May I ask the origin and value of the jade plate (Mubeile) in Qing Dynasty ~ Thank you ~ ~

The genealogy of the royal family is called Yupan. Jade plate in Qing dynasty is the genealogy of the royal family in Qing dynasty. China has been cultivating jade for generations. Unfortunately, jade records of various dynasties before the Qing Dynasty have not been circulated in the world. Jade Dies of the Qing Dynasty is the only royal genealogy that has been completely and systematically preserved so far. China No.1 Historical Archives has more than 2,600 jade records of Qing Dynasty, and Liaoning Provincial Archives also keeps roughly the same copy. This is a valuable cultural heritage of our country, which is of great value to the study of the laws and regulations, court history, royal household registration, population statistics, genealogy and so on in the Qing Dynasty.

The family tree of the royal family is called Jade Brand. Jade plate in Qing dynasty is the genealogy of the royal family in Qing dynasty. Jade butterflies have been cultivated in China for generations. Unfortunately, before the Qing Dynasty, the jade plates of various dynasties did not circulate in the world. The jade plate in Qing Dynasty is the only royal family tree that has been completely preserved so far. China No.1 Historical Archives contains more than 2,600 copies of all kinds of jade vines in the Qing Dynasty, and Liaoning Provincial Archives also keeps roughly the same copies. This is a valuable cultural heritage of our country.

After the struggle for office in Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty,

Do not build storage space, become customized; Therefore, every prince may be the future emperor. Therefore, all kinds of emperors must write from birth.

There are many interesting legends about concubines getting rich. Although they are interesting, I can't introduce them. But the queen and the numbered concubines have their own fixed residences. The emperor will accompany a certain day, or ask a certain concubine to a certain place for good night. Therefore, as the highest official position of eunuchs, respect rooms must be recorded.

As soon as the concubines confirmed their pregnancy, the doctors in their own hospitals regularly "please take the pulse" and take anti-abortion medicine. When they reach their second full term, the Ministry of the Interior will "send a message to these women". The first thing is to choose a milk port, in fact, to find a stable woman, all chosen by the wife of Tu Sanqi.

After the child was born, Jing Shi informed the Ministry of Internal Affairs to record the "Jade Plate". The so-called "jade plate" is the royal family tree "; Ai Xin Jue Luo is divided into two categories: the descendants of Mao are called imperial clan, and the descendants of Mao brothers are called Jue Luo. The belt is divided into yellow and red, so it is commonly called "yellow belt" and Jue Luo is "red belt". As the name implies, the cover of the jade plate is yellow and the Jue Luo is red, so it may be called yellow thin and red thin.

Of course, the emperor's daughter is recorded in the Yellow Book. The main contents include gender, birth mother's surname, position number, date of birth and midwife's surname, so as to trace the dispute.

Then there is naming, and the time is different in the morning and evening. Some died shortly after birth, and they were all anonymous and did not receive the ranking of Yupan. It was very common during the Kangxi period. It was not until the eldest son of Emperor Kangxi inherited Yin that the naming system was defined and the word Yin was used next to the word Xiu. Choose a distant character in a pavilion, please delimit it in calligraphy.

Jade Death-A Brief Introduction of Imperial Clan Jade Plate and China Emperor's Genealogy. In the Qing Dynasty, Jade Dies recorded the genealogy of the descendants of emperors from Xian Zongde, including marriage, childbirth, inheritance, knighthood, knighthood, promotion and demotion and death. Generally speaking, the imperial system is unified, arranged according to the order of generations, arranged according to the clan branch and the number of houses, and it is stipulated to be built once every 10 year.

China has had a system of compiling royal genealogy since the Tang Dynasty more than 65,438+0,300 years ago. However, due to the war, only the royal family tree of the Qing Dynasty, Jade Dies, was completely preserved. Jade models in Qing Dynasty were compiled 28 times from the 17th year of Shunzhi to the 10th year of the Republic of China. According to the blood relationship, the royal family in Qing Dynasty was divided into "imperial clan" (commonly known as "yellow belt") and collateral "Jueluo" (commonly known as "red belt"). At that time, it was stipulated that every emperor's family should report to Zongren House, which was in charge of royal affairs, once every three months after giving birth to a child. Jade models are compiled every 10 year. The living write with a red pen, and the dead write with an ink pen. If there are duplicate names, humble or young people will change their names. [ 1]

Jade Dies in Qing Dynasty are the genealogy of emperors in Qing Dynasty. It is divided into Manchu and Chinese. This file system records the royal population and genealogy of the Qing Dynasty, which is of great value to the study of the royal population and genealogy of China in the Qing Dynasty. This document is the official version of the Qing Dynasty and the Royal Archives (Huangshicheng). In terms of shape, volume and mounting, it is the best genealogy in the world. [2]

Jade Mould-Jade Mould in Qing Dynasty

The genealogy of the royal family is called "Jade Death". Jade records have been recorded in China in past dynasties, but the only royal family tree that has been completely preserved so far is the jade records in Qing Dynasty.

Since the eighteenth year of Shunzhi, * * * has compiled jade records for 28 times.

From the 13th year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty, jade molds were compiled every 10 year. At that time, the Jade Mold Museum was opened, and the emperor appointed the deputy curator and the chief proofreader. * * * has compiled jade records for 28 times since it was first compiled in the eighteenth year of Shunzhi.

The compilation of jade books in Qing Dynasty embodies the strict concept of hierarchy and fully embodies the feudal ethics, which is manifested in many aspects such as royal naming, arrangement order, compilation methods and so on.

In feudal society, the emperor enjoyed supreme dignity. In the imperial clan jade death, the emperor system is a unified system. According to the order of generations, the emperor ranks first in each generation, pushing from near to far. The name of the emperor must be taboo. Wherever the name of the emperor appears in Yushu, a small piece of yellow silk should be covered to show respect. In most cases, only the year number or temple number of the emperor is written, and the name of the emperor is not written.

The thickest volume of the jade mold is 85cm and its weight is about 90kg.

In the Qing Dynasty, Jade Butterfly took Taksi, the father of Nurhachi, as the patriarch and entered the Yellow Book. Taking Tucker's uncles and brothers as collateral, it is called Jue Luo and entered the little red book. Jade Die records the reproductive relationship between the royal family and the imperial clan, grandparents and granddaughters Sun San.

There are two editing methods: straight grid and horizontal grid.

China No.1 Historical Archives draws a 16 vertical grid on each page of Yupan Library. General 1-2 box records a name item, reflecting the details of men and women in the same generation. In principle, each generation subscribes to one copy, but there are also several generations of tracts bound together. The prince also remembered the seal and so on.

The records about the emperor are particularly detailed, generally accounting for two or three pages. In addition to the above, it also includes the date of his establishment as the Crown Prince, the date of his accession to the throne, posthumous title, the number of the temple, the surname of his birth mother and its emblem, and the promotion of his empresses.

However, not all queens can be listed as emperors in The Jade Emperor. Seventeen years ago, concubines were allowed to include jade books when they had children. In the seventeenth year of Daoguang, the empress was included in the next family, whether she had children or not, those who had children below the imperial concubine were included, and those who had no children were not included. This not only embodies the distinction between honor and inferiority, but also conforms to the feudal traditional concept of "mother is more important than son"

In the form of horizontal jade dice, each page draws 13 rows of horizontal grids, each horizontal grid represents a generation, the highest generation is written in the first horizontal grid at the beginning of the volume, and its descendants are arranged in descending order of generations. Royal women are not included in the horizontal jade, but only included in the straight jade compiled by generations.

Jade mold is divided into large format and small format according to the size of the book. The large format is 90cm х 45cm, and the small format is 54cm31cm. In later dynasties, the more pages jade died, the heavier the weight. There is a book "Jade Record" compiled during Guangxu period, which is 85cm thick and weighs about 90kg.

authorized strength

The compilation of jade models in Qing Dynasty can be divided into Manchu and Chinese characters. The important documents in the early Qing Dynasty were written in Manchu, and so were the jade records. The records of imperial seals compiled by Shunzhi and Kangxi Dynasties are only in Manchu.

In the first year of Yongzheng, two Han masters were added and selected among the Jinshi. On the recommendation of the emperor, they got extra posts. Since then, every year, the children of the imperial clan Jue Luo have been listed and sent to the government, and they are recorded in Manchu and Chinese. Therefore, apart from a few Manchu languages compiled in the early stage, the imperial seal of the Qing Dynasty is basically written in Manchu and Chinese, with the same format and content.

Jade Death-Meaning

It provides an accurate numerical basis for demographic research.

Take Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty as an example. He had 35 emperors and 20 daughters, but only 20 emperors and 8 daughters really lived to be 18 years old. There are 12 emperors who died before the age of five, 10 daughters, and most adults died in their forties. Only 12 sons (79 years old) of Emperor Jinyun, 16 sons (73 years old) of Emperor Yun Lu and 23 sons (73 years old) of Emperor Yun Qi lived beyond 70 years old. Princess Ge Jing Gulen, the sixth longest-lived woman, only lived to 57 years old.

The situation in the emperor shunzhi is even worse. Among the eight sons and six daughters, there are four princes and five maids who died before the age of eight. The oldest prince was Michelle Ye, the third son of Emperor Kangxi, at the age of 69. Only the second woman among the imperial women lived to be an adult, only to be 33 years old. Therefore, the level of medical and health conditions at that time was very low, coupled with some bad habits of royal family members, the mortality rate was high and the average life expectancy was not long. The death rate of royal women in Qing Dynasty was higher than that of men, and their average life expectancy was shorter than that of men, which is contrary to the phenomenon that the average life expectancy of women in modern society is generally higher than that of men, and is worth studying.

The emperor's royal visit to the Jade Emperor was very grand.

After the jade die is completed, a ceremony of "presenting a royal view" will be held, and the emperor will be invited to "collect books from the Royal Treasure Hall and celebrate the Royal Taihe Hall". The ceremony was grand and complicated. First, Qin Tian Jian chose an auspicious day, and did not set up a jade coffin table in Taihe Gate, and Zongren House set up a colorful pavilion. Coming out of the jade coffin hall, he carried the jade coffin of Caige, went to the Hall of Supreme Harmony, held a case in the Hall of Supreme Harmony, unfolded the jade coffin, and invited the emperor to board the Hall of Supreme Harmony to "read the jade coffin".

In the ceremony of welcoming jade to death, the guards are in front and the guards are behind, and Huang Gai, Dragon Flag and Imperial War play to guide the welcome music. Hundreds of civil and military officials dressed in royal robes knelt down to meet them and see them off. After the ceremony, one set of jade molds was sent to the imperial emperor for collection, and the other set was sent to the jade mold library of Zongrenfu for temporary storage, ready to be transported to Shengjing.

Jade Mould-Value

The genealogy of the imperial clan in the Qing Dynasty was last revised to 7,000 pages, among which there were more than 65,438+10,000 men in the imperial clan. From this point of view, the genealogy of the Qing dynasty is the most abundant in the world.

The value of jade records in Qing dynasty is mainly reflected in the large number of historical materials, which continuously and completely record the reproduction of population, especially the female population and marriage data. Because of this, in the eyes of Chinese and foreign scholars who study history of qing dynasty, the imperial seal of the Qing Dynasty is the real treasure house. In addition, the jade model of Qing Dynasty is written in Manchu and Chinese, with exquisite binding and calligraphy, and it is also a precious cultural relic with great aesthetic value.