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Mendelssohn Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy (1809.2.3-1847.11.4) is a German composer and conductor.

Felix Mendelssohn was born in a Jewish family in Hamburg on 1809. His grandfather was a philosopher moses mendelssohn and his father was a successful banker. Felix grew up in a pampered and well-educated environment. Mother is a pianist. She taught him his first piano lesson. Sister Fanny Kathiri (1805- 1847) is a creative piano and composer, and also a precious friend of Felix.

Felix Mendelssohn, a piano prodigy, began to perform in public at the age of 9, 10 composed poems 19, 12 composed piano quartets (op. 1), and 14 organized his own private band. At the age of 20, he publicized Bach's works by conducting his first public performance "The Passion of Matthew" after his death. This is 1829, and the performance place is Berlin Singing Academy. Make a sensation and become a famous conductor. He made an important contribution to the revival of Bach's works. In the same year, he went to England to command London Philharmonic Orchestra, which was the first of his ten trips to England. After his holiday in Scotland, he expressed his impression with the prelude to Hebrides and the Scottish symphony (No.3 in A minor), although these two works were written after his visit to Italy in 1830- 183 1. I met Berlioz in Rome and began to brew the Italian Symphony (No.4 in A major). The next main stop was Paris (183 1- 1832), where I met Liszt and Chopin. 1833, he returned to Germany, completed the Italian symphony, and became the music director in Dü sseldorf. 1835 became the conductor of the famous concert in Leipzig. 1837 married Cecil Jean Reno, who was born in a Huguenot family. 1842 founded Leipzig Conservatory of Music with Schumann and others. He managed to visit England again and conducted his oratorio Elijah at Birmingham Music Festival in 1846, which was a brilliant success. At this time, his health had gone from bad to worse. The death of his beloved sister in the second year was a great blow to him and accelerated his death. He died six months later. The age is 38 years and 9 months 1 day.

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Mendelssohn is the most perfect master of music form after Mozart. The perfect combination of classical tradition and romantic interest in his works gives people a poetic elegance. He is good at bringing beautiful melodies into formal classical forms. He is not only a poet who enthusiastically praises nature, but also a landscape painter who is good at using illusory brushes. His music is called "descriptive romanticism".

Mendelssohn's talent as a composer, conductor and pianist was encouraged by piano teachers, such as Marie Bigo (in Paris), Ludwig Berger, Mo Shelley and Zecht (they taught him to compose in Berlin in 18 17).

In his short life, he created a large number of music works of various genres. His works are gentle and comfortable, beautiful and quiet, complete and rigorous, with few contradictions and conflicts, full of poetic fantasies, reflecting the stability and prosperity in his life. His Finger Cave, Piano Concerto No.1, Songs Without Words, Italian Symphony and Scottish Symphony are all well-known works.

Mendelssohn's earliest "mature" works, A Midsummer Night's Dream Overture (1826) and hebrides (1830- 1832), show his exquisite skills and unique melody style, which marks an important stage in the history of title or descriptive concert overture creation. In his later works, his vision has been greatly expanded (symphony, concerto, oratorio, chorus, chamber music, piano music, organ sonata and songs), but there is no great progress in "skills" or expression. The conciseness, grace and harmony of many of his music works reached the peak in the Birmingham premiere of Elijah, which set a standard for Victoria's musical interest in the middle period. But he also boldly explored, which is proved by the unusual structure and Wagner style in the underestimated Religious Reform Symphony (No.5 in D minor). The piano solo without words is exquisite and charming, which makes it impossible to listen to one song after another continuously, but it is full of pleasing innovations. His famous performance The Passion of Matthew greatly promoted the revival of Bach's music. Since he conducted the Boom Band, he has become more and more famous, and orchestral performance has set a new standard because of his command.

[Edit this paragraph] Main works

(1) band:

Five symphonies (the second is a chorus hymn written in 1840, the third is a Scottish symphony written in 1842, the fourth is an Italian symphony written in 1833, and the fifth is a Reformation symphony written in 65438+.

The overtures are: A Midsummer Night's Dream (1826), hebrides (1830- 1832, also known as Sugar Cave), Calm Sea and Happy Sailing (1828) and Beautiful.

Piano concertos include: G minor (183 1) and D minor (1837); Concerto for two pianos includes A flat major (1824), E major and violin concerto (1844).

(2) Chorus works:

The oratorios are: Sao Paulo (1834- 1836), Elijah (1846- 1847) and Jesus Christ (unfinished,1847);

Symphony chorus "hymn" (1840, some people call it the second symphony); Nine poems and songs; Nine classic songs.

(3) Drama music:

Operas include: Camacho's Wedding (1825), Son and Stranger (1829) and Laurelii (unfinished,1847); The soundtrack of the play includes antigone (184 1), The First Night in Gith, Valppu (183 1, 1842) and A Midsummer Night's Dream (/kloc).

(4) Chamber music:

Six string quartets; Three piano quartets (1822-1825); Two string quintets (183 1,1845); String sextet (1824); String octet (1825); Two trio (in D minor,1839; C minor,1845); Violin sonata and two cello sonatas (1838, 1843).

(5) Piano: Capriccio in F minor (1825); Capriccio Rondo in E minor; Six Preludes and Fugues (1832-1837); Six episodes of songs without words.

(6) Organ: three preludes and fugues (1833-1837); Six sonatas (1839- 1844).

(7) Chorus of songs and melodies: ten sets of songs accompanied by piano; Eleven sets of melody chorus.

Mendelssohn's artistic achievements

1, creating an elegant and pure short song without words, is a piano sketch with a melody like a song accompanied by it, and its characteristics are very close to songs, which can record daily feelings like a diary; He made an important contribution to the title symphony, and created such famous works as "A Midsummer Night's Dream Overture", which are intertwined with romanticism and classicism. Music contains both classical logic and romantic fantasy. His Violin Concerto in E minor is a world-recognized masterpiece with gorgeous skills and sweet melody, which shows the bright side of life.

2. In the enlightenment of music, he made people forget Bach's work "The Passion of Matthew" for almost a hundred years, which is one of the most important events in the history of music, and people began to know Bach again.

3. In music education, he founded Leipzig Conservatory of Music, the first conservatory in Germany, which laid a solid foundation for the development of modern music education.

[Edit this paragraph] Appreciation of works

A Midsummer Night's Dream

Mendelssohn wrote two musical works for Shakespeare's comedy A Midsummer Night's Dream. One is a prelude to "A Midsummer Night's Dream", which was played by the author 1826 17 at the age of seven. It was adapted to orchestral music the following year, and it was called the first prelude to a romantic title concert in the history of music. The other is the drama score written by 1843 for A Midsummer Night's Dream. Among them, the overture chose the overture of that year.

Prelude to a Midsummer Night's Dream is Mendelssohn's masterpiece. Its melody is lively and cheerful, which is a portrayal of the author's happy life and happy mood. This song expresses the mythical fantasy, the mystery and poetry of nature. The whole song is full of youthful vitality and fresh breath from a 65,438+07-year-old young man. It also embodies the skills and excellent musical expression that are difficult for peers to master, and fully shows the composer's creative style and unique talent. It is a milestone in Mendelssohn's creative process.

After the illusory brief introduction, the music entered the first light and dexterous theme of violin playing, depicting the elves dancing in the dim moonlight. Then the second theme was joyful. The orchestral ensemble was accompanied by a magnificent horn, showing rough and powerful dance music, and then turned to the theme of passionate and docile lovers. The tune was simple and moving. After many musical developments and changes, the band played a new theme dance, which was humorous and playful.