What are ancient bronze statues used for?

There are many ancient Chinese bronzes, and their functions are different. Do you know what the bronze statue is for? Next, come with me to learn about ancient bronze statues. Welcome to read!

The use of ancient bronze statues

In the eyes of the ancients, bronzes had two basic functions or uses. One is? Accept (inside) and enter? , that is, holding things; One is? Settings? Furnish Bree. "Book of Rites? The ritual vessel is very clear: Three animals and fish wax, four seas and Kyushu cuisine, water bean recommendation, four seasons harmony, inner gold, display harmony, combination of silk and jade, respect for morality; Turtles are in the forefront, and prophets are also; Gold comes second, love comes second. Zheng Xuan Note:? Gold has two meanings, first enter and then decide. Na is the first basic function of bronze ware. What is the basic use of Na? Show peace? The object of acceptance is the so-called ancient literature? Physical objects (real things)? Is that what it says? Three beasts and fish wax? ,? Four seasons peace? In fact, it is the daily necessities such as offering sacrifices to ancestors (meat), millet (staple food) and wine and grain. Its main purpose is to put these things into various utensils such as Ding Gui Zunyi, and then reconcile them for ancestor worship. Ding, the treasure of five flavors. "Lu Chunqiu? Ben Willo Yi Yin? Negative tripod, soup with flavor, to the king? , "Mandarin? "Zheng Yu Lu" records that Shi Bo said: Husband and life belong to class, he is equal to what he calls the sum, so he can get rich and return to things. Is it to adjust the mouth with five flavors and defend the body with rigid limbs? Zuozhuan? According to Zhao Gong's Twenty Years Record, Yan Ying said: Harmony is like soup, water, fire, acyl, salt and plum to cook fish. If you pay, you can kill your husband and let him have a taste. If you don't help, you can let go. With the help of the late king, there are five flavors and five tones to calm his heart and become his government. Are claiming that bronzes are used to adjust the content? There are still five flavors? With what? Show peace? The basic meaning of. Is there any way to reconcile? You can put it down if you have no choice? The ultimate goal lies in harmony with the people. Its politics? .

A deeper meaning

There is another or deeper meaning to express peace with gold, and that is? Things? Or? Like things? Show peace. Zuozhuan? Three years in Gong Xuan says? Casting a tripod or something, let people know that God is treacherous? Coordinate the inheritance of heaven with energy. It turns out that the tripod casting and bronze ware are not only used to hold and adjust sacrifices and other gifts offered to ancestors, but also play an important role? Like things? , that is, depicting the appearance of bronze? Things? The image of. Generally speaking, the essence of bronze decoration is object image. So what? Things? What is this? The answer is actually very simple. Things, square things, magical things. Things? That is, the gods people worship, or the gods they regard as the origin of ancestors, are similar to the so-called western gods? Totem? At that time, Mr. Fu Sinian first invented: What is a totem in his "Spring and Autumn Gongya Fish Soup Postscript"? It can be said that it is insightful. In fact, what have you seen in the documents of the pre-Qin Dynasty? Things? Words, many can be understood like this. For example, Shangshu? Travel mastiff:? Mr. Bi Wu? ; "Poetry? Daya？ People born:? what's up ; Zuo Zhuan lived in seclusion for five years: Take the materials chapter by chapter? "Two Years of Huan Gong": Contrast images with five colors and show their things? Twelve years in Gong Xuan:? A hundred officials move like things? ; Zhou Yu in Mandarin:? Is it brave to serve things? "Vietnamese": people and gods are mixed, not square things? ; And the "spring official" in Zhou Li? Dabo:? Sacrifice everything in the world with sacrifice? , "Chang Si" and so on? Flag? , "Da Le": Six changes lead to elephant gods? Wait a minute.

This lump is probably its sacrificial significance and symbolic significance, but it does not say that bronze ware is a symbol of power in the Central Plains.

Classification of ancient bronze statues

? Respect? It is a container for wine or a ritual vessel. Mainly seen in Shang Dynasty and Western Zhou Dynasty, but rare after the Spring and Autumn Period. Get information? Respect? Today? Hey? , continue to check? Hey? It is also suitable for wine containers. I'm confused. Is it mentioned in ancient poetry? Hey? Who, like Li Bai in Difficult to Go? The price of pure wine, gold cup, 10 thousand copper for a hip flask? ; Su Shi in Niannujiao? Is it in "Red Cliff Nostalgia"? Or a month? .

1, Siyangfang Zunchao: Late Shang Collection: China National Museum.

1938 was unearthed at the mountainside of Yueshan Bricklaying Lun, Huangcai Town, Ningxiang County, Changsha City, Hunan Province. Siyang Square is the largest bronze square statue of Shang Dynasty in China, with a length of 52.4 cm, a height of 58.3 cm and a weight of 34.5 kg. It has a long neck, a round, towering neck. The four sides are decorated with banana leaf patterns, triangular letters and animal faces. The center of the statue is the center of gravity. The four corners of the statue are made of a sheep. The four corners of the shoulder are the heads of sheep with four rolled horns. At the same time, Fang Zun's shoulders are decorated with dragons with claws and high-relief snake bodies. In the middle of the statue, where two sheep are next to each other, a pair of horned dragon heads protrude out of the table and meander out from the right shoulders on both sides of Fang Zun in the middle of the former residence. One of the third batch of 94 cultural relics prohibited from leaving the country.

3. Fang Zun Dynasty: Middle Western Zhou Collection: Shaanxi History Museum

1955 Unearthed in Li Jiacun, Meixian County, Baoji City, Shaanxi Province. Height 17.2 cm, caliber 17 cm, weight 2.75 kg. I was born in the middle of the Western Zhou Dynasty. After being canonized by King Zhou, I made this statue with the inscription 108, which was commended by Ji Rongchong. This statue is a straight cube, and each corner has a raised leaf edge, which is tall and solemn; The mouth of the statue is round, and the upper part is trumpet-shaped, forming a new shape of outer circle and inner circle. There are 1 two-way curled trunk hands on both sides of the statue, whose position and image are very appropriate, which is a clever combination of practicality and aesthetics; The center of the abdomen is decorated with a circular pattern, and the two sides are lined with a combination of straight lines and curves, which is clear in priority; The circle foot is filled with a band pattern of stealing music, which is different from the main pattern of the abdomen. The neck is still kuiwen, but the area and quantity are correspondingly weakened, so as not to pretend to be the master. The space of this statue in Kuiwen is decorated with Yun Leiwen and ground patterns, which makes the objects rich, diverse and unified.

4. China National Museum Shang Dynasty Pavilion.

1957 was unearthed in Miaoxiang County, Funan City, Anhui Province. It is tall, with a wide mouth, a bulging belly, a round height, a height of 50 cm, a caliber of 45 cm and a weight of about 20 kg. The foundry workers are extremely fine, forming three layers of patterns as a whole. The shoulders are combined with round carvings and reliefs to create three lifelike images of Panlong. The abdomen is divided into three groups with the same ornamentation, all of which are cannibals of Shuang Hu. The gluttonous pattern is carved into a circle, also called the animal face pattern. This design symbolizes the gluttonous face of a greedy and fierce beast in ancient legend.

5. Caihou Shenzun Dynasty: Spring and Autumn Collection: China National Museum.

1955 unearthed from Cai zhaohou's tomb in shou county, Lu' an city, Anhui province. Height 29.7 cm, caliber 25.3 cm, foot diameter 19.7 cm. The vessel's body looks thick, the upper mouth is trumpet-shaped, the periphery is flat, the lower abdomen is raised, and it is decorated with gluttonous patterns. The inner wall of the vessel is engraved with 23 lines and 95 words, describing how Cai Zhaohou made vessels for Damen Temple in 5 18 BC. Zhong Ming statement? To the king of Wu? This is evidence of Cai's intermarriage with Wu.

6. Sanyang Zunchao: Late Shang Dynasty Collection: Palace Museum

Sanyang Zun is 52cm high, with a diameter of 4 1.2cm and a weight of 5 1.3kg. It has a big mouth, wide shoulders, thick lips folded outwards and three convex strings on its thin neck. The shoulders are also decorated with three high-relief-style rolled-horn sheep heads with eye-shaped patterns in the middle. The abdomen is fatter and the pattern is more gorgeous. There are three groups of animal face patterns on the palindrome, which highlight the most vivid eyes on the animal face with exaggerated methods and increase the solemn atmosphere. The circle is high, with two convex strings at the top and three large equidistant circular holes in the middle, which is one of the typical characteristics of Shang bronzes. Six groups of animal faces are decorated on the palindromes at the lower part of the circle foot. The pattern layout of the whole utensil is complicated, complicated but not chaotic, and it is the largest one of its kind found in China at present.

7. Youzun Dynasty: Collection of Shang Dynasty in the Palace Museum

Excellent height 13.2cm, caliber 20.7cm and weight 2.72kg. Respect the mouth, tie the neck, wrap around the body, bulge the abdomen, wrap around the feet. The mouth is decorated with a leaf pattern, the neck is decorated with a second ring, and the middle is decorated with a thunder pattern. The abdomen is a thunder pattern, and nine elephant patterns are carved on it, which is enough to be decorated with tile patterns. There are three on it? Ten? Word hole. The inscription on the outsole? Friends? A word that represents the last name of the equipment manufacturer. Inscriptions are rare in outsole. Nine elephant patterns are the theme of the device. Simple lines outline the image of an elephant: huge body, drooping tail, raised round eyes and big ears beside the eyes, which exaggeratedly depict the elephant's long nose, and then roll it up and hook it down, which is longer than the elephant. Nine elephants are connected end to end, just like walking, vivid and lifelike. Therefore, this statue is also called the Nine Elephants.

8. Asia Fang Zun Dynasty: Collection of Shang Dynasty in the Palace Museum

Asia? Fang Zun is 45.5 cm high, 38 cm wide and 33.6 mm in diameter. 33.4cm, weighing 2 1.5kg, square, full of extravagance, with an elephant head at each shoulder corner, like an animal head sandwiched in the first room, with eight edges on its neck, abdomen and feet. The main decorative patterns are animal face patterns and real prose, with thunder patterns as the background color. There are two lines of nine-word inscriptions in it.

9. Zun Zun Yi Zun Dynasty: Shang Dynasty Collection: Palace Museum

Zuo Zunyi Zuntong is 27.6cm high, 22.5cm wide and weighs 3.35kg. He has a round body, a small mouth, a straight neck, a deep belly and a round foot. The abdomen is decorated with three layers of patterns: the upper layer is decorated with the pattern of four cows, whose legs are bent and their mouths are lying slightly open. Looking ahead, there is a half-embossed animal head between the two cows; The middle layer is decorated with four tapered ribs, with four eye patterns in the middle and four leaf patterns around the eye patterns; The lower floor is decorated with a single double dragon pattern. There is an inscription 1 line on the instrument insole:? As a statue? .

10, Zun Zun Dynasty: Middle Western Zhou Dynasty Collection: Palace Museum

Height 17.2cm, width 18.3cm, weight 2.62kg, respect for mouth, round belly and round feet. The animal's head is carved on the front and back of the neck, and the two sides of the head are decorated with bird patterns that look back with drooping crowns. There are five lines and 49 words engraved on the inner bottom of the statue, which tells the story of Ding Hai, the king in Zhengdi, and the king arriving at the ancestral hall on the first auspicious day in June. In the book ceremony, Xing Shu is the protector of immunity. The king rewarded the exemption and ordered the historian to give the official clothes, leather skirts and hemp belts. Be appointed as a foreman. I made this statue to thank and publicize Wang's kindness. Never use this easy device for a long time.

1 1, Zuo Baozunchao: Early Collection of Western Zhou Dynasty: Capital Museum

1974 Unearthed from Liu Lihe River in Fangshan, Beijing. It is 28.5 cm high and 22.4 cm in diameter. This statue is extremely fine in production and exquisite in craftsmanship, and it is a masterpiece among bronze statues. The bottom of the device is cast with the words "Zuo Baoyi".

12, Durzun Dynasty: Western Zhou Collection: Nanjing Museum

Unearthed in Dantu District, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province 1982 Mopandun. The diameter of the single-ear statue is 34.5 cm, and the base diameter is 24. 1 cm. There is a half-ring ear under the mouth edge of the statue, and the abdomen is decorated with Yun Leiwen and four sets of chest nails.

13, bronze statues of tauren and gluttony Dynasty: Shang Dynasty Collection: Zhengzhou Museum

1982 bronze cellar unearthed from Xiangyang Hui Food Factory in Zhengzhou, Henan Province. The statue is 37 cm high, 32 cm in diameter, 0.35 cm in wall thickness and weighs 10.5 kg. It has a big opening, a neck, a folded shoulder, a bulging belly, a bottom and a round foot. There are three on the hoop. Ten? Sawtooth carving. The neck is decorated with three-week strings; There are three bull heads on the shoulders, with protruding eyes and strong three-dimensional sense; The cow's head is decorated with ribbon kuiwen and beaded patterns; The abdomen is decorated with three groups of gluttonous patterns, with strict lines and exquisite ornamentation. The upper and lower boundaries of the gluttonous pattern are connected by a bead chain, and the circle foot is decorated with three strings.

14, bronze statue of animal face: collection of Shang Dynasty: Anhui Museum

1957 The Yaya River was unearthed in Funan County, Fuyang City, Anhui Province. The statue is 47 cm high and 39.3 cm in diameter, with a small mouth, folded shoulders and a bulging belly. Three animal heads are placed on the shoulders, and the heads are separated by leaves. There are three groups of embossed animal faces on the shoulders and abdomen. The inner wall and surface of the device are uneven and have three circles. Ten? Sawtooth carving. This statue is magnificent and solemn, and it is a rare bronze art treasure.

15, beast-faced Zun Dynasty: middle collection of Shang Dynasty: Shanghai Museum

The animal face pattern is 64.7 cm high, 50.9 cm in diameter, 40.5 cm in abdominal diameter, 30 cm in bottom diameter, 44.6 cm in abdominal depth and 24.36 kg in weight. The mouth is too big to exceed the shoulder diameter, the shoulders are plump and protruding, and the circle foot is low, which is a common pattern in the early and middle period of Shang Dynasty. The lines of animal face on shoulders and abdomen are closely structured, and the feathered patterns of animals' eyes and bodies are more dense, and there is no obvious difference between the lines of animal face and trunk and the ground.

16, father respected dynasty: late Shang dynasty collection: Shanghai Museum

His height is 3 1.4cm, his caliber is 23.8 cm, his basal diameter is 16.4cm, his abdominal diameter is 12.6cm, his abdominal depth is 24.4 cm and his weight is 5.57kg.. Large opening, cylindrical abdomen, high circle foot. The neck, abdomen and feet are decorated with animal face patterns, bird patterns and thunder patterns. There are three words at the foot in Yang's inscription? Father? .

17. Ancient Fang Zun Dynasty: Early Collection of Western Zhou Dynasty: Shanghai Museum

The height of the ancient statue is 2 1.8cm, the diameter is 20. 1cm, the mouth is round, the shoulders are folded, the abdomen is oval, and the foot is round. The shoulder is decorated with banana leaf-shaped animal face pattern, the lower part is decorated with Feng Niaowen, the shoulder is decorated with dragon pattern, and the abdomen is covered with animal face pattern, and the thunder pattern is the ground. The four corners of the shoulder are connected with the elephant trunk angle. Dignified appearance. Gorgeous patterns, inscriptions? Ancient tourism? Four words.

18, Serpentine bronze Zun Dynasty: Spring and Autumn Collection: Hunan Museum

1963 was unearthed in Liu Xia, Hengshan, Hunan. The decoration of this statue is very special. The neck and circle feet are decorated with triangular geometric patterns, the abdomen is decorated with snake patterns, and the edges of each group are decorated with crocodile patterns. This statue is also known as the bronze statue of silkworm pattern. Later, it was renamed snake pattern, which was decorated with snake pattern on bronzes unearthed at the same time in Xiangjiang River basin. The Yue people worshipped snakes in ancient times, so it is more appropriate to call it snake pattern.

19, bronze statue of father: western Zhou dynasty collection: Hunan museum

1979 was unearthed in Qingshan Bridge, Xiangtan City, Hunan Province. The statue is 28 meters high and 22.2 centimeters in diameter. The collocation of the animal shape and the belly animal face with the dragon and bird frame has a typical Central Plains style. Is it in the equipment? Brother Jia? Three words, should? Travel? It belongs to the family and is also an artifact of the early Western Zhou Dynasty. The shape and decoration of this statue are common features in the Central Plains. This instrument was unearthed in Xiangtan and is the only one. What are the cultural relics that came out with it? Ge? The artifacts of other nationalities, as well as the artifacts that archaeologists generally believe belong to the ancient Yue people, are worth thinking about. According to the latest artifacts in the same artifact, it is determined that the cellar storage time is in the late Western Zhou Dynasty, and the time when this statue came to Xiangjiang River basin can only be from the early Western Zhou Dynasty to the late Western Zhou Dynasty. The way to come can be considered in many aspects, which can be brought by the Central Plains people or exchanged or plundered by the local people. Either way, it can be considered that the Xiangjiang River basin had contacts with the Central Plains in the Western Zhou Dynasty.

20. Tongdakou Zunchao: Collection of Shang Dynasty: Jingzhou Museum

The bronze mouth is 67.2 cm high and 58 cm in diameter. Unearthed in Cenhe River, Jingzhou. It has a big mouth, a sharp lip, a neck, a trumpet shape, a wide overlapping shoulder, an inclined straight abdomen, a slightly indented lower wall, a slightly bottom and a high foot. The neck is decorated with convex strings on three sides, and the shoulders, abdomen and round feet are lined with Yun Leiwen. Shoulder ornaments with three birds and three sacrifices. The dragon and gluttonous patterns on the bronze statue are rough in style. This big mouth statue is mainly unearthed in the Yangtze River valley.

2 1, Wen Feng Zunchao: Collection of Western Zhou Dynasty: Zhenjiang Museum

1976 65438+February was unearthed in the cellar of Stuart Commune in Danyang, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, with a total height of 34 cm, a diameter of 4 1. 1 cm and an abdominal circumference of 107 cm. The vessels are luxurious in mouth, drooping in abdomen and full of feet, and the whole body is decorated with gorgeous patterns. Below the mouth edge are four groups of petal-shaped ornaments made up of long-tailed birds face to face. The long tail of the birds is rolled into a ∽ shape to make them sing and dance; The neck is composed of two strings, bounded by nipple and sacrificial head, and decorated with two pairs of Taihō bird patterns. Phoenix stands opposite the bird, looking at its head, its wings are upright, its eyes are radiant, its beak is tilted, its long crown is thrown between its necks, its tails on both sides are curled up and down into a C-shape, and its claws are hooked out by curves. The two birds each have a small animal pattern, with a round head, protruding eyes and long claws on four feet. The front feet flutter forward and the rear feet stretch and stretch. One is long and the other is round, which seems to be different between men and women. Its tail looks like a turtle, but its four legs look like frogs. Tortoise pattern is more common in bronze wares of the Central Plains, and is often used as a symbol of family emblem, such as 1955 animal face pattern of Baijiazhuang in Zhengzhou in the middle of Shang Dynasty, and frog pattern is more common in southern bronzes, such as snake frog pattern statue and bronze drum in Gongcheng, Guangxi. This vessel is very similar to the phoenix statue unearthed in Zhuangbai, Fufeng, Shaanxi Province in shape and decoration, but its body is wider, all the attention lines are asymmetrical from left to right, and the claws of the two birds are not exactly the same. Not surprisingly, Yun Leiwen, as a ground pattern, is also randomly filled. Its turtle pattern is like a frog, or its frog pattern is like a turtle. The time of honoring the statue was in the late early Western Zhou Dynasty, and this statue should be an imitation of Wu in the middle Western Zhou Dynasty.

22. Tattooing Respect for the DPRK: Collection of Western Zhou Dynasty: Zhenjiang Museum

1976 12 Unearthed in the cellar of Danyang Situ Commune, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province. Belly flat drums and unique three-stage tattoo statues are also found in Songjiang, Tunxi, Anhui, and Yancheng, Wujin. Its shape can be found in No.306 Warring States Tomb in Shaoxing, and its dense sawtooth pattern and other ornamentation can be found in Gongcheng, Guangxi, which is different from the bronze wares of Shang and Zhou Dynasties in the Central Plains, showing strong local characteristics of wuyue.

23. Early collection of Western Zhou Dynasty in Henan Museum.

1983 The villagers of Xiaye Village, Jiyuan City, Henan Province found this statue when they were repairing roads in daling village. Small mouth, arc neck, micro-belly, bottom and high circle feet outward, and the lower end hangs down. There is an inscription on the inner wall of the circle foot: food. ? Food? The excavation of Zun is of great significance to the study of the history of Jiyuan feudal city and its smelting and casting technology and level in the early Western Zhou Dynasty. Inscription on the document? Food? This word should be the name of the maker or his tribe.

24. Animal Face, Edge and Respect for the Dynasty: Early Collection of Western Zhou Dynasty: Suizhou Museum.

In 2007, Tomb No.4 of Yang Zishan, Anju, Suizhou City, Hubei Province was unearthed. This bronze statue is decorated with animal face pattern on the abdomen, dragon pattern on the feet, banana leaf pattern on the neck, dragon pattern on the inside, and large leaf margin around the whole body. In terms of plastic arts, this statue is no different from the bronze statue of the Central Plains in the same period, but its decorative pattern is bizarre. This is mainly reflected in the three-dimensional sculpture of animal face patterns, realistic nose, eyebrows and eyes, and the device has no shading as the lining, which further highlights the characteristics of animal face bulge.

25. The Great (Heaven) Beast Royal Zunchao: Collection of Late Shang Dynasty: Hubei Provincial Museum

Unearthed at Shamao Mountain in Hanyang 1965, Wuhan City, Hubei Province. The inner wall of this statue is made of? Big (heaven) beast royal? The inscription should be the name of a person or clan. Popular in the late Shang Dynasty and the early Zhou Dynasty, the vessel shape originated from bronze, but it is large in size and complicated in decoration, and is mainly used for holding wine. This one? Big (heaven) beast royal? Bronze statue is an outstanding representative of bronze casting technology in Shang and Zhou Dynasties, with excellent casting system, tall and dignified shape and gorgeous decoration.

Are there any inscriptions in ancient times? China? bronze ware

1982, 1982 On February 25, 2002, China issued a special stamp of Bronzes of the Western Zhou Dynasty. What was the first stamp? He Zun? 1963 unearthed in Jia Cun town, Baoji city, Shaanxi province, and now in Baoji museum, it is the earliest inscription in ancient China? China? Bronze ware

He Zun is a container for holding wine, which was cast in Zhou Chengwang five years ago (1 1 century BC) about 3,000 years ago. Because this device is named after an inscription, why make it? He Zun? . Who was the father of the old minister of the Zhou Dynasty? He made this device to show his pride. The statue is 38.8 cm high, 28.6 cm in diameter and weighs 14.78 kg. The upper part is a trumpet-shaped round mouth and the lower part is square. The four edges of the peripheral wall extend from the mouth to the bottom, and the whole body is dominated by animal patterns and decorated with Yun Leiwen substrates. There is an inscription 12 on the insole, which is 122. Content abstract: Wang Wunian began to explore the terrain and completed it for a week. He became king, offered sacrifices to the king of Wu and exhorted the young boy. After the training, he was rewarded with 30 minutes. Why should he be honored? It says:? Only the King of Wu, who conquered the merchants in Dayi, told Heaven that Yu's native place was China, and he was. ? In other words, the king of Wu decided to make Luoyang his capital and rule the whole country after it was acceptable. He Zun is the earliest important cultural relic to study the history of the Western Zhou Dynasty because of his clear age and description of the construction of the Zhou Dynasty, which is confirmed by historical documents. Can you see anything from it? China? This word appeared in the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, so why is this statue remembered? China? The earliest bronze ware in the world.

Guess you like:

1. Western Zhou bronzes

2. What are the characteristics of Shang bronzes?

3. Introduction of Bronze with Black Bird Pattern

4. Characteristics of Shang bronzes

5. What are the characteristics of bronzes in different periods?