libation" simply means offering sacrifices to teachers and sages according to certain ceremonies. In the Tang Dynasty, Confucius was regarded as a saint, and Yan Hui was revered. In the Tang Dynasty, the Snow Temple was widely built. During the Mid-Autumn Festival in the Spring and Autumn Period, a "ceremony to release the libation" was held in the Snow Temple, which was mainly presided over by local officials. Sometimes the emperor will visit the site of the "interpretation ceremony" and listen to lectures in the temple. On the basis of Northern Qi Dynasty and Sui Dynasty, the libation ceremony in Tang Dynasty had its advantages and disadvantages, but it integrated the system of Southern Dynasties in specific details. Imperial academy, the Six Classics of the Tang Dynasty, says, "Every half month in the Spring and Autumn Period, it was Yan Hui, the predecessor, who gave the wedding to his father, sage and matchmaker. Seventy-two disciples of the first Confucianism and twenty-two sages worshipped Yan. Sacrifice to the prison, enjoy singing songs of Xuanxian County and dancing with six girls. "These regulations do not conflict with the original etiquette system in the Han Dynasty, and are even more detailed and precise. But in the process of saluting, it showed completely different characteristics from the previous generation. The Book of the Old Tang Dynasty recorded several libations in the Tang Dynasty in detail. One is martial arts for seven years, and Gao Zu "fortunately learned the country, he will personally drink." "Those who lead Taoist and shaman studies can hardly be refuted by doctors. It takes a long time. " Later, another sentence was added to the Scholars: "Xu talked about the Book of Filial Piety, Shaman Huicheng talked about the Book of Borough, and Taoist Liu Jinxi talked about Laozi." First, in February of the following year, the Yongtai Buddhist Scripture Interpretation Ceremony was held to "make Jing, cook food, gather Confucianism, Taoism and monks, and ask Jing for a day". First, in August of the same year, the stone classic "Beijing Zhaofu Shopping Talk ... and a mixed party in Jiao Fang Yuefu ended in one day. "The Book of the New Tang Dynasty also recorded two sacrificial ceremonies in Yongtai in the second year, namely" offering food at Jingzhao "and" offering music at the inner corner "... and gave tens of millions of dollars and took money to eat a meal. Yin Cheng, his biography of Confucianism, said: "Every time you release a drink, you can tell the difference between the three religions." Compared with the previous generation, the interpretation of the libation ceremony in the Tang Dynasty has a characteristic, that is, it not only talks about Confucian classics, but also discusses classics and righteousness with the two schools of Buddhism and Taoism. It is no wonder that Lin Kun, a poet in the Song Dynasty, commented in The Origin: "The people of the Tang Dynasty have the name of respecting the classics, but they don't know how to respect the saints. The Bible is mixed with old explanations. So, the high-impedance put wine, Futu Huicheng and Taoist Liu Jinxi had to talk to khaw boon wan and Lu Deming. Gao Zong invited Li Yuanzhi to give lectures with the alchemist and pagoda. " Advocating equal respect for the three religions did not begin in the Tang Dynasty. Wu Liang, a Buddhist, has a poem about the three religions, which advocates Buddhism and Taoism. However, The Classic of Poetry is a great gift of Confucianism, and the lectures before the Tang Dynasty were limited to Confucian classics.