Nationality problem

Classification: society/culture >> ethnic groups

Problem description:

Do you know how Koreans are formed? Why are their activity areas mainly in the northeast?

Analysis:

Korean, current population 192336 1 (the fourth census 1990). It is one of the ethnic minorities with a population of over one million in China/Kloc-0.5. ?

Koreans are mainly distributed in three northeastern provinces, with 1868377 people, accounting for 97. 1% of the total number of Koreans in China. Among them, there are 1 183567 people in Jilin province, accounting for 61.5% of the total Korean population; There are 45409 1 person in Heilongjiang province, accounting for 23.6% of the total Korean population; There are 2307 19 people in Liaoning province, accounting for 12% of the total Korean population. The rest are scattered in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Chengdu, Xi 'an and other places. This has formed the concentrated distribution characteristics of Korean nationality in Northeast China. Most of them form ethnic settlements along the valley plain, and then gradually disperse and decrease from east to west and from south to north. ?

The formation of this layout reflects the process of Koreans directly migrating from the Korean peninsula to the northeast of China to settle down, and then migrating and redistributing. From the end of 65438 to the beginning of 2007, Koreans began to move in from neighboring South Korea. By the middle of19th century, especially in 1869, North Korea suffered from famine, and a large number of Koreans moved to China. They crossed the Yalu River and Tumen River and entered the northeast of China. Part of it enters Antu, Fusong, Kuandian, Quanchuan and other places along the north tributary of Yalu River, and goes down to Changbai, Linjiang, Ji 'an and Tonghua along the river. By the ninth year of Tongzhi (1870), there were more than a thousand Korean farmers in Ji 'an. Some Koreans crossed the Tumen River and settled in the south of Lanjiang River. In the seventh year of Guangxu (188 1), there were more than 10000 Koreans in Yanbian area. In the 11th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1885), a large number of Koreans moved to the north of Tumen River, and Koreans settled in eight counties, including Yanbian, Tonghua, Huanren, Kuandian, Changbai, Linjiang, Ji 'an, Dandong and Fengcheng. In the third year of Xuantong (19 1 1), there were 13590 Korean families with more than 58950 people in the above eight counties. 19 10 After Japan annexed Korea, a large number of bankrupt farmers from North Korea moved to the northeast. By 1922, there were 65 1096 Koreans in the three northeastern provinces, of which 68.79% were in Tumen River and Yalu River basins. More than 80% of the Korean population is engaged in agricultural production, especially rice cultivation. From 65438 to 0875, Korean farmers in Xiadianzi, Tonghua, Jilin Province successfully planted rice, creating the history of paddy field planting in Northeast China. In order to develop paddy fields, Koreans gradually expanded from east to west and moved to Songhua River, Mudanjiang River, Liaohe River, Hunhe River, Nenjiang River and Wusuli River. 193 1 After the September 18th Incident, Japan forced a large number of bankrupt farmers from North Korea to be sent to the northeast of China by the "Immigrant Pioneering Group", and they entered the remote northern Manchuria and eastern Inner Mongolia in the three northeastern provinces to cultivate paddy fields, becoming the first batch of Koreans distributed in the remote areas of northeast China from 1937 to 1940. According to incomplete statistics, by the end of 1939, there were more than 2 14000 Korean families in Northeast China, with more than 1 162000 people. In addition, in 1265438+ year, there were 50,000 Korean pioneers who were forcibly moved in and freely moved in by Japan. So far, the distribution process of Korean population in Northeast China has been basically completed. ?

Geographical environment?

Koreans in China are mainly distributed in the Northeast Plain, which is surrounded by mountains and rivers and fertile land. 19 After the 1960s, Korean immigrants who "crossed the border without authorization" first settled in the Yalu River and Tumen River basins, and then gradually moved to northern Liaoning, south-central Jilin and southern China. Because the Korean people mainly grow rice, most of the places where they live are river alluvial plains and valley basins that are beneficial to irrigation, and the vast northeast plain provides a good environment for the Korean people to thrive. ?

The Northeast Plain has more than 300,000 square kilometers of land, which is the largest plain in China. There are abundant underground resources, including iron ore and coal reserves, which occupy an important position in China. The forest area is about180,000 hectares, accounting for 1/3 of the national forest area. It is the largest forest area in China. In addition, the northeast plain is rich in fertile land and water resources, which is conducive to the stability and development of industry and agriculture. ?

Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, located in the southeast of Jilin Province, is the largest Korean inhabited area in China. There are 82,2801Koreans in China, accounting for about 43% of the Korean population. The autonomous region governs six cities of Yanji, Tumen, Dunhua, Longjing, Hunchun and Helong, and two counties of Antu and Wangqing, covering an area of 4 1 1,000 square kilometers. ?

The geographical feature of Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture is that the mountainous area accounts for about 76%. The main mountain ranges are the main peak of Changbai Mountain and its branches, Laoyeling (the junction of Dragon and Antu), Mudanling, Habaling (the junction of Antu and Dunhua), Weihuling, Fuerling (the junction of Dunhua and Yongji), Pan Ling, Dali (the junction of Hunchun and Wangqing), Mulingwojiling (north of Wangqing) and so on. Among them, Baitou Mountain (2,747 meters), the main peak of Changbai Mountain, is the highest peak in Northeast China, and the beautiful and spectacular Tianchi on the top of the mountain is naturally formed by volcanic eruption. Yalu River, Tumen River and Songhua River all originated here. Hailan River, Burhatong River, Gaya River, Hunchun River, Gudong River, etc. The winding loop, dense river network and abundant water resources in the territory are conducive to the development of hydropower generation and irrigation industry. ?

The territory of the Autonomous Prefecture is hilly and mountainous, and the terrain is inclined from southwest to northwest to southeast. Most of the mountainous areas are graben basins, which have become Mesozoic and Cenozoic lake sedimentary areas, and are rich in more than 50 kinds of metallic minerals such as coalfields, oil shale, diatomite, gold, copper, silver, lead and antimony, and more than 40 kinds of non-metallic minerals. ?

Yanbian is located in the middle temperate zone of the northern hemisphere, with a large amount of solar radiation, humid monsoon climate in the middle temperate zone and fertile land. There are dense forests everywhere, with a forest area of more than 46 million mu and a forest coverage rate of about 70%. It is an important forest producing area in China, with more than 20 species of woody plants/kloc-0, including Korean pine, white pine, ichthyosis pine, Sha Song, stinky pine, larch, Pinus densiflora, Fraxinus mandshurica, Tilia Bo Huang, Tilia amurensis, colored wood and so on. There are more than 0/00 kinds of wild vegetables such as Lentinus edodes, auricularia auricula, Hericium erinaceus, Pteridium aquilinum, Platycodon grandiflorum and Adenophora adenophora, more than 500 kinds of wild feed plants, and more than 500 kinds of medicinal plants such as ginseng, codonopsis pilosula, Astragalus, Fritillaria, Asarum, Gastrodia elata, Schisandra chinensis, Acanthopanax senticosus, Akebia stem, Dioscorea nipponica, fresh coptis root, etc. Dense forests provide an excellent ecological environment for all kinds of wild animals. There are more than 50 species of mammals, more than 200 species of birds, more than 300 species of reptiles, amphibians and fish, among which the long white tiger, black bear and sika deer are listed as rare animals under special state protection. Sable, otter, lynx, Siberian tiger, leopard, squirrel and Yellow weasel are all precious fur animals. In this fertile land, the Korean people have made full use of the superior living environment and rich product resources to create a material culture with national characteristics and write the history of Korean civilization. ?