How to understand the Confucian wine culture advocated by cultural people drinking?

Prehistoric history

Before the earliest 5,000-year civilization in China? In prehistoric times, wild fruits collected by primitive tribes will be moldy after long-term storage, and then form the smell of wine. After a preliminary taste, they thought that the water flowing out of the mold was also delicious, so they started the wine-making culture. In primitive society, wine-making has become very popular in China. In ancient times, wine was unfiltered mash, which was pasty and semi-liquid. For this wine, it is not suitable for drinking, but for eating, so the drinking utensils are generally utensils, such as bowls and bowls.

Xia Dynasty

Wine culture was very popular in Xia Dynasty, and people in Xia Dynasty were good at drinking. In the Xia Dynasty, there was a wine vessel called Jue, which was the earliest known bronze ware in China and played an important role in the history of China. Ancient rhyme:? Du Kang brewing? As King V of Xia Dynasty, Du Kang personally brewed wine, which shows that people paid attention to wine at that time. The villagers held a drinking ceremony at the local school in October: September frost, October washing, friends, killing lambs every day, calling him a man without boundaries? This poem fully shows the wine culture of Xia Dynasty.

Shang Dynasty

The wine-making industry in Shang Dynasty was very developed, the bronze ware making technology was improved, and the wine vessels in China reached unprecedented prosperity. With a complete set of brewing experience, it appeared? Spoon? And then what? Tail spoon? This family specializes in making wine sets for a living. At that time, there were wines such as wine, grain and bottles, and the drinking atmosphere was very prosperous, especially among the nobles. Heavy drinking attracted the attention of the Shang rulers. Zhou Wang's wine pool is feasible, and wine is accompanied by beauty all day long, which was left by the Shang Dynasty? Debauchery culture? .

Zhou dynasty

Advocated by the Zhou Dynasty? Wine gift? With what? Nine virtues? The main use of wine is limited to sacrifice, so it appeared? Wine festival culture? . Wine ceremony became the strictest etiquette in the Zhou Dynasty, and the rural drinking custom in the Zhou Dynasty took rural doctors and Chu Shi sages as guests. Drinking, especially for the elderly, is very generous. Three beans sixty, four beans seventy, five beans eighty, six beans ninety? . Its folk custom of respecting the elderly is vividly displayed in the folk activities with wine as the main body. This is the Zhou Dynasty? Wine culture? .

the Spring and Autumn Period

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, due to the use of iron tools, the production technology has been greatly improved. Going out early and returning late is better than planting trees in various fields and marrying more millet. The improvement of production enthusiasm has greatly developed productivity and greatly increased material wealth. This provides a material basis for the further development of wine, so there are many records about wine in the literature of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period:

The Analects of Confucius: Having wine and food was once considered filial piety. ?

The Book of Songs? The calm wind in July: Demi in October is a spring wine to celebrate longevity?

The Book of Songs? Xiao Ya auspicious day:? Control guests and entertain them. ? Yi, a kind of wine, is sweet wine.

Book of rites? Monthly order:? On the moon in Xia Meng, the emperor drank and used ritual music. ? "Nian" is a kind of re-brewed wine, which is a kind of wine to be drunk with music, meaning to be drunk in grand activities.

Book of rites? Yuzao:? Where respect must be yuan wine, only gentlemen respect it, only savages all drink it, and doctors respect wood and scholars respect it. ? Shangyuan wine, with homesickness, is your exclusive drink. In the Spring and Autumn Period, China people and savages refer to ordinary people. Paying savages all the wine means letting them eat ordinary food and drink ordinary wine. Wood and prohibition are the grades of wine glasses.

From Shang and Zhou Dynasties to the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, especially the nomadic people in the north, their wine vessels were mainly bronze products. Brewing technology has been significantly improved, and the quality of wine has also been greatly improved. The drinking method is: put the brewed wine into a bronze bottom pot, then scoop it up with a bronze spoon and put it into a bronze cup for drinking.

Qin and Han dynasties

With the economic prosperity of the Qin Dynasty, the wine-making industry naturally prospered. Appeared in the Qin and Han Dynasties? Wine culture? Where does the ruler stand? Talking about politics In order to reduce food consumption, people have repeatedly banned alcohol and advocated abstinence. In the Han Dynasty, the understanding of wine was further broadened, and the use of wine was also widely expanded. Zhang Zhongjing, a famous doctor in the Eastern Han Dynasty, used wine to treat diseases, and his level was quite high. Harmonious human relations and offering sacrifices to ancestors are the basic functions of wine culture in Han dynasty, and music-oriented is the spiritual core of wine culture in Han dynasty. After Qin and Han Dynasties, in wine culture? A gift? The color is getting stronger and stronger and the wine ceremony is strict. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the wine culture changed from being mainly happy to being mainly sad.

In the Han Dynasty, drinking was gradually associated with various festivals, forming a unique drinking day, and there were more kinds of koji. In Han Dynasty, drinking was generally sitting on the floor, with wine bottles in the middle of the floor and spoons and drinking utensils on the floor, so it was short and fat.

Three Kingdoms

As the development period of Chinese wine culture, the Three Kingdoms period has made great progress in technology, raw materials and types. Sheng? The wine is fierce and addicted to alcohol. Mr. Tao quoted this passage when evaluating the wine style in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms. During the Three Kingdoms period, drinking was quite popular. Nanjing has the title of Sanya, and Heshuo has summer drinks. ? The wind of persuading the three countries to drink wine is also quite strong, and the means of drinking is also fierce.

Wei, Jin, southern and northern dynasties

Abstinence was advocated in the Qin and Han dynasties, and only wine was legally recognized in the Wei and Jin dynasties, allowing people to make wine freely. Private brewing and excessive drinking are quite common, the wine market is very prosperous, and the wine tax has become one of the country's financial resources, so there is? Wine and wealth culture? . During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, celebrities drank heavily. With the help of alcohol, people express their feelings about life, their worries about society and their sighs about history. The function of wine sneaked into people's hearts, thus expanding the cultural connotation of wine.

During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, drinking methods became popular, and drinking utensils became more slender. In addition, it appeared in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties? Where's Qu? Customs, the way of wine has taken a step forward.

Sui and Tang Dynasties

Wine culture in Tang and Song Dynasties is a close relationship between wine and literati. The prosperity of Tang poetry promoted the development of wine culture. Wine chapter culture? Wine and poetry, wine and music, wine and calligraphy, wine and art, wine and painting, etc. They are in harmony with each other. The Tang Dynasty is a period of high development of Chinese wine culture, which is profound, colorful and brilliant. ? Wine promotes poetry? It is the most concentrated and highest embodiment of Tang culture. Wine aroused the poet's poetic interest, thus internalized in his poems, and wine rose from the material level to the spiritual level. Wine culture is fully brewed in Tang poetry, and its taste is mellow and long. In the Tang Dynasty, the number of wine establishments increased day by day, and wine culture was integrated into the daily life of China people.

What do Tang people appreciate? Good wine is expensive? . The way to drink is to drink (food) after meals, as the saying goes? After drinking? Drink after eating? Roast chicken, set the dishes, finish the meal and drink the wine? . At that time, the way of drinking was to drink after eating, to be happy when eating and drinking, not to get drunk easily, and to have more fun by drinking.

Song Liao Jinyuan

The wine culture in Song Dynasty is the continuation and development of the wine culture in Tang Dynasty, which is richer than the wine culture in Tang Dynasty and closer to our present wine culture. The wine industry is booming and hotels are everywhere. Hotels in Song Dynasty emphasized the cultural individuality of famous brands. The northern nationalities in the Jin Dynasty were famous for their binge drinking and rich wine culture, while the Jin Dynasty had a pot-burning wine culture. Soju (Araghi wine) appeared in the Yuan Dynasty. Besides, the distillation method was invented in the Song Dynasty, and since then, liquor has become the main drink of China people.

Ming and Qing dynasties

Uprising in the Ming dynasty continued, the Qing dynasty did not resist foreign invasion, the people moved around to avoid suffering, and the formation of regional culture promoted it? Wine culture? Production. After the Ming and Qing Dynasties, wine has become an indispensable drink in people's lives. Special wine? It is very popular, such as drinking pepper and cypress wine on New Year's Day, drinking wine on the fifteenth day of the first month, drinking calamus wine on the Dragon Boat Festival, drinking osmanthus wine on the Mid-Autumn Festival and drinking chrysanthemum wine on Chongyang. In the Qing dynasty? The hometown of wine, the capital is the most? In short, at that time, the dignitaries in Beijing preferred yellow wine, while the middle and lower classes preferred shochu with low price and rich flavor.

The Ming and Qing dynasties can be said to be another peak of China's drinking style, especially paying attention to drinking? Chen? Word, the wine with Chen as the surname, the older the wine, the better? . In addition, the wine channel is pushed to the realm of self-cultivation, and the wine list is varied. Everything in the world, people, flowers and plants, fish and insects, poems and songs, operas and novels, and seasonal customs are all in good order, among which there are many elegant ones, which push China's wine culture from the elegant palace to the popular folk, and from the popularity of celebrities and gentlemen to the hobbies in the streets. Promote ordinary drinking to the lofty status of talking about wine, worshipping drinking utensils, making wine orders and knowing how to drink.

new China

What is the core of today's wine culture? Wine culture? . People's drinking behavior is more common, wine is more closely related to people's fate, and wine is widely integrated into people's lives, close to? Life? Our wine culture has been enriched and developed as never before. Such as birthday party, wedding party, funeral party, etc. , and related wine customs and wine rituals have become an important part of life.

20 13 March, foreign media named the top ten countries in the world that love drinking, with Britain ranking first and China ranking second.

However, the wine culture in China is actually a social culture. Dealing with China people, no matter what occasion, real drinking, or even drinking at the morphological level, needs to express spiritual content. Guests come from afar, and no wine is not enough to show affection; In its heyday, no wine is not enough to show pleasure; On the anniversary of the funeral, there are many wines that make him sad and heartbroken; Time flies, no wine is not enough to eliminate loneliness and sadness; Spring breeze is proud, and no wine is not enough to express lofty sentiments and ambitions.

There is also a paragraph on the Internet that describes what major domestic wine companies are selling: Maotai? Is it expensive? ; Wuliangye sells? Respect? ; Do you sell Jian Nanchun? Hi? ; Does the national pits sell 1573? History? ; Langjiu for sale? Red? ; Do you sell it in Fang Shuijing? Noble? ; Yanghe sells? Feelings? ; Jinliufu sells? Fu? ; Dongjiu for sale? Secret? ; Do you sell Gu Jing Winery? Year? ; Sell in LU ZHOU LAO JIAO CO.,LTD Limited Company? Old? ; Selling alcoholic liquor? Drunk? ; Fenjiu, sell? Collection? . These are all conceptual words that meet the drinking needs of contemporary China people.

Generally speaking, with the changes of the times, China's wine culture has gradually evolved into China's unique political culture, China's unique human culture, China's unique commercial right rent-seeking culture and China's unique public relations dinner culture.