Steps and costumes of weddings in Sui Dynasty

Women's wear in Sui Dynasty is characterized by high waist, generally above the waist, and some even tied under the armpit, giving people a pretty and slender feeling.

Ethnic minorities living in the northwest of North China in the Sui Dynasty often wore small sleeve robes and trousers with small mouths. Folk women wear blue skirts. Women wear Milo to cover their faces when they go out. This kind of dress absorbed and integrated the artistic characteristics of Hu fu in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, which had a great influence on women's clothing in the Tang Dynasty. Sui Dynasty officials can follow the coachman when they wear trousers and pleats from the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Women in Sui Dynasty often wore small sleeve's long skirt with high waist, which was tied above the chest. The hair style is flat and wide, such as wearing a hat, or making three cakes with flat clouds overlapping, and the forehead hair is shaved neatly. Small sleeve tops worn by ladies in Sui Dynasty are often lapel-style. Attendants, handmaids and musicians wear small sleeve shirts, long skirts with high waists, draperies and silk over their shoulders. Comb your hair in a double bun.

Prenuptial ceremony → Ask your name → Najib → Receive → Invite? After the wedding ceremony (the ceremony of becoming a woman), women see menstruation → menstruation menstruation → women feed menstruation? Wedding reception → bride ceremony → wedding ceremony → the rest of the ceremony.

Three books:

When it comes to marriage, "Six Rites" often appear together with "Three Books". The contents of the "three books" are not weekly: employment letters are jointly created by men and women. When Najib (Guo) is used. Gift book: Gift book is a list of gifts, which lists the types and quantities of gifts in detail. When receiving the letter of credit (gift), use the marriage certificate: that is, the book for marrying the bride. For picking up the bride on the wedding day. Before the wedding, discuss the wedding immediately, and the man sends an envoy to the woman's house to propose marriage. Adopt geese as gifts. There are three symbolic meanings of taking the goose as a gift: 1. Goose is a migratory bird, flying south in autumn and returning north in spring. Sometimes it comes and goes, never losing the season, so it is used to symbolize the unswerving symbol of both men and women. 2. Wild geese are things that follow the sun, and they move in an orderly way. When migrating and flying, the geese line up in a row, with the strong geese leading, the young and the weak following and never crossing. Applying this principle to marriage, young and old will get married in order, not exceeding the order. 3. The male goose and the female goose shall be well, symbolizing loyalty and growing old together (later developed, lamb, white goose, acacia, glue paint, etc. Also used as a gift).

Q. Name

After the man asked the woman for permission, he asked the name of the musical instrument festival, so that he could predict whether he would get married or not and how bad it would be when he came back. Ask the name is generally the name of the woman, rank, date of birth, etc. , development to later generations is called change Geng post. This process is also equivalent to engagement. As the old saying goes, "Men call their names and women call their words", and women's names cannot be easily revealed. The meaning of asking names is obvious.

Najib

The purpose of asking the name is to prepare for Najib. In Li Yishi's Soul, it is a good omen to return to the temple, and then an emissary is sent to inform it. In other words, after the man asked the name, he used tortoise shells to predict the birth, both men and women. If he gets a good omen, he will predict the auspicious result and hold a wedding in a week.

Send messengers with geese to the woman's house to report good news, which is called betrothal in later generations, and the gift is like a gift. After Najib, the marriage was officially confirmed. Later, the people changed Najib's name to marriage. It is to combine the zodiac signs and birth dates of both men and women to see if the zodiac signs are compatible and whether the eight characters match. Najib uses geese just like Nacai.

Zheng Na

Paying taxes and fees is often the key to the six major weddings. The book "The Wedding of Yi Li the World" said: "The levy was also successful, so that the messenger paid the money to get married." It means that the sender received money for the wedding, so it is called a big gift or a big gift. After the conscription, the marriage entered the formal preparation stage. The dowry of the Zhou dynasty "when a woman marries a wife, money is pure silk, and there is no difference between five and two." The scholar-officials tied silks with Meng Xuan, and the emperor gave them a big hug. " The dowry of Zhou system takes its symbolic meaning, and it doesn't value economic value like later generations. Money, which means colored silk, is the origin of the so-called "bride price" in later generations. It can be seen that the bride price in the pre-Qin period was very simple, and the literati only used five or two colored silk and a pair of deerskin. But in later generations, the connotation of bride price will be much more practical, including ornaments, silks and satins, livestock or cash. The bride price began to become a status issue, which was difficult to decide. At this point, the symbolic meaning of Zhou Li's bride price has changed to take justice for profit. There are nine kinds of bride price in Sui and Tang Dynasties, including Albizia Albizia, Jiahe, Ejiao, Jiuzipu, Zhu Wei, Shuangshi, cotton powder, longevity flower and dry lacquer. I wish the couple a long-term love. The wedding ceremony is decided by the man, and then the woman is officially informed. In the evolution of weddings in later generations, there were three kinds of ceremonies: urging makeup, sending makeup and making room, which were not recorded in the documents of pre-Qin dynasty. When his father died, the groom took the wine and gulped it down, so he set out to marry the bride. The woman's parents held a banquet in the temple and greeted her new husband outside the door. My husband made a gift out of goose. Give way to each other, and the son-in-law will worship again. In the Zhou Dynasty, couples were greeted by carriages, and in the Song Dynasty, couples gradually began to sit in sedan chairs. After leaving the temple gate, drive the bride. When the bride gets on the bus, she must personally hand in the lead rope for getting on the bus and take good care of her. Then the groom drove the carriage by himself, let it turn three times, and then gave it to the coachman to ride in another carriage. When you get to the door, the groom will get off and wait. After the bride's car arrived, the groom led the bride into the house, and the bride entered the house, and the prenuptial ceremony came to an end. Formal wedding refers to the formal wedding ceremony held after the bride is received by the man. There are several main items, such as paying homage to the church (there is no weekly stupa ceremony), washing, sitting at the table, getting married with the supervisor, and making beds for the rest.

(of the bride and groom) salute to heaven and earth.

There is no wedding ceremony this week. Sima Guang's "Documents": "In ancient times, couples paid homage without documents. Today, the ancestors of the secular world saw it, and it is reasonable to pay homage. Cannot be abolished. " It can be seen that the memorial ceremony in the Song Dynasty has been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. In addition to paying homage to husband and wife, there were also ceremonies to pay homage to heaven and earth in the Yuan Dynasty, that is, first to pay homage to heaven and earth, then to pay homage to parents in-laws and finally to pay homage to husband and wife. This is a three-worship ceremony handed down today. Refers to the cleanliness of the hands and faces of newcomers before they sit down. The traditional etiquette of the Han nationality attaches great importance to the sense of cleanliness. The weekly toilet etiquette is to use the card to wash together.

Opposite seat

After the wedding ceremony, the newlyweds should sit opposite each other, which is called sitting opposite each other. The position of the opposite seat, male in the west and female in the east, means that Yin and Yang are gradually merging. "Being in the same prison" means that newlyweds eat the meat of the same livestock. Couples get married when they drink when they make a cup. Note-they just exchange cups instead of drinking hand in hand like many misleading costume dramas. The original meaning of combination is to break the melon in half and then combine it into one. Divide into two parts and hold the wine separately. At first, when we used melons, it was bitter. It must be bitter when we use it to hold wine. Being split in two symbolizes that the new couple will be combined because of the wedding. Therefore, the couple * * * drinking, not only symbolizes that the husband and wife are a family, but also will always have a beautiful wedding.

It also contains the meaning of letting the bride and groom share joys and sorrows. This is the most social part of the wedding. This is an essential ceremony for every newly married couple when they get married. The ceremony of tying the knot has been passed down to later generations and developed into a feast. "Eating a wedding banquet" has become the abbreviation of folk wedding. The banquet is simple and complicated, but the main significance lies in the recognition of marriage by relatives and friends.

Put the rest aside.

This is the so-called bed closing ceremony, officially becoming husband and wife. The bride's undressing is accepted by the waiter, the groom's undressing is accepted by the waiter, and the groom takes off the bride's hijab. At this moment, the waiter came out with a candle. Since then, both men and women have officially become husband and wife. Wedding Ceremony The wedding ceremony makes the bride become a member of the man's family and merge with the relatives of the man's family, so it is also called "wedding ceremony". There are three main ceremonies for becoming a woman: meeting menstruation, feeding menstruation and entertaining menstruation. The wife calls her husband's father "uncle" and her husband's mother "aunt". The next morning after marriage, the bride got up early to take a bath. The bride is waiting outside her parents' bedroom door with a bamboo vessel filled with dates, chestnuts and other things. Sheng has the meaning of "jujube" getting up early, "chestnut" trembling and "nurturing" inspiring.

Fu hui JIU gu

According to the Book of Rites, a woman's gift of "giving her aunt and uncle" comes after the gift of "seeing her aunt and uncle". The bride personally serves her in-laws for dinner, and after her parents finish eating, the woman symbolically eats the leftovers of her in-laws to show her respect and filial piety. After that, there was a ceremony of "making love with menstruation". Another way of saying it is "love for aunt", which means that on the third day after the bride enters the door, she will cook in the kitchen to love her aunt. Weekly wedding

To show that from now on, I will host feedback to do my filial piety. In the Tang dynasty, there was "the third day, cooking instead of me, washing hands to make bride soup;" I concluded that it was not my mother-in-law, the first time my sister-in-law tasted it. This custom should be the evolution and development of later generations. After the "wife gives aunt", the in-laws rinse their mouths for the bride and give her a "gift" to show the care of their elders. A kind of offering: first, the host gives the wine baron to the guest, which is called "offering"; The second time, the guest retaliated, called "Yao"; After the host pours the wine into the wine bowl or glass, he drinks it himself first, and then advises the guests to drink it with him. This is called "reward". Together, they are called "gifts". In the process of "sacrifice", there are steps to wash the knight. My father-in-law washes knights in the south and my mother-in-law washes knights in the north. Don't step down after the gift is finished. Book of rites? Notes in "Faint Righteousness": "Jueming, Aunt * * * gave her wife, and she went down to Xitai first, and her wife fell to the ground, so she took her place." According to the old residential structure, the West Stage is the guest seat and the Ji Lang Stage is the main seat. The bride came down from the stage in Ji Lang, indicating that she was given a room to act as a housekeeper's agent.

I saw a woman in the temple.

The ceremony of seeing the bride in the temple is "the bride worships her ancestors"-three months after marriage, the husband chooses a day to lead the bride to the ancestral temple to worship her ancestors, to show that the woman has officially become a member of her husband's family since then. Since then, the ceremony of becoming a woman (and the "wedding ceremony") has been completed. * The difference between "married woman" and "married wife": "married woman" refers to being a man's daughter-in-law and "married wife" refers to being a man's wife. Wang Zhong, Zheng Zhen and other Qing Confucianism carefully textual research "Yili? The ceremony and title of "Faint Ceremony" also analyzes the possibility of engagement and dissolution of engagement from "Zeng Ziwen", aiming at exploring: When was the marriage relationship established? Because they were concerned about a very serious social problem at that time: "keep your body as jade." Chastity is the so-called widowhood. When a woman is engaged, her fiance dies before she walks in the door. Can such a "married woman" marry another husband's family? Or do you have to marry and raise your in-laws and adopt a child to inherit the incense? Buried with that man? Basically, people who advocate virginity say that they think being a wife is more important than being a wife. Once engaged, marriage is established. Opponents insist on the fact that marriage is established and menstruation's daughter-in-law relationship is established. In the Qing Dynasty, a large number of archways won prizes for "keeping the virginity of women". According to textual research, the title of "husband" is on the wedding night. When the husband enters the woman's bedroom, the woman says, "If it is not my husband, how can I enter my room?" In other words, the word "husband and wife" can't be established until real-time ceremonies such as worshipping relatives, toasting and "combining". Since there is no reality of husband and wife, how can there be widowhood, martyrdom and in-laws? (Excerpted from Taiwan Province scholar Zhang Shou 'an's My Research on the Ritual System in Qing Dynasty, the fifth series of China Thought History Research Newsletter) In fact, until the Song Dynasty, women had a considerable position in marriage.