What are the common sense of Manchu civilization etiquette?

Manchu has the virtues of respecting the elderly, respecting the elderly, being hospitable and keeping promises. In dealing with people, Manchu also has strict etiquette requirements. Manchu is a hospitable nation, and it is really "a pleasure to have friends coming from afar". If a guest comes to the house, the whole family should dress up and go outside to meet him. Even now, some Manchu people are not used to receiving guests in pajamas or disheveled clothes, because it is regarded as snub or impolite to guests. Manchu people have the custom of not avoiding outsiders since ancient times, especially the first-time guests. The host should take the initiative to introduce his relatives to the guests to show respect. It is also polite to stay at home for dinner. "Fill the wine, pour half a bowl of tea", because there is a saying that "wine is full of respect, tea is full of deceit", and the host can't put down chopsticks until the guest puts them down. The host and guest are chatting while eating, and the younger generation is absolutely forbidden to interrupt, except Gege (unmarried girl). When going out to be a guest, the elders and the younger generation cannot sit at the same table, and the father and son are not at the same table. Young students usually open another table.

There are still some taboos of Manchu, which are still preserved today. For example, Manchu people also have the custom of letting dogs go. Every family keeps dogs, but they don't kill dogs, eat dog meat, wear dog skin hats, spread dog skin mattresses and use dog skin products. Manchu people are also not allowed to shoot boundless and magpies. There was once a legend of "Magpie God Savior". In the courtyard of Manchu families, everyone likes to plant willow trees, and it is not allowed to tie horses under the willow trees to feed poultry.

Chinese has become an important communication tool for Manchu people, so when friends and relatives meet, greetings are already in Chinese, such as "hello", "good luck" and "tribute to your old man" ... In communication, I like to use "good luck to you and your family" and "peace in your life" at the end.

The Manchu Festival "Golden Reward Festival" is the main traditional festival of Manchu, which was named as the Manchu Memorial Day on October 13th of the lunar calendar. According to legend, when Huang Taiji was born, the original name of Nuzhen was renamed Manchu Memorial Day. Traditional festivals mainly include Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, February 2nd, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival. Traditional sports activities such as "Pearl Ball", vault, camel jumping and skating are generally held during festivals.

Gold Award Festival "Gold Award" is Manchu, which means the date named by Manchu. In the eighth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty (16351June 13), Aisingiorro, son of the late Jin King Nurhachi? Huang Taiji abolished the old name of Nuzhen (also translated as Shen Zhu) and changed his surname to Manchuria. This marks the formation of a new national isomorphism. Huang Taiji officially announced that the Manchu people celebrated this day as a festival. On 10 and 13, Manchu people in Xinjiang gathered together to celebrate their festivals with songs and dances. Many Manchu compatriots put on cheongsam and other national costumes, danced traditional folk dances, sang folk songs and carried out various celebrations. At the same time, we also prepared milk tea, satsuma, cakes, golden silk cakes and other delicious foods for everyone to taste. 1989 10, at the first Manchu culture seminar in Dandong, the annual 12.3 was officially designated as the "Golden Festival".

When Tomb-Sweeping Day went to the grave to worship his ancestors, he didn't put money on the top of the grave after the paper money, but inserted "Buddha flowers" in front of the grave. "Frodo" is Manchu, which translates into "willow" or "willow branch" in Chinese. According to Manchu belief, willow is the ancestor of man, and man is the descendant of willow. In order to show that there are successors, willows should be inserted in the grave.

Mid-Autumn Festival Manchu families also eat "reunion dinner" in the Mid-Autumn Festival. Besides, when the moon rises, there will be a moon. That is, a wooden screen is placed on the east and west side of the courtyard, and cockscomb, soybean branches and fresh lotus roots are hung on the screen for the use of moon rabbits. There is a square table in front of the screen with a big moon cake on it. When offering sacrifices, women worship first, and men worship later.

Manchu Marriage Customs Manchu is a member of the multi-ethnic family in China, and has gradually formed its own marriage customs in the long-term historical development. With the development of the times and society, the marriage customs of Manchu are constantly changing in the process of blending with the Han nationality and other ethnic groups, and gradually formed a set of complicated and meticulous Manchu wedding etiquette, which is the procedures of media communication, making small decisions, visiting the daughter's home, drinking tea, cutting vegetables, picking up other people's wives, getting married, sitting accounts, tying the knot, dividing the size, returning to the door, living with the moon and so on.

Through the media. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Manchu boys could decide to marry and hold a wedding when they were over ten years old. The specific process of concluding an engagement is still that the man actively chooses the woman. In a family with a son, after the parents set the goal of choosing a spouse for their son, they find a matchmaker to reconcile with the woman's family, and the woman's family agrees that the matchmaker will report to the man's family and then exchange portal posts. The post is a piece of red paper with the flag of the married person, the fame, occupation and address of his great-grandfather, grandfather and father, as well as the fame, occupation, age, zodiac sign and date of birth of the married person. Through the communication of matchmakers, see if they are guilty.

Xiaoding. After the media, the man's mother went to see the girl and decided to choose. Look at each other after sitting up, and if the man agrees, choose a day to celebrate. The man's mother puts jewelry on the girl. This is the evolution of the ancient custom of Manchu ancestors that men put feathers on women's heads to show their love.

Worship your daughter's home, also known as Dading. On auspicious days, the male family will get together with relatives and friends of the clan and the new husband to ask the name of the female family, and the female family will also get together with relatives and friends to meet. The man entered the right position, and the old man made a speech expressing his intention to hire. The woman's family made a modest speech to thank her. The new husband went to worship the goddess of the family and then worshipped the relatives of the family. Finally, the female family entered the tea, the guest and the host were translocated, and the male family entered the left position, and a banquet was held to congratulate.

Tea ceremony is that the man chooses to go to the woman's house one day after the dowry is settled. The types and amounts of bride price vary according to status and wealth. Generally, there are pommel horses, pigs and sheep, money and jewelry. The betrothal gift was placed on a high table with a red carpet, carried to the woman's house and displayed in front of Xikang's ancestral case. Parents of both sides knelt down together, poured wine and handed it to each other in order to worship their ancestors, commonly known as "changing cups."

Opening scissors, also known as "winning the lottery", means that the man informs the woman of the wedding date one month before the wedding, which is called "sending the day". The man's house will send the woman's colorful cloth and clothes to her house, which is called "dowry". And ask a blessed woman with two children to cut clothes for the girl, which is called "cutting"

Taking Taha is a special ceremony in Manchu marriage customs. The woman must hold a "pick him up" ceremony on an auspicious day within one month before marriage. When you pick him up, you should clean the indoor and outdoor sanitation first, take out the cable from your mother's pocket and put it on the ancestral temple board. One end is tied to the inclined frame of the ancestral temple board, and the other end is pulled on the willow branches for sacrifice outside the house. Shaman presided over the ceremony, and the whole family of married girls kowtowed to their ancestors. When the girl was born, the priest took off the Taha patch tied to the rope and threw it into the river or street to show her longevity.

Marriage is the most important part of Manchu marriage customs. The traditional wedding of Manchu is generally a "three-day wedding", and the first day is called "ringing the bell shed". On this day, the man prepared a banquet for relatives and friends attending the wedding and set up a shed with seats or cloth in his yard. There are even happy characters hanging on the shed posts, and couplets help men, women and children. Because this day is not only about beating drums, but also cooking stoves and chopping wood, it is called "bell-knocking shed". The next day was called "sedan chair performance". On this day, we will kill pigs, run oil and set the table. Manchu custom is that the groom rides a horse and the bride sits up. On this day, the groom and the married person should follow the drum music along the street. On the third day, the wedding will be held. On this day, a series of sacrificial activities will be held: paving the floor, inserting cars, holding back, hanging bronze mirrors, carrying braziers, shooting three arrows, crossing saddles, carrying hijab, worshiping Beidou, holding bottles of firewood, sitting on the account, entering the bridal chamber and so on.

Hit the ground. The day before the wedding, the bride bowed down to the ancestor god, bowed down to "Mother Frodo" and prayed for her happiness. Then, accompanied by the farewell woman and her brother, the girl was sent to a pre-selected relative's house for accommodation with a float. Yue "lays the ground". It is customary for her mother not to see her off. Generally, the next place is close to the man's house, and the standard is that you can't see the man's house.

Plug in the car. The bride and the farewell team set out from the "next place" in the morning. Before leaving, they should leave some money for the host to show their gratitude for staying, commonly known as "money for sleeping on the kang". When the farewell team and the wedding team met on the way, the car and sedan chair stopped at the same time, and the bride's brother carried the bride from his car to the bridal sedan chair. After that, the pro-team will gather and March to the man's house. This custom is called "inserting a car".

Holding back is also called "persuasion". This refers to sending the pro-team to the front door of the man's house and temporarily preventing the bride from getting off the sedan chair, which means shaking the temper of the bride and girl and making the married life happier. Of course, you can't hold it for long.

Brazier refers to the "padding shoes" before the bride gets off the sedan chair, and walks off the sedan chair on the little red stool. Walk into the hospital along the paved red carpet. The bride has to cross a brazier on the road to show that the wedding day is booming.

When the groom gets off the sedan chair, he should symbolically shoot three arrows at the bride to drive away the evil spirits that come with the bride. Some people say it comes from the old custom of "robbing marriage".

The next ceremony is "sitting on the account", also called "sitting on the blessing". According to some Manchu old people, in the early years, Manchu men went out to fight with the Eight Banners Army. At the wedding, they sent the bride to the military camp to get married, so this custom was handed down. The so-called "account" is temporarily set in front of the main window. Rich people use felt cloth, while ordinary people use summer sleeping mats. It used to take a long time to take a single order, some of them took a day, but now it only takes an hour or two. Before the settlement is over, the female elder will open the bride's face and comb her hair. The so-called "face-opening" is to twist the hair off the bride's face with a thin thread, indicating that she has become a married woman. "Comb your hair" means changing the bride's girl's hairstyle to the "two ends" or "big wings" of Manchu married women.

Then "worship the big dipper", which is near noon. There is a table of heaven and earth in the yard, with gods and offerings on it. The bride and groom worship heaven and earth, which is called "worship Beidou" in Manchu. Old Manchu people often say that we are from Changbai Mountain. To worship Beidou is to worship Changbai Mountain and our ancestors. A couple knelt at a low table, and the women who saw them off were encouraged to drink. The two exchanged three glasses of wine. Shamans read greetings to the couple in Manchu, which is called "Achabumi" song, which is divided into three sections. After each cut, cut a piece of meat with a knife and throw it into the air, pour a glass of white wine and sprinkle it on the ground. People smiled and said goodbye, * * * wishing the couple a "happy marriage".

In some places, the bride's veil was not lifted until then, and the groom had to take it off with a scale and put it on the eaves. The homonym here means "contentment" and "promotion step by step". Before the bride entered the bridal chamber, two girls took a picture of the bride with bronze mirrors, and then hung two bronze mirrors on the bride's shoulders to ward off evil spirits.

When the bride and groom get started, they should take firewood and Aquarius to show their "treasure". Saddle crossing is also a popular custom in Manchu weddings. That is, when the bride enters the bridal chamber, she should straddle the saddle on the threshold of the house. This is also the meaning of "entering the door with a flat saddle" with the help of homophones. "One person" led the other person to the bed, sat down, put an axe under the mattress and said "sit on the axe". The girl's family prepares sugar dumplings for the bride and groom to eat together, which is called "children's cake". The question is: Will it be born? . After eating, the bride dressed up to worship her ancestors, in-laws and the elders of the man, saying "divide the size."

After that, the wedding reception began. Generally, wealthy families should hold "three sets of bowl seats" with Manchu characteristics, and the groom should "worship the seats" to thank relatives and friends. On the wedding night, young people naturally want to have a wedding. The bride and groom are all sitting on the edge of the kang, and the guests scatter the dates, peanuts and chestnuts in the fruit bowl into the account and recite some greetings:

One scatters splendor, the other scatters gold and jade, the third scatters three yuan to come early, the fourth scatters the dragon wind to be auspicious, the fifth scatters the five sons to worship the prime minister, the sixth scatters the six rivers to grow in the same spring, the seventh scatters the husband and wife to carry ambitions together, the eighth scatters the eight horses to return home, the ninth scatters the nine lives, and the tenth scatters the ten golden days to be auspicious.

Three days, seven days and a month after marriage, the groom will accompany the bride back to her mother's house and say "go back". Before leaving, my mother-in-law should prepare and hold a "four-color ceremony". A month later, the new daughter-in-law will go back to her mother's house for a month, which is called "living in the right month", that is, living in her husband's house and her mother's house for one month each.

Manchu Etiquette Manchu interpersonal etiquette and customs, not only have beautiful etiquette such as respecting the elderly, respecting the elderly and entertaining guests, but also are influenced by the Han nationality, absorbing some Confucian feudal ethics of "Three Cardinals and Five Permits", and of course retaining some remnants of clan and tribal system.

(A) "Respect for the elderly" is the central content of Manchu etiquette.

After entering the customs, Emperor Kangxi and Emperor Qianlong held many "Thousand Banquets" to advocate respecting the elderly. Therefore, Manchu people, whether officials, gentry or ordinary people, regard respecting the elderly as a virtue and become an important part of family rules and laws.

On weekdays, the younger generation who live together will pay New Year greetings to the elderly every morning and evening. Listen to the teachings of the elders and don't contradict them. Walk with your elders, but follow behind. When going in and out, you should open the door for your elders a few steps in advance and let them go first. In the room, please sit down first. When the elders speak, they must be allowed and must not be interrupted. When the elders go out for a long trip, they should be sent out of the gate and greeted at the gate when they come back. When young people come back from going out, they should greet their parents first, and then go back to their rooms separately.

When roads meet, the younger generation must stand by and let the elders go first. When eating, elders should sit and eat first, so that they can sit and move chopsticks. After eating, the elders put down their chopsticks and the younger generation can leave. In the past, Manchu was "father and son are not at the same table", but now it has changed.

Daughter-in-law is most polite and respectful to husband and wife. If you have to get up early every day to cook, pack cigarettes, wash with water and greet people. Stand and serve three meals a day, don't sit with your in-laws. Unmarried girls have a special status and "can eat here in Wenggu".

(2) Manchu people are very "customer-oriented and trustworthy".

Manchu people are hospitable, trust friends and value feelings. After entering the customs, Manchu still followed this practice. When guests come home, they must set a kang table and buy wine to entertain them. Banquet dishes are even, and drinking will end in a large glass. Manchu people keep their word and promise their friends, and they will do whatever it takes.

Manchu families in mountainous areas are more hospitable because there are few guests. When the owner goes out or works in the field, the door is not locked. Passers-by or tourists can go in, drink water and eat at will, and just put the stick in the box in front of the door when they leave. This small box with sticks is called "Keming Box".

(3) The most important and common manners of Manchu people are:

Meeting ceremony Meeting ceremony mainly includes kowtow ceremony, face-to-face ceremony, hug ceremony, hand-holding ceremony, bow ceremony and shoulder rubbing ceremony. The kowtowing ceremony is a great gift for young people to meet their elders. In the past, civilians met princes and nobles, and slaves met their masters. There are four kinds of kowtows. One is "one kneeling and three knocking", which is generally for parents, masters or elders; The other is "two knees and six knocks", which is generally for parents, grandfathers, grandmothers and elders; The other is "three kneeling and nine knocking", which is mainly used for offering sacrifices to gods, ancestors and emperors; There is also a kind of "one kneeling and four knocking", which is usually used when children meet their elders during the Chinese New Year.

Face-to-face ceremony is the etiquette of the old couple when they meet again after a long separation. The woman leaned her head against the man's chest, and the man held his wife in his left hand and touched the back of her head with his right hand.

When relatives and friends who haven't seen each other for a long time meet, hugs and meeting gifts are a good gift. If it is between peers, both men and women, the two sides are facing each other; If the elder meets the younger generation, the younger generation holds the elder's waist with both hands, and the elder leans over and sticks his face on the younger generation, then straightens up and touches the younger generation's back with his hands. This is also called "waist ceremony".

Hand-holding ceremony is widely used, between young and old, between peers, between relatives and friends. In ancient times, it was said that Manchu people "have no bow ceremony and want to hold hands." The two sides who met held each other with their right hands, but they didn't hold them tightly, just like shaking hands now.

Jugongli, this is the etiquette for friends and relatives to meet on weekdays. If it is between the elders and the younger generation, the younger generation should bow to the elders, or between peers, to do so.

Giving big gifts is a common etiquette between host and guest. Manchu families often entertain passing guests for free. When the guest leaves, the guest and the host can rub each other with one shoulder several times. This shows the guest's gratitude to the host. Friends I haven't seen for days also make this gift.

Greeting ceremony Greeting ceremony mainly includes: Millennium ceremony, kneeling ceremony, kneeling ceremony, touching the temple and so on.

Thousands of gifts are common greeting gifts for men. Also known as "kneeling on one leg" and "shouldering the head". When saluting, anyone wearing an arrow suit or gown should first put down the sleeve head, then move his left foot forward and bend forward, move his right leg back and squat down, put his left hand on his left knee, droop his right hand, lean his head and neck forward slightly and say "please" and "please". Stand up straight after the ceremony.

Bowing ceremony, also called "Bowing Ceremony", is a greeting ceremony for men. The worshiper puts down his hand, bows to the recipient, puts his knees in his hands, kneels on the ground, and then says "Say hello to so-and-so". With the sound, he stood up and stood aside.

Squatting ceremony, also called semi-squatting ceremony, is a woman's greeting to her elders. The saluter stands in front of the recipient, his feet are parallel, his hands support his knees, and then bows, his knees slightly bent, like a squat, chanting "Please pay attention to safety".

The ceremony of caressing the temples is a courtesy for women of the same age to greet each other when they meet each other daily. The woman who met touched her forehead three times with her right hand, nodded several times at the same time, and looked at each other with her eyes to express her greetings. The recipient also pays tribute by touching the temple.

Farewell ceremony is an important part of social etiquette, which mainly includes boxing, hugging, kissing, holding hands and bowing.

Yoko, also known as back Yoko, is a farewell ceremony when guests leave. When the general guest leaves, the host will send him outside the yard. When the guest leaves with the host, turn around and take a step back, and put your hands close to your body for a step or two. Then he nodded goodbye to the host, and the host nodded with his hand.

In the farewell ceremony, the etiquette of hugging, kissing, holding hands and bowing is similar to the etiquette of meeting.