Calendar and solar terms

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Astronomical Philosophy and the Legend of Twenty-eight Nights

Twenty-eight nights are distributed around the celestial equator and the zodiac, which is the ancient star grouping system in China. In the boundless space, they are like palaces of the sun and the moon. "With the change of running time, the ancients can calculate the season of the year according to the position of the sun in the twenty-eight nights.

Twenty-eight nights are divided into four star areas, named after animal life, called four elephants, namely, black dragon in the east, basalt in the north, white tiger in the west and suzaku in the south.

In ancient China, due to the needs of agriculture and animal husbandry, they noticed the relationship between climate and plants very early: in order to produce agriculture and animal husbandry, they must first understand and understand the laws of astrology and natural changes, and then decide the season and farming time. Because the sun and the moon are closer to the earth than other planets among the stars, they become the most important observation objects for people, and most stars will not change their positions for a long time, so they have made 28 nights.

People divide the space around the celestial equatorial belt into 28 parts, and these 28 hotels are like 28 hotels, with different sizes. As Wang Chong said in "On the Street", "Twenty-eight lodging houses are the sun and moon buildings, and there is still a postal kiosk, which is an official hobby." .

The importance of Twenty-eight Hostels lies in that it is the basis for astronomical observation of stars since ancient times, and it is also the basis for recording positions when special astronomical phenomena appear. In China, agricultural production is mainly carried out according to the seasons, and the changes of seasons are related to the movements of the sun and the moon, both of which are inseparable from the previous 28 nights, so making a calendar is also inseparable from the 28 nights.

Twenty-eight Hostels and Solar Terms

Twenty-eight Hostels occupies a very important position in the history of China, and it is the basis for the ancients to observe astronomical phenomena. The saying of Twenty-eight Hostels exists not only in China, but also in ancient Indian, ancient Rome and other ancient cultural countries, but with different names and meanings. Twenty-eight Nights in China were set up by the ancients to investigate the position of the moon in the sky and specify the position of the sun. Split in two from the sun

The position of eighteen nights can show the seasons of the year, which is how the ancients calculated the days.

Twenty-eight lodging names

Dongqisu: Jiao, Kang, Shi, Fang, Xin, Wei and Ji, collectively known as Qinglong Qisu.

Seven nights in the north: fighting, cattle, women, air, danger, houses and walls are called Xuanwu Seven Nights.

Seven Nights on a Journey to the West: Huang, Lou, Stomach, Ang, Bi, Gou, and the seven nights in White Tiger.

Seven nights in the south: well, ghosts, willows, stars, Zhang, wings and birds are called seven nights in Suzaku.

Oriental Su Qi

Jiaosu: Seven Nights in the East and the Black Dragon, headed by Jiaosu. "There are two stars, such as the two horns of the black dragon, belonging to Virgo.

Kangsu, Kangsu is the second of the seven hotels in the East.' Jiaosu is the horn of the black dragon, and Kangsu is the neck of the black dragon, belonging to Virgo.

Shi Su: Stone has roots. If a tree has roots, it can only support Tianzhu upwards and take deep roots downwards. However, when the roots are exposed, it means that the vegetation in winter is like Huang Zhi. According to historical records, "the stone in the East Palace means that everything is perfect." Black Dragon, the former star of Shi, knows everything in her heart.

Accommodation: Accommodation is the fourth room in the East, and it is a room with a dragon belly. The ancients also called it the sky, which means that the dragon is the heavenly horse. There are four stars in the room, which is one of the six ecliptic-Tang Ming.

In China traditional medicine, Tang Ming is the main part of facial observation. & lt& lt Huangdi Neijing; Said: "The five colors are destined by tomorrow. Tang Ming refers to the nose, which means a plump nose. It sticks straight on the face, and with a broad forehead, people with face shapes will live longer. The nose is on the face, just like the palace where the emperor talks about government affairs, which is related to the quality of the five internal organs. The pathological changes of the five internal organs will have abnormal characteristics on the nose, just as world events will be reflected in the court.

Heart lodge: Heart lodge is the fifth of the seven hotels in the East. Its second star is Uranus, one of the nine planets. Heart is like fire, it is the star that should be in early summer and January. It is often used with room accommodation to discuss Mingtang.

Vestibule: There are nine stars in the vestibule, which form the tail of the black dragon. It is the sixth of the seven hotels in the East and belongs to Scorpio.

Gisu: On the last night of Seven Nights of the Black Dragon, * * * had four stars. The ancients said that the white star is windy, and once it is particularly bright, it is a sign of the wind.

Among the twenty-eight lodging houses, there are only four stars named East, West, South and North. When dustpan and bucket well are in the south, they are called southern dustpan Beidou. At this time, the dustpan bucket can't winnow the wine, just like living in its place without seeking political affairs.

North Su Qi

Dousu: Seven nights in the north, Dousu is the first night of Xuanwu Yuangui. Doosan consists of ten constellations, of which Doosan is the representative. Song Zhi said, "bucket handle is a foot long and shines in the middle of the road. South two stars are the best, and the sky is bright; Of the two stars, the sky is also; The northern two stars are Beidou and Tianfu. There are six stars in Nandou, which is known as the Temple of Heaven.

Niusu; Taurus has the constellation 1 1, which is the second night of Xuanwu, among which Vega and Altair are the most famous. The love fairy tale of Cowherd and Weaver Girl has been passed down through the ages. It is said that the Weaver Girl is the granddaughter of the Emperor of Heaven and has been weaving brocade for many years. After marrying Cowherd, she neglected her job. In a rage, the emperor separated the Cowherd and the Weaver Maid and allowed them to meet only once a year on July 7th.

Hostess:? Nvju has eight constellations, which is the third night of Xuanwu.

Xu Su: Xu Su has ten constellations, which is the fourth night of Xuanwu. The ancients called this day Virtual Night Festival, which means winter solstice according to the astronomical phenomena, because midnight is the season when people live in the south from winter solstice.

Dangerous lodge: Dangerous lodge includes ten constellations, and the tomb is the fifth lodge in Xuanwu.

Roommate: My roommate has two stars, one is Gong Xuan and the other is Miao Qing. "Zhou Lidong Official": Say; "The camp room, the night of Xuanwu in the north, is connected to the wall like four stars." The definition of the camp room, when the moon is faint, the star is set at noon in the Shang Dynasty, and the palace is occupied at this time. This is the sixth night of Xuanwu.

Wall House: The wall house is the seventh house in Xuanwu, and two of them are called East Wall, which are houses for storing books.

Seven nights in the west

Su Kui: This is the first night of the seven nights of the White Tiger, which means the treasure house of heaven.

The ancients used real estate and buildings as the standard to measure the stars. They think that stars often appear between Kuizhou and Louzhou in February vernal equinox, Tokyo in May, Kanghejiao in August autumnal equinox and Petunia in November, and disappear after about 20 days. They appear in the east in the morning and in the west at dusk, so as long as we actually measure the Kuihe Building at the vernal equinox and observe it for 20 days. There was no advanced observation equipment in ancient times, so we must first find a fixed point to watch the stars. Looking at the building is the basis of being listed as an example. Lodging is the second of the seven nights in the west. There is a group of people upstairs.

Stomach lodge: Stomach lodge is the third of the seven lodgings in the west. The stomach is like a warehouse for storing food in heaven, and it has the same function as the human stomach.

An Su: Su Jing lives in the center of the seven hosts of the White Tiger. In ancient Chinese, things follow the hair and the west is the autumn gate. Everything has been harvested. It's time to close the door. Lodging occurs in the Mid-Autumn Festival, which is the season of autumn harvest. The Pleiades has seven stars, commonly known as Seven Sisters, which is a small cluster of Taurus.

Soapy: Soapy looks like a claw fork, with eight stars, which is the fifth of the seven nights in the West.

Li lodge is the sixth of the seven lodges in the west, and it is the life and death field of wild plants.

Betelgeuse is the end of seven nights in the west, mainly killing Liu.

Southern Su Qi

Su Jing: Su Jing is located in the east of Yujing, the first of the seven South Hotels, and the south gate of Heaven, and is in charge of water affairs.

Haunted House: There are four stars in the haunted house, in the east of Su Jing. Of the four stars, one in the northeast is heavy and the other in the southeast is heavy. The southwest is dominated by cloth and silk, and the northwest is dominated by gold and jade. The starlight part of the haunted house is very dark, with Judy's head and eyes in four directions, which is the main shrine of ghosts and gods. '

Liu Su: Liu Su is the third of the seven nights in the south. The beak of vitamin is the kitchen prison of heaven.

Stars: There are seven stars, which is the fourth of the seven nights in the south.

Zhang Su: Zhang Su is the fifth of the seven nights in the south. Suzaku's throat Zhang Su is the chef and master.

Jisu: Jisu is the sixth of the seven nights in the south, with 22 hoes; It is one of the most numerous stars, and Jisu is Suzaku's tail.

Overnight: Overnight is the last night of seven nights in the south, and Jane is the crown.

Twenty-eight huts are surrounded by celestial phenomena, and they go on and on. They are in charge of the astronomical phenomena in the east, west, north and south respectively. It can be divided into diurnal variation and yin number variation. Because of twenty-eight nights, these changes have become extremely clear. Whether you are a fortune teller, a Chinese medicine practitioner, a Taoist or a Buddhist, you should study hard.

Legend of the stars

Stars are sacred incarnations in the minds of the ancients, so there are many legends about them. The ancients thought that black dragon, white tiger, Suzaku and Xuanwu were the four stars in the sky, so as to make good and evil everywhere. The most revered god is Qinglong, which has been a symbol of good luck since ancient times; "Especially in the imperial era, the emperor is almost the embodiment of the dragon; Everything related to the emperor's food, clothing, housing and transportation should be crowned with the word dragon. The emperor's body is called dragon body, and the emperor's clothes are called dragon robes. The sky clothes embroider dragons, Yunlong is in the sky, and saints are on the throne. The cloud rises from the dragon, the wind rises from the tiger, and walking in the sky from the dragon, there will be great achievements. Therefore, Qinglong is called the times.

In addition, there is another saying about the location of haunted houses. In other words, the ancients paid great attention to "Feng Shui" when choosing a cemetery. People want to find a treasure trove of geomantic omen for the funeral, and it is best to find the "Dragon Cave". Once they find the dragon cave, they will not only bring the aura of mountain gas glue to benefit future generations; Make future generations rich and expensive. There is even a legend that so-and-so became a billionaire from scratch because people's Ming houses were chosen in Longdong; It is also said that the business of the hotel is booming because the hotel is built on the Long Mai and the town is located on the Dragon Path, so the dragon can't drive away Yun Fei.

White tiger is the general name of the seven major accommodation places in the west. Since ancient times, it has been said that it is a fierce god. In all places where people stay, there are things like learning to behead Liu and killing life. Traditional Chinese medicine has a prescription of "White Tiger Decoction", which is mainly used to treat diseases such as clearing away heat and getting angry, and also comes from Baihulou.

Suzaku is a red phoenix. It is the floorboard of the seven nights in the south, which is consistent with the mouth of Ophiuchus.

In the center of the seven southern stars, there are Xuanyuan and Taiwei, which are the main stars that indicate the south. Taiweinan is the only road that the sun, the moon and the five stars must pass through, so it is called' Sanyuyuan'.

Xuanwu is the floorboard of the seven nights in the north. Legend has it that Xuanwu is a turtle, always wearing armor to prevent the enemy from going back on their word, to show justice and symbolize longevity. There is also a saying that turtles and snakes are combined into Xuanwu, and Zhenwupu, a Taoist offering, was renamed from Xuanwu Dabu before the Song Dynasty. The statue of Xia Jun, the commander of Zhenwu, and the case of Tortoise and Snake. There is a prescription in Chinese medicine called Xuanwu decoction, which is mainly used to treat kidney cold, kidney deficiency and spleen strengthening.

Xuanwu is in charge of the north, and anyone who has relations with the north will naturally be called Xuanwu. For example, the north gate of the Tang Dynasty Palace is called Xuanwu Gate, and the Xuanwu Tide in the northern suburb of Nanjing. Basalt also means black, so black basalt is also named from here.

Some small things in people's daily life are sometimes related to the southeast and northwest of Erbasu. Just like playing cards and chess in entertainment, ancient astronomers divided the stars on Sunday into three nights and twenty-eight nights for easy observation, and the other stars belonged to these two categories. The so-called wall and lodge all mean stars. Traffic is a large area, accommodation is a small area.

Ternary stars surround the North Pole and the stars close to the sky overhead. It is divided into three regions: Wei Zi, Taiwan Province and Shi Tian. Every region has East and West Stars, which form a wall, so it is called a wall.

At the beginning of the establishment of ternary system, astronomers seemed to take the rising direction of the sun as the standard for observing stars. First, look up at the zenith and set the vast area around the North Pole as Zhonggong Ziweiyuan; Then observe his northeast direction and set a specific range as Taiwei wall; Then look to his southeast and define a certain range as the Shi Tian Wall.

Among these three walls, Qiu is the upper wall, located in the northeast corner of Wei Zi wall, north and south.

The zodiac and the auspicious day of six stars

Astrologers divide auspicious days according to the movements of the six stars on the ecliptic.

These six stars are: Qinglong, Tang Ming, Jingui, Tiande, Yutang and Siming. Qinglong is the noblest among the gods and a symbol of good fortune. Tang Ming is a key department, just like the Presidential Palace now. This is a place where people imagine that heaven ruled the world in the old society. The synopsis of the golden chamber, with gold as the room, is naturally precious. Tiande, where Tiande lies, is of course unlucky; Yutang, where the palace is located, is the residence of immortals; Teacher's life, Lu Wen's life, the code system is flourishing.

Judging from their names and positions, they are of course very important and auspicious.

In the first month, the dragon changed his mind, the golden chamber was outlined, and the company commanders followed Liuyang. In the first month, Ugly Hall, Rongri and Yaochi all follow the six Yin values, which are auspicious days.

According to astrologers, if these six stars are lucky, they must not be second. If they are, they will be imprisoned. "The evil spirits are on duty, and naturally they don't take things; Every broken day is a huge disaster, and we can only do things like tearing down the walls of the house. Of course, it is auspicious to do things on the ecliptic, and it is natural to have an auspicious day before happiness, funeral, celebration and ceremony.

According to astrologers' calculations, it is difficult to get married when it is not suitable for marriage, and it is also difficult to grow old together and have many children and grandchildren. Moving on a day that is not suitable for moving will cause family discord and make trouble; If you get sick on the day of the crime, it is not a minor illness: it may also develop into an active disease, even life-threatening; As for building houses, burial pays more attention to nature ... how much scientific basis is there?

Some things in the world are well known, but few people think about their causes from another angle. However, fortune tellers pay special attention to their own time; During World War II, Japan successfully attacked Pearl Harbor, severely damaged the US military, and ignited the Pacific War, which temporarily won an unprecedented victory for Japan. However, do you know what day it is today? Yes 194 1 year 65438+February 8. Speaking of the Gregorian calendar in China, this is a lucky day. In America, it is 65438+February 7th, which is a terrible day. Allied forces successfully landed in Normandy, northeast France, defeating the Germans in one fell swoop and winning World War II. However, do you know what day it is today? That was June 6th,1944; Turning to the Gregorian calendar, this day is another auspicious day. You can find more examples of this. Are these all accidental coincidences?

In fact, people attach great importance to the choice of dates of major events, whether in ancient times, in modern times, in China or abroad.

It is no coincidence that the two examples mentioned above were determined after careful study. For example, Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor was not only because it was an auspicious day in the solar calendar, but also because of the climate and other factors at that time, as well as the US military's holiday at that time, people were unprepared, which made the sneak attack tactics successful in one fell swoop. Similarly, the allied landing, in addition to auspicious days, the US military paid more attention to the tidal situation at that time and accurately calculated the geology of the beach. Therefore, the climate, geographical location and human harmony are unreasonable.

Even now, in scientifically developed Japan, the time for major political negotiations or treaty signing is carefully arranged. For example, on September 9 of a certain year, the Japanese royal family passed and participated in the Star Wars plan proposed by the United States, which not only took into account the weather, but also won the hearts of the people. Therefore, whether politically or economically, this day is an auspicious day. In fact, the Japanese government has long been willing to "star things", but after several choices, it finally chose September 9. Why? They believe that this is not only because September 9 is an auspicious day, but also because Japan has considered various relationships. First of all, the United States and the Soviet Union will hold a meeting of foreign ministers on September 19, which can cater to this meeting; Moreover, at that time, the trade deficit of the United States caused strong opposition in the United States, and the resulting pressure brought benefits to Japan.

Now is the wise move.

However, the weather is unpredictable, and sometimes good days are not necessarily good. Some whirlpools of natural and man-made disasters are incredible.

In ancient China, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Uncle Zhang Liao and Ji Kang had a war of words, which involved the date and fate, and they once questioned it.

During the Warring States Period, in the battle of Changping, more than 400,000 soldiers of Zhao were killed in one day. Ji Kang commented like this; "Is it that the lives of these 400,000 people are equally short?" According to numerology, it was Zhao Kuo's unrealistic empty talk that changed the natural numerology and was wiped out. However, do people really have that great ability to change the world? Many people hold different views on this. They think that life is doomed, and it is doomed. For example, the Tangshan earthquake almost razed a medium-sized city in a short time, which has made people feel scared. Another example is the American spaceship Challenger, which was supposed to challenge in space. Unexpectedly, only 72 seconds after liftoff, it turned into a fire, and people watched it turn to ashes. ……

However, people are not completely powerless in the face of nature. For example, the 10th Asian Games will be held in Seoul, and the opening ceremony will naturally be held on an auspicious day. Based on years of meteorological data, North Korea chose September 20th as an auspicious day. According to various data, it was sunny in North Korea on September 20th, and it never rained. Surprisingly, it is sunny from September to September 19. On the morning of 20th, God suddenly changed his face and became gloomy, and it began to rain in Mao Mao. By the time the opening ceremony was held at three o'clock in the afternoon, the rain was even heavier and never stopped until the evening. This is an auspicious day. It's just that the Koreans went forward bravely and sprinted with all their strength, which really showed the sportsmanship.

It can be seen that an auspicious day may not be really good. Bad things can also be turned into good things through human struggle. As the saying goes, everything depends on human effort. Imagine that it is auspicious to sneak attack on Pearl Harbor, but can the Japanese defeat the American army without a desperate battle? Although the allied landing was carefully planned, if the soldiers did not bravely charge, would the Germans lose themselves?

Sometimes, being cornered by fate is not necessarily a bad thing. There is a saying that it is not unreasonable to be born and die. Burn one's bridges, there is no way out. Soldiers are born brave and willing to use their brains. At this time, they often take care of themselves and turn the corner. We believe in fate, there should be a premise, that is, life is in heaven and cannot be violated. If you want to resign yourself to fate, you must do your best first.

What Huang Daoji tells us is to deal with the immediate things with a healthy attitude, objectively analyze and skillfully resolve the bad luck: if there is a disease, treat it actively. On the contrary, if you blindly resign yourself to fate, passively escape and deal with things negatively, thinking that nothing is useful, it is like being slaughtered by others. In this way, even if God wants to help you, he can't help you. Therefore, the so-called "auspicious day" only gives us a principle, that is, we should make full use of all favorable factors and minimize unfavorable man-made or natural factors. This is the true meaning of predicting "fortune, ups and downs, gains and losses" and choosing auspicious days on the ecliptic.

Whether people win or win naturally, they will lose everything without their own struggle, and it will still be a lucky day. In the fierce competition, every day is a lucky day if you don't break the law, harm others, be aboveboard and upright, live a day and do something beneficial to the country and the people.

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