Tai 'an Taishan Culture

■ Taishan Zen culture

Zen culture is the most important historical and cultural phenomenon of Mount Tai, and it is also the source of Mount Tai's reputation.

From a natural point of view, the beauty of Mount Tai is vigorous, broad, magnificent and broad, but the natural beauty of Mount Tai is limited and can't compare with that of Huangshan. Besides the majestic beauty of Mount Tai, Huangshan has some beautiful, exquisite, elegant, changeable and profound beauty. So although there is a saying that "Mount Tai returns without looking at Yue", there is even a saying that "Huangshan returns without looking at the mountain".

Assuming that there is no emperor worship in Mount Tai, can it be called "sacred mountain" and "national mountain" only by its natural beauty? Will it still be the "head of the five mountains"? Can you still be selected as a world double heritage? I'm afraid all these have to be put in a question mark.

Huangshan and Taishan, two famous mountains with the title of "Double Heritage" in China, are well deserved, and the name of Taishan World Cultural Heritage is even more worthy of the name. In this sense, the cultural color of the trip to Mount Tai is more intense, and the "Head of Five Mountains" also emphasizes the political and cultural position of Mount Tai among the famous mountains in China, and the retreat of Zen is the heaviest one in this political and cultural significance!

Learn more about Mount Tai Zen culture

■ Taishan religious culture

Mount Tai is a famous Taoist mountain, but the influence of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism in Mount Tai should not be underestimated, and the integration of the three religions can be seen everywhere.

Taoism is the most prominent cultural phenomenon in Mount Tai, and almost all Taoist temples with flourishing incense can be seen everywhere on the way to mountain climbing.

Sakyamuni finally lost the battle with Yuan Jun's mother for thousands of years. Buddhism was later expelled from the main area of Mount Tai by Taoist forces, and only a few territories could be found on the edge of the foothills under the sun or the shadow of mountains, showing its existence tenaciously.

Confucianism, with its status as a state religion, had the historic arrival of Confucius long before Mount Tai became famous at home and abroad, and the rulers of past dynasties worshipped Mount Tai to the utmost, so that they could gain an equal position with Taoism.

It is interesting to observe the relationship between Taoism and Confucianism from the perspective of Mount Tai. On the surface, China's rulers and people can find harmony on Mount Tai, which leads to the saying that "Mount Tai makes the world safe", which is probably the earliest version of "peace for the country and the people". However, there is still an absolute difference between the idols they worship: the rulers yearn for the supreme dignity of Dongyue Emperor, while the people expect the generous and kind mind of Taishan mother. Today, the influence still exists. You might as well carefully observe the bustling crowd worshipping Mount Tai during the trip to Mount Tai and taste the different mentality and motivation of people from different social classes climbing Mount Tai.

■ Taishan stone carving culture

The stone carving culture is not a unique cultural form in China, but it can be said that the stone carving culture is the most perfect in China and has reached its peak. Mount Tai has won the reputation of the world's double heritage, among which the stone carving culture has contributed greatly. When Mount Tai declared World Heritage, the Ministry of Culture planned to submit it to UNESCO for approval as a natural heritage. Because there was no "double heritage" in the world at that time. Unexpectedly, Mr Lucas, an expert of UNESCO, not only praised the natural scenery of Mount Tai, but also reveled in its rich cultural heritage. After he went down the mountain, Mr. Lucas wrote an inscription for Mount Tai excitedly: "Mount Tai uniquely combines nature and culture, broadening his horizons in the concept of man and nature, which is China's great contribution to the world." Sure enough, at the World Heritage Conference at the end of 1987, Mount Tai became the world's first dual heritage of culture and nature, rewriting the classification of world heritage.

The culture of Mount Tai intoxicated by Mr. Lucas and the judges of the United Nations is very important, because without the stone carving culture that can be seen step by step on both sides of the hiking trail, the cultural atmosphere of Mount Tai will be greatly reduced, and Mount Tai will be no different from ordinary mountains. Stone carving culture is the most intuitive form of combining nature and culture. It sublimates matter-makes the originally lifeless stone have aura; It materializes the spirit, expresses people's aesthetic feeling towards nature, and tells others and future generations.

Taishan stone carvings have a long history, are widely distributed and numerous. There are more than 500 stone carvings and more than 800 cliff stone carvings, ranking first among the famous mountains in China and becoming a natural calligraphy exhibition with high artistic and historical value. On the one hand, the Taishan stone carvings cover the whole history of China's calligraphy, and show the development of China's calligraphy art, which comes down in one continuous line. In addition, a large number of famous historical sites have been collected, such as the Lisi Monument in the Qin Dynasty, the Zhang Qianbei Monument in the Han Dynasty, the Fang Heng Monument in the Jin Dynasty, the Sun Fu Monument, the Stone Valley Diamond Sutra in the Northern Qi Dynasty, and the Ji Taishan Ming in the Tang Dynasty. On the other hand, the stone carvings on Mount Tai, from the unification of Qin Shihuang to the wars and disputes in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, from the prosperity of Han and Tang Dynasties to the decline of the Northern Song Dynasty, and even to the singing in the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, are of great historical value, whether it is the retreat of emperors and generals or the desire of ordinary people to go out of the mountain; Whether it is the literati singing Xiushan Lishui or the peasant uprising that the government forced the people to rebel, there are accurate and reliable records in the words of Taishan stone carvings, which are precious materials for studying the social development and traditional culture of China. In addition, many cliff stone carvings along Mount Tai, or holding objects to chant ambitions, or leaving their names as scenery, or praising the majestic and majestic Mount Tai, or praising the beautiful and secluded scenery, make the beauty of nature integrated into the stone carving art, and the stone carving art is completely unmoved by the natural scenery, becoming a link between tourists and the natural landscape, enriching the connotation of the beauty of Mount Tai.

■ Taishan architectural culture

Mount Tai is the gathering place of ancient buildings in China, which contains many essences. Dai Temple, Forbidden City, Qufu Three Holes and chengde mountain resort are also called the four ancient buildings in China. Lingyan Temple has been one of the "Four Wonders in the Region" since ancient times. To see the ancient buildings of Mount Tai, Dai Temple is a must. Don't forget to climb on foot from the east road when you get out of the north gate of Mount Tai. Wang Mu pond, Confucius' boarding house, Eighteen Plates, the worse gate and Bi Xia Temple are all masterpieces. Zhao Pu Temple in the south of Mount Tai is a famous Buddhist temple, and the Qi Great Wall in the north of Mount Tai is the best in the world, which is thousands of years older than the Ming Great Wall represented by Badaling.

■ Taishan folk culture

In the eyes of rulers of past dynasties, Mount Tai is awesome and disgusting. When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty climbed Mount Tai, he exclaimed all the way: "Great! Extremely Terrible ... "Their admiration for Mount Tai is out of" theocracy ". To put it bluntly, the purpose of their trip to Mount Tai is to please the God of Mount Tai and let the God of Mount Tai help him realize his dream of permanent throne and permanent existence in the mountains and rivers.

But in the eyes of ordinary people, Mount Tai is not so majestic, and the gods of Mount Tai are also kind. If you pay a little attention to the culture and history of Mount Tai, you will find that the emperors and rulers revere Dongyue the Great, which is the embodiment of masculinity, strength and endless strength. The common people are a symbol of power, far away from the Emperor Dongyue. They almost devoted themselves to Bi Xia Yuan Jun, the goddess of Mount Tai, commonly known as Grandma Taishan, a kind-hearted woman. In Mount Tai, the best temple is Bi Xia Temple dedicated to the goddess of Mount Tai, and the place with the most incense is Bi Xia Temple. No matter the scale, grade and quantity of buildings, Dongyue Temple is not comparable to Yuan Jun Temple. Appreciate the differences and study why rulers and ordinary people choose and worship Mount Tai differently. Isn't it interesting?

Because it is close to Qufu, the birthplace of Confucius, the daily customs of Tai 'an people are most influenced by Confucian culture. At the same time, Mount Tai is a famous Taoist mountain, which has the greatest influence on the folk beliefs of Tai 'an people. Here are some common customs.

Grandma Taishan's birthday is in March of the lunar calendar 15, which is the most important folk activity in Tai 'an. At this time of the year, people who worship the mountain come from all directions, and people in Taicheng will go to almost every family. If tourists have the right time, don't miss it. You can feel the shadow of the ancient pilgrimage.

Dongyue Temple Association Dongyue Emperor's birthday is March 28th. Since the Song Dynasty, Mount Tai Temple Fair has been held at this time every year to offer sacrifices to Emperor Dongyue. The location is in Dongyue Temple, namely Dai Temple. In addition to offering prayers, later generations gradually increased business and entertainment activities to serve admirers from all directions. In Water Margin, Yan Qing played drums at the Dongyue Temple Conference in Taishan.

In addition, Yuan Jun's birthday is April 28th, which is only one month later than the birthday of Emperor Dongyue, and Bi Xia Yuan Jun's influence in later generations surpassed that of Emperor Dongyue, so Dongyue Temple will be extended and the content of offering sacrifices to Bi Xia Yuan Jun will be added. Dongyue Temple Fair was once cancelled during the Cultural Revolution.

The current Dongyue Temple Fair will be held from May 6th to12nd, usually in the square on the west side of Daizongfang archway. In addition to normal religious activities, the contents of temple fairs are mainly economic and trade activities, tourism and cultural entertainment. In recent years, people from all directions have come in an endless stream, and there are more and more foreign businessmen and tourists.

The queen mother's birthday is on the third day of the third lunar month. At this time of the year, pilgrims come in an endless stream, including many from overseas, Hong Kong and Macao.

Funeral Taian pays attention to the handling of funeral. First, you should report your funeral to your relatives and friends. Set up a Peng Ling on a good day, and someone at the door is responsible for accounting. The money donated by relatives and friends should be published on the list. The more people come, the more money they donate, indicating that the popularity of the main family is better. The more donations from immediate family members, the more family unity. Respected. Every time a funeral is held, the immediate family members will mourn. The more people, the louder the voice, indicating that there will be more filial people. Finally, the host family will host a banquet for guests and friends to show their gratitude.

Tai 'an people and even Shandong people pay great attention to wine tables, especially in rural areas. First of all, sit in the right place. We must not make a mistake. Seats can be divided into main guests and deputy guests, as well as main guests and deputy guests. Generally, the seat facing the door is the main seat, which should be the main guest and the deputy guest, and the seat facing the door is the main guest and the deputy guest. When drinking, you usually use a few small glasses, but there are many kinds, such as "good brothers", "four blessings", "six six great harmony" and "twelve weeks". I don't know how much to drink if I'm not careful. Half of the country's liquor is produced in Shandong, and most people in Shandong drink well.

When you ask someone "Where are you from" in Tai 'an, you should say hello. Old Tai 'an people generally say that they are "Taicheng people". Influenced by Confucius, people in Tai 'an usually say "teacher" when greeting.

Have a baby. If the child is born in his own home, he should inform his relatives and friends first. Relatives and friends will come to visit, usually received by women at home. In the past, most families used a pair of small baskets to hold eggs and other items, covered with red cloth, and sent them to those who chose. Now most of them can send even nutrition. In rural areas, you can often see several aunts queuing up with bags and red cloth. After that, the host family will invite you back, and there is a nice name called "eating noodles".

The folk custom of wishing and wishing is an ancient custom of hundreds of miles in Fiona Fang, Mount Tai, Fiona Fang. According to the Records of Tai 'an County in the Republic of China, "Mount Tai is the first of the five mountains, and the holy temple is here, and it does everything it wants. Going up the mountain to pray is generally to pray for the grandmother of Taishan in Yuan Jun, Bi Xia at the Bi Xia Temple on the top of the mountain. " "The greedy seek wealth, the sick seek security, the tiller seeks longevity, Jia seeks profit, the living seeks longevity, and the childless seeks heirs." Make a promise to Yuan Jun. Once it is realized, it is necessary to honor the promise and implement the promise. Once you don't achieve your goal, pray again, and then make a wish when you are satisfied.

There are various forms of wishing, such as offering sacrifices, hanging robes and sending plaques, donating money to repair temples and planting trees.

The preparations for the pilgrimage are very complicated. Contact members, reduce membership fees, buy sacrifices, etc. Incense can be divided into "spring fragrance" and "autumn fragrance". Because the birthday of Emperor Dongyue is on March 28th of the lunar calendar, and the birthday of Yuan Jun in Bi Xia is on April 18, during which the incense is the most prosperous. When you are ready, start the pilgrimage to the mountain. The general procedure of entering the incense is: "Starting, burning incense along the road, rushing to the fire, staying overnight, climbing the mountain, counting off (counting off in front of Mount Taishan Niangniang Temple), climbing to the top, guarding the frame, paying tribute, worshiping, going down the mountain, returning to the incense, returning home, driving safely and thanking the mountain".

There are three kinds of incense paper burned on the mountain: one is papyrus papyrus (locally called fire paper), the other is large denomination Ming coins with the Jade Emperor as the governor and the Dongyue Emperor as another governor, and the third is gold ingot with tin foil, paste paper and gold and silver. There is a "Bi Xia Yuan Jun Seal" in the Bi Xia Temple. Rich pilgrims can ask Taoist priests to stamp the paper.

Children beg the most in the mountains, all over the world. People who want boys will tie a Gymboree to the Bi Xia Temple, while those who want girls will tie a Gymboree. Make a wish to grandma Taishan.

There is a complete birth procedure of hundreds of miles in Fiona Fang.

The first is to choose an auspicious day. If you want to have children, your wife must come forward and ask the local "super mother" to choose an auspicious day of the zodiac with gifts and arrange a child-seeking ceremony.

The second is to prepare for the service. Mainly to buy incense sticks, fire paper, offerings, etc. There are two bowls of steamed bread, two plates-fish and eggs, and two fruit plates-dates and chestnuts. There are three incense burners lined up in front of the offering. Write the address of the child seeker and her husband's name on a red cloth strip, put it in a cardboard box folded with fire paper, and take the altar to supermom's son's house.

The third is to hold a ceremony. The woman who begged for a child lit three incense sticks, put them on the incense burner, and knelt on the altar with supermom. supermom begged Grandma Taishan to give her a child, and then burned the red cloth. Then, supermom continued to make incense, and then the woman who wanted children expressed her desire to make incense. Everyone took a jujube and chestnut to eat and knelt with supermom until all the incense was burned.

The fourth is to make a wish. If you really have children, you should make a wish at the nearby Taishan Grandma Palace (preferably at Taishan Bi Xia Temple).

If the prayer fails, try again, but "asking for a child is not enough."

Shi Gandang originated from the belief in Mount Tai Shi Gandang in most parts of China and even overseas Chinese cultural circles. Stone tablets or stone figures with the words "Mount Tai Shi Gandang" written on them will stand at the crossroads of roads and bridges, or be built in the walls of houses to ward off evil spirits and suppress disasters. Japan, Singapore and other countries also have this custom.

Besides the traditional festivals in China, such as Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Begging for Cleverness Festival (July 7th), Mid-Autumn Festival and Double Ninth Festival, there are also sunning and Buddha bathing festivals with strong local colors at the foot of Mount Tai.

The sun came from Mount Tai in Song Zhenzong, and the book was sent to Mount Tai on June 6, 2008, so Song Zhenzong closed the temple on a large scale. To thank God, we not only built the Temple of Heaven in Dai Temple, but also designated June 6th as the Temple of Heaven Festival. This festival has now been interpreted as a holiday for married daughters to go home to visit their parents, or a day to dry clothes and books.

The Buddha Bath Festival is on April 8th, which is said to be the birthday of Buddha Sakyamuni. On that day, the Buddha was bathed in water. This festival near Mount Tai has added the content of celebrating the birthdays of Dongyue Emperor and Bi Xia Yuan Jun. Trinity, the unity of Buddhism and Taoism, was very grand in ancient times.

■ Taishan myths and legends

Death of Pangu

Kai Dongyue headed by Pangu

polygonum multiflorum

Black Qiu ascended to heaven.

Wanzhangbei

Taishan shepherd old man

Shimendong

Xuanyunsi

Sima Qian and "more important than Mount Tai, less important than a feather"

The Origin of Bi Xia Yuan Jun

Grandma Taishan is swimming in Gulai.

Dai zongfang

Dong Shang yue Qing Mao Shen xian

The Origin of Taishan Daughter Tea

Julins

Sisters pine

Although a person has eyes, he can't help but recognize/see the sacred Mount Tai-he can't recognize VIPs/celebrities.

Yunbu bridge

Visit Yue Xian.

Xianquan

Wenhe River Return

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