① Jipo (Map of the Great Wall) ② Ancient poems, couplets, proverbs and idioms about the Great Wall ③ Stories and legends about the Great Wall ④ Evaluation of the Great Wall.

How deep the foundation is, how high the wall is.

If you don't go to Jiuchongmen, you will waste time going to the Great Wall.

The Great Wall in Wan Li is the longest and learning Chinese is the most difficult.

Those who have not reached the Great Wall are not heroes.

The Great Wall never falls, and the Yellow River flows for thousands of miles.

The Great Wall is easy to reach, but the hero is difficult.

Both inside and outside the Great Wall are hometown.

It is difficult to build the Great Wall, and Jiang Meng is not the only one crying.

Ask where the Great Wall is, in the hearts of the people.

If you don't reach the Great Wall, you are not a hero. You only have a trip of 20 thousand, and the peak is on Liupan Mountain. Red flags are flying in the west. Today, when did you tie the black dragon?

Second, the idiom of the Great Wall:

1. You are not a hero until you reach the Great Wall.

2. Xiongguan Wan Li

3. There is smoke everywhere

4. The flames are blazing.

5. Enemy at the Gates

6. Unity is strength

7. indestructible

8. Self-destruct the Great Wall

9. This isolated city is completely blocked.

10. Wan Li Great Wall

Third, the folk stories and legends of the Great Wall:

The story of Meng Jiangnv crying at the Great Wall

Stories and legends of the Great Wall-wangjinglou

The Story and Legend of the Great Wall-"Yumenguan"

Fourth, the Great Wall folk songs.

Shanhai Pass

Shanhaiguan, with a vast territory and a sparse population, has a sea in the south, a mountain in the north, the first pass, and Jiaolou Bay below.

Poor Los Angeles, rich Xiguan, neither poor nor rich Jiaolouwan.

Bridge to bridge, temple to temple, step by step, the lion is higher than the city.

Zhangjiakou

It is windy every year, from the beginning of the year to the end of the year.

Eighteen feet, high into the sky, the eagle flies upside down, the monkey is difficult to climb; How high is this mountain? A bone rolls for three days.

Shahukou

Kill the tiger's mouth, kill the tiger's mouth, have no money, don't lose money, or behead with a knife. It's sad that you still tremble after crossing the tiger's mouth.

Jiayuguan

Out of Jiayuguan, my tears stopped. Look ahead, Gobi desert, look back, the gate of hell.

Out of Jiayuguan, I stopped crying, looked up at the gray sky and looked down at the Gobi Desert.

Out of Jiayuguan, tears can't be wiped away

When I left Jiayuguan, my eyes filled with tears.

Mulan stepped on the Yellow River and shot an arrow through Jiayuguan. If you look for an arrow, you can't find it. If you don't look, you'll see. Supplement: Qin Shihuang built the Great Wall-Comments on the merits and demerits of later generations

Bricks on the Great Wall-I don't know how much wind and rain have passed.

Running on the Great Wall-a great road.

Wan Li Great Wall-Never Fall.

It's a pity not to eat roast duck until you get to the Great Wall!

Lugouqiao Great Wall-countless

Meng Jiangnv Crys for the Great Wall —— Farewell Supplement: Reading Badaling

Nizu (Ming)

Badaxiong courtyard rises from the garrison building, and the wind and smoke are scattered in the desert.

Ping Long in front of the sill is still ancient, and the long river outside the mountain still flows.

Han will reap the clouds and sweat horses, and Longsha white bones will roar at Hanshan.

If you lose all your blood and fat, who is Khan?

Dengbadaling

Shen Yongji (Qing)

Ride out of Juyongguan and back to Bifeng.

Sit and peek at the capital and walk around the wall.

The setting sun is heavy, and the cold sound is broken.

Looking back at the mausoleum, the cloud will always be Jackie Chan.

Dengbadaling

the Chen Dynasty

Eternal comfort, like a rainbow, is the first peak of the Great Wall.

The Great Wall of Wan Li is connected with Shuomo, and the fortress of Qian Qiu is proud of the sky.

Wang Ge's tears were wiped away in the morning, and great achievements were in the ascendant.

Don't look back at the mountain, but look at the dragon admired by the whole world.

See the Great Wall through the ridge.

Ding Peng (Qing)

Lingban wind returns to trees, and the Great Wall looks at fog.

Wild geese break the sky, the mountain wind is high, and the summer night is cold.

The sea doesn't sink Qin Nvshi, but floating clouds move the crown of Chu.

Yizhou made a song to cry first. At that time, it was difficult to kiss.

Badaling

Xu Wei (Ming)

Badagaopo 100 feet strong, even the desert is deserted.

The building is full of mountains and rivers, and the fortress is foggy all year round.

Crossing Badaling

Liu Ying (Jin)

The dangerous road is out, and it looks like a barren slope.

The weather is different, the weather is slightly sandy.

I was tired of work, so I drove by.

In spring and summer, there is no food in cold soil.

You can't live here if you refuse to stay on the road.

Poetry has no good words and has been sung by people who have been working hard.

The story of Meng Jiangnv crying at the Great Wall

After Qin Shihuang unified China, he collected hundreds of thousands of civilian workers. In 2 14 BC, the northern wall of Qin, Yan and Zhao was connected and repaired, which is the world-famous Great Wall of Wan Li. Wanli, Meng Jiangnv, found a husband to send cold clothes and cried for 800 miles on the Great Wall, which happened at that time.

In ancient times, Meng Laohan and Jiang Laohan were neighbors separated by a wall. One spring, Meng Laohan planted a gourd seed in his yard. After careful cultivation by watering and fertilizing, the gourd seedlings grew fat and tall, climbed over the fence and made a big gourd in Jiang Laohan's yard, weighing dozens of pounds. When the gourd was ripe, Lao Manjiang cut it with a knife. Suddenly, he saw a white, fat and lovely female doll lying inside. Lao Manjiang was overjoyed and ran to tell everyone. When the villagers heard about it, they came to watch this new thing one after another, but Meng and Jiang had a contradiction and quarreled bitterly. Meng Laohan said firmly, "I planted this gourd myself, and the fat girl is mine." Lao Manjiang stubbornly said, "This gourd is tied in my yard, and this girl should be mine." After three days and nights of quarreling, it was inseparable and fruitless. After mediation by the villagers, it is concluded that the female dolls belong to two families, who live in turn and support each other, and are named "Meng Jiangnv".

Time flies, the sun and the moon fly, and more than ten years have passed in an instant. Meng and Jiang, two old people, chose a son-in-law named Fan Qiliang for their grown-up, and married on a certain day. Unforeseen things happened. On their wedding day, the bride and groom will pay their respects. Suddenly, they broke into several courtiers from outside, scrambling to regard the groom Fan Qiliang as a civilian worker.

It turned out that at that time, because Qin Shihuang dispatched a large number of civilian workers all over the country to build the Great Wall and worked day and night, countless civilian workers were exhausted and starved to death. In order to speed up the progress of the project, they caught civilian workers everywhere to supplement it, and Fan Qiliang was also sent as a civilian worker to repair the Great Wall.

In a blink of an eye, a year passed and there was no news of Fan Zhaliang. She was so anxious that Meng Jiangnv couldn't eat or sleep and didn't know what to do. After consulting with the two old people, she decided to go to her husband and vowed not to go home until she found him. She brought her husband dry food and extra warm clothes and set off. Along the way, the wind and rain, sun and rain, hunger and cold, trudged, and finally found a place to repair the Great Wall after trudging in Wan Li. I found that many people died to repair the Great Wall, and my husband, Fan Qiliang, was exhausted and buried under the Great Wall, and his bones could not be found. The news came like a bolt from the blue, and Meng Jiangnu immediately began to cry sadly. Tears welled up and the sound was like thunder. She cried earth-shattering, and it was dark. She watched the Great Wall collapse, the 800-mile-long Great Wall, and she cried wherever it fell. This time, the project manager was anxious to report to Qin Shihuang, who had been here to inspect the progress of the project. Qin Shihuang hurried to see Meng Jiangnv, trying to find out the root cause. After seeing her, I was fascinated by her beauty and insisted on making her an "official empress". Although Meng Jiangnv was full of anger, she still suppressed her hatred and had a brainwave. She must agree to the three conditions of Qin Shihuang to become a "formal queen". First, we must find the body of her husband Fan Zhaliang; Second, hold a state funeral for her husband; Third, Qin Shihuang should put Dai Xiao and flags on the funeral procession of Fan Qi-A Liang. Qin Shihuang listened to Meng Jiangnv's three conditions and thought for a moment. In order to get the beautiful Meng Jiangnv, she crustily skin of head and agreed. After paying homage to Fan Zhaliang's grave, Meng Jiangnv's old wish came true. Facing the rolling Bohai Sea, she committed suicide by jumping into the sea.

The story of Meng Jiangnv crying in the Great Wall was quickly sung by people. In memory of her, people built a tomb and a temple for her on a hill near Shanhaiguan, and named it "Jiangnv Temple". The story of Wan Li, Meng Jiangnu, who found a husband to send a cold coat and cried down the Great Wall for 800 miles, is a household name and has been passed down to this day.

2. Stories and legends of the Great Wall-wangjinglou

At that time, Qi Jiguang was appointed as the company commander of Jizhen Town. With the support of Tan Lun, he personally planned and supervised the Jinshanling Great Wall (located in Luanping County, Hebei Province).

The structure of this section of the Great Wall is unique. The wall is made of huge strips of stones and bricks. At the eastern end of the Jinshanling Great Wall, on the towering Tiger Hill, there is a wangjinglou at the top of the mountain, with an altitude of 1000 meters. There are cliffs on both sides of the building, and people can only climb through the cracks in the stone. It is said that many people were killed and injured in order to transport a stone when it was built, but the stone still could not be transported. This moved the Jade Emperor so much that he immediately sent his nephew Erlang God to transport stones. That night, Erlang God came to the foot of Tiger Mountain and saw piles of stones there. Then he shook his magic knife and immediately turned it into a mountain whip. He whipped the mountain whip with his hand and shouted "change" The stone immediately turned into a big goat and went straight to the top of the mountain. When he reached the top of the mountain, he counted, neither more nor less, just enough. At this time, a soldier urinated in the tent, suddenly saw Erlang God herding sheep and ran back with a scream. Erlang was also taken aback when he heard someone shouting. He kicked dozens of stones down the mountain and landed on the east mountain. Jiro immediately ascended to heaven.

In this way, there are dozens of stones missing for repairing wangjinglou. Now, when you go to wangjinglou, you will see that five of the twelve cornerstones at the bottom of the building are built with rubble. The stones kicked down the mountain by Erlang God are still piled up in the ravine, and the locals call them jumping stones.

3. The story and legend of the Great Wall-"Yumenguan"

In ancient times, in the west of Xiaofangcheng, Gansu Province, there was a post station called "Horse Lost Rabbit", also called "Horse Lost Rabbit". Caravans have to pass through this place to transport jade from the border to the Central Plains. The terrain here is very complicated: swamps are everywhere, ravines are criss-crossing, forests cover the sun, and weeds are everywhere. Whenever caravans carrying jade catch up with the hot weather, they always like to travel in the cool at night in order to avoid heatstroke of people and animals during the day. So whenever cavalry comes here, it is always dark and can't tell the direction. Even the old horses who often travel back and forth on this road will be confused and difficult to find their way. That's how the name "lost horse" came from.

There is a caravan selling jade and silk. It travels along this road all the year round and often gets lost in the "lost horse" Once, the caravan got lost as soon as it entered the "lost horse". People were very anxious, and suddenly a lone goose landed not far away. A young man in the caravan quietly caught the wild goose. He is kind-hearted and holds it in his arms, ready to take it out of the "lost horse" and then let it go. After a while, I saw the wild goose purring at the young man with tears: "Gollum, give me food to get lost." After listening to this, the young man suddenly realized that he had left the goose because he was too hungry to fly, so he immediately took his own dry food and water to feed it. After eating, the geese flew into the sky and circled constantly, leading the caravan out of the "horse lost road" and successfully reaching the destination Xiaofang City. After a while, the caravan got lost in the "lost horse", and the wild goose flew in the air and cried, "Gollum, the caravan is lost." Whoops, the square plate is inlaid with jade. "Call while flying, while leading the caravan out of the way. Only the young man who saved the wild goose understood what the wild goose said and told the leader's boss: "The wild goose told us to put a luminous dark green jade in the small square city, and the caravan would never get lost again when it had a goal. "Hearing this, the boss felt that a glowing dark green jade was worth several thousand two hundred pieces of silver, and he could not bear to part with it, so he did not agree.

Unexpectedly, the next time the caravan got lost in the "lost horse", it could not find water for several days. The camel was panting with thirst, and everyone was thirsty and dying. Just then, the wild goose flew up again and cried in the air, "The caravan has been lost, and the square plate is inlaid with jade. Don't give up jet and never lead the way." Hearing this, the young man hurried to tell the boss. The boss panicked and asked the young man what to do. The young man said, "You should kneel down and swear to the goose:' You must be inlaid with jade and never break your word.' . "The boss immediately knelt down and swore to the wild goose as the young man said. When the geese heard this, they spun in the air for a while, which led to the caravan's "lost horse" again, and the caravan was saved. After arriving in Xiaofangcheng, the boss never dared to love money again. He immediately picked out the biggest and best glowing dark green jade and put it on the top of the building. Whenever night falls, this jade shines brightly and can be clearly seen dozens of miles away in Fiona Fang. Caravans used to have goals and won't get lost again. Since then, Xiaofangcheng has been renamed "Yumenguan". In fact, Yumenguan was built by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, because it was an important traffic artery leading to the western regions in ancient China. Hetian jade stone was imported from the western regions and entered the customs from then on, hence the name.

The famous Great Wall scientist Luo wrote:

From the Spring and Autumn Period, Qin and Han Dynasties, Liao and Jin Dynasties to the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, it lasted for more than two thousand years. How many generals, Rong Yuan, worked hard, worked hard, and moved mountains and rivers to build this great project. Their perseverance, wisdom, diligence and hard work left a monument and national treasure for China.

Across the mountains, grasslands, the vast sea, and the steep cliffs of 100,000 miles, looking around, endless long queues, Xiongguan passes and pavilions are like a pearl jade belt dotted with beautiful mountains and rivers, undulating and flying, and the Moon Palace has added magnificent wonders to the world.

There is no doubt that the Great Wall is a miracle in the history of China and even human architecture. Our ancestors completed such a huge project with the most primitive and simple tools under the extremely poor material conditions, showing their wisdom, strength and determination. However, it is against historical facts to describe the Great Wall as a symbol of the unity of the Chinese nation and to celebrate its great role in the history of China.

From the Qin, Zhao and Yan States in the Warring States to the Great Wall built in the late Ming Dynasty, it has always been a means for farmers in the Central Plains to deal with nomadic people in the north. Not to mention how many bones were buried along the Great Wall and how much property was consumed. Even in terms of military functions, did the Great Wall achieve the original purpose of the rulers of the Central Plains? In fact, once the Central Plains Dynasty lost its military strength, the Great Wall would exist in name only. After the death of Qin Shihuang, the Huns crossed the Great Wall and occupied the Hetao area. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, it was rare for Qing soldiers to enter and leave the Great Wall like nobody's business, and it was really rare to confront each other by force along the Great Wall.

Although the Great Wall has curbed the invasion and destruction of the northern nomads to the south to a certain extent, it has also restricted the exchanges and integration between ethnic groups and fixed the boundaries between agriculture and animal husbandry. Therefore, the Ming Dynasty, which built the Great Wall the most times, with the largest amount of work and the highest quality in history, was the most conservative and inactive dynasty in the northwest and north. With the final completion of the Great Wall, the power of the Ming Dynasty never surpassed Jiayuguan. On the contrary, a regime that can unify agriculture and animal husbandry at the same time does not need and will never build the Great Wall. In the Qing Dynasty, the inside and outside of the Great Wall were unified, and the rest of the Great Wall was initially used as an inter-regional checkpoint, and then completely abandoned. This is an extremely important page in the history of China.

The patriotism of Qin people, Han people and Ming people can only be bounded by the Great Wall, because outside the Great Wall, it is not a whole-hearted country, but the territory of another regime or nation. However, the patriotism of the people in the Tang and Qing dynasties will never be restricted by the Great Wall, because outside the Great Wall is also their country. In China in the 1990s, the people of all ethnic groups inside and outside the Great Wall have long been integrated into an inseparable whole. How to understand the Great Wall from the narrow national standpoint of some Central Plains dynasties in history? Can it be used to symbolize the Chinese nation?

It is self-evident that the great contribution of building and defending the Great Wall to the history of China and unifying the north and south of the Great Wall to the history of China. However, since the Han Dynasty, the Great Wall has been regarded as the boundary of "heaven boundary Hu Han" (God used it to separate Hu Han and Han people), and "the world" has been limited within the Great Wall; Do some modern China people still have a aftertaste in their minds? This is worth thinking about.

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