What is Fan Liyuan?

(Li Fanyuan) Guanqian, the organ in charge of Mongolian, Hui and Tibetan minority affairs in Qing Dynasty. At the beginning, it was a "Mongolian yamen", where officials were in charge of politics and participated in the discussion of state affairs. Chongde three years (1638), "Mongolian yamen" was changed to "Li Fan Academy", which was under the Ministry of Rites. In the eighteenth year of Shunzhi (166 1), it was changed to the same six departments. Big official 1 minister, 1 assistant minister, all full; Adding 1 assistant minister, Mongolian Beizi and Baylor is particularly simple. Langzhong imperial clan 1 person, including 3 in Mongolia and 8 in Mongolia. Yuan Wailang's imperial clan 1 person, Mongolia 1 1 person, 24 people, officials in charge of the affairs of the church, the principal, the secretary, the style of writing, the economic inheritance, and the paste writing. , and they also belong to foreign lang, urging, general affairs, soap service and other official duties. Fan Liyuan was originally established to deal with Mongolian affairs. With the further strengthening of the Qing dynasty's rule over northwest and southwest regions, Fan Liyuan's management scope gradually expanded to ethnic minority areas outside Mongolia. Its specific jurisdiction includes inner and outer Mongolia, Qinghai Mongolia, Xinjiang's Elut Department, the Hui Department and all places where the Tibetan Lama belongs. The internal institutions of Li Fan Academy include six official departments, namely, Wang Hui, Dian Department, Meat Academy, Lai Yuan and Li Department, as well as the administrative affairs archives room, Mongolian room, department, monthly department, supervision room, financial room and Mi Yin room, which are respectively responsible for the division, title, official position, household registration, agriculture and animal husbandry, taxation, military punishment, transportation and meetings. It belongs to the Inner Library, the Outer Library, the Russian Library, the Mongolian official school, the Tanggu School, the Tottenham School and other units. Yuan is also responsible for the foreign exchanges between some client countries and other countries, such as dealing with Russia. After the Second Opium War, another Prime Minister's Office was set up, and this part of the affairs was managed by the Prime Minister's Office. In addition, the Qing government also sent generals, commanders and ministers to the above-mentioned areas to directly manage minority affairs. The establishment of Fan Liyuan and the direct rule of the generals and ministers marked the strengthening of the subordinate relationship between the central government of the Qing Dynasty and ethnic minority areas, indicating that authoritarian centralized rule had penetrated into the border areas. Guangxu thirty-eight years (1906), Yuan Reform Department.

Tureji Golo is a Jew.

The central organization in charge of Mongolian, Hui and Tibetan affairs in Qing Dynasty. Before the Qing dynasty, the feudal dynasty only had officials in charge of minority affairs, and there was no specialized agency. In the first year of Chongde in Qing Dynasty (1636), a Mongolian yamen was set up, which was in charge of political affairs and participated in the discussion of state affairs. In June of three years, it was renamed Yuan, and it was under the Ministry of Rites. In the first year of Shunzhi (1644), it was renamed Shangshu and Assistant Minister; In eighteen years, there were six official departments, and the court ministers were also under discussion. There are four subjects: remembering honor, being a guest, being gentle and far away, and managing punishment. In Yongzheng, it was decided that the king, the people and the university students should manage the hospital at the same time. Changed to six divisions: Qi Division, Wang Hui, Dian Department, Rouyuan, Laiyuan and Li Xing. Before the establishment of the Foreign Affairs Office of the Prime Minister in December of the tenth year of Xianfeng (186 1 year, 1 year), it was also in charge of diplomacy with Russia. In the thirty-third year of Guangxu (1907), it was changed to a vassal department and abolished after the Qing Dynasty.

Fan Liyuan first took charge of Mongolian affairs, and with the establishment of the national political power of the Qing court, she became the central organization in charge of affairs in Mongolia, Tibet, Xinjiang and other ethnic minority areas. The rulers of the Qing Dynasty ruled the minority areas through Fan Liyuan and strengthened their ties with them. In the 26th year of Kangxi (1697), Fan Liyuan Regulations were revised, and various measures for ruling minority areas were fixed by laws and regulations. Later, during the years of Qianlong, Jiaqing, Daoguang and Guangxu, it was revised four times.

The six departments of Li Fan Academy are in charge of laws and regulations such as Jue Lu, tribute, demarcation, official system, military punishment, household registration, agriculture and animal husbandry, taxation, post office, trade and religion. In addition, there are four departments responsible for the daily affairs of the government: finance office, treasury, rice bank office, monthly office, supervision office, Manchu, Han, Mongolian and salary office. Lifan Academy has the following institutions: Inner Museum, Outer Museum, Mongolian Studies, Tanggu Studies, Totem Studies, Russian Studies, Mulan paddock, Lama Printing House, Zejia Museum and so on. In addition, we also send secretaries, pen stickers and other permanent residents in ethnic minority areas to handle specific affairs and rotate them regularly.

Taibusi

Taibu Temple, founded in the first year of Shunzhi (A.D. 1644), belongs to the Ordnance Department of the Ministry of War. It was not until the third year of Yongzheng (AD 1725) that another yamen was set up to handle affairs. At the beginning of Taibu Temple, two Qing people (Man Han 1) and two Shao Qing people (Man Han 1) were in charge of horse administration. Every three years, Manchu or Shao Qingren went to the horse factory on the left and right wings to see it once, and reported the total to the emperor, and then checked by the Ministry of War. In the forty-fourth year of Qianlong (A.D. 1779), the imperial edict was put in charge of the minister of Taibu Temple until the thirteenth year of Jiaqing (A.D. 1808). Manchu and Hanqing (from the third grade) employees 1 person, Shao Qing Manchu and Han employees 1 person. Yuan wai lang man, Meng each two. Master Man and Meng are two each. Main book 1 person, pen paste 16 people, 9 people in management, office and department books, a total of 38 people. Whenever the emperor went out on patrol, Taipusi Qing and Shao Qing had to "follow the emperor" (follow the emperor) to manage the affairs of riding horses and camels.

The internal organization of Taibu Temple has two divisions, the Left and Right Division and the General Affairs Division.

About the company, there are officials such as foreign ministers, directors, secretaries, etc., who are responsible for assessing the total number of horses in the left and right wing horse factories (Taibu Temple belongs to Inner Mongolia, and there are left and right wing horse factories according to the region), and will be judged according to the number of horses.

The main book hall, with main book, pen post, general manager, book office and other officials, is responsible for stamping, document delivery and file affairs in the hall.

In the thirty-second year of Guangxu (AD 1906), the official system was reformed, and Taibu Temple was abolished, and the affairs in charge were merged into the reorganized Ministry of War.

Dali temple

In the early Qing dynasty, imitation of Ming Dynasty was established. In the first year of Shunzhi (A.D. 1644), Dali Temple was established as an organ for rebuilding prisons. The official in charge is Qinghe. In the first year of Shunzhi, there were 65,438 +0 people in Manchu Qing Dynasty (two in Manchu Qing Dynasty and three in Han Dynasty), 65,438 +0 people in Shao Qing (three in Han Dynasty) and two in Han Dynasty (four in Han Dynasty). In the 16th year of Shunzhi (A.D. 1659), the Manchu Dynasty changed to three grades, and the Manchu Dynasty changed to four grades in Shao Qing. In the sixth year of Kangxi (A.D. 1659), it was changed to Manchu. In nine years, Manchu and Han Qing were divided into three categories, while Manchu and Han Shaoqing were divided into four categories.

The duty of Dali Temple is to rehabilitate the criminal cases in the whole country, and it is the "three-law department" together with the Ministry of Punishment and Duchayuan. Any major case (beheading and strangulation crime) that needs to be investigated by the three departments shall be examined by the Ministry of Punishment, sent to Duchayuan for examination, and then sent to Dali Temple for approval.

Dali Temple is divided into two monasteries, each with three monks (65,438+0 of Manchu army), 65,438+0 of judges (members of Han nationality) and four administrators.

Zuo Si: Death penalty cases in some counties in Tianfu, some counties in Zhili, Fengtian, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Sichuan, Guangdong, Guizhou and other provinces in Zhang Shun, as well as consultations with officials in Beijing, Hukou, Lili, Duchayuan, Ministry of Internal Affairs, Guanglu Temple, Taichang Temple, Taibu Temple, Qin, Taiyuan and Bujun.

Right Temple: Some counties in Tianfu, Zhang Shun, some counties in Zhili, Shaanxi, Henan, Jiangxi, Fujian, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Guangxi, Yunnan and other provinces, as well as cases handled by imperial clan, cabinet, Ministry of War, Ministry of Industry, General Affairs Department, Hanlin Academy, Zhan Shifu, imperial academy, Hong and other places.

In all major cases in Beijing, officials from the left and right temples have to go to the punishments department together with the imperial advisers to conduct joint trials with the undertaker, which is called the "Little Three Legal Department". Each of them reported their confessions to court officials, and court officials from the three legal departments held a joint hearing again. If there is no doubt, they report to the emperor for a ruling. Copies of major case files reported by provincial governors are sent to Dali Temple with this copy. The left and right temples first push the case in detail according to the posts to see whether the charges to be charged comply with the cited laws and regulations, and the preliminary opinions are presented to the court officials. Once the punishments are finalized and sent to the temples, it is consistent with the proposed opinions, that is, the draft will be finalized. When there is a "hot trial", the Zuoyou Temple will jointly try it with the Ministry of Justice, Duchayuan and other departments and hand it over to the court for trial. Criminals will be temporarily released on bail by the national flag or local officials, and will be sent to the Ministry of Justice for execution after the fall.

In addition to the left and right temples, Dali Temple has two units, namely, the archives room and the secretarial room.

The number of officials in Dali Temple was 16 at first. The number of posts between cadres and dragons increased to 2 1. In the thirty-second year of Guangxu (AD 1906), the official system was reformed, imitating the capitalist countries at that time, and "separation of powers" was implemented. Dali Temple was changed to Dali Courtyard, specializing in trials. The General Prosecutor's Office and Prime Minister Dali Courtyard have procuratorial affairs for civil and criminal cases.

Review court

In the early Qing Dynasty, in May of the first year of Chongde (AD 1636), Duchayuan was established. Huang Taiji gave an order: "Whenever there is a political fallacy, and Minister Baylor is arrogant, greedy and illegal, rude and reckless, Xu Duchayuan will speak out. In other words, it is not a crime to involve emptiness in the play; If you are blinded by knowledge, you will misunderstand the country. " (1) In the early years of Shunzhi, it was also stipulated: "Every official who commits the crime of rape and corruption must correct his mistakes according to the facts if he counts the gains and losses of government affairs and people's livelihood on time." ② It can be seen that the functions of Douchayuan in Qing Dynasty are similar to those of the government offices in previous dynasties. Duchayuan initially set up 1 person to be responsible for politics and 2 people to participate in politics. In the first year of Shunzhi (A.D. 1644), the administration was changed to Zuodu Yushi, and the participation in politics was Zuo Fu Yushi. Within three years, it is stipulated that there are two people in each deputy, namely and Han. Five years later, there will be 65,438+0 people in Zuodu and Han respectively. The correct capital is advice and the title of governor. The right deputy is the governor, the river governor and the governor of grain transportation, and there are no commissioners. Zuodu Shi Yu is an official in charge of Douchayuan. "Official History of the Draft of the Qing Dynasty II" said: "Shi Yu, the capital of Zuodu, is responsible for supervising auditors and participating in discipline."

In addition to monitoring political gains and losses, Douchayuan also undertakes the following specific tasks: (1) participating in the deliberation and invitation of Jiuqing; All major cases are tried together with the Ministry of Punishment and Dali Temple; Check the merits and demerits of government organs and officials at all levels; Check the revocation and criticism of documents and archives; Supervise the provincial examination, general examination and palace examination; Patrol various battalions and other affairs.

Duchayuan has nine rooms and one library, which directly serves officials. There are 25 warehouse managers, including printing house 1 person, official residence 3, household room 3, gift room 2, ordnance room 3, torture room 4, workshop room 3, fire room 2 and warehouse 1 person. They are responsible for all related affairs assigned by Tang officials, such as managing meals and keeping files. Its subordinate institutions dealing with administrative affairs are:

Experience hall: formerly known as the secretary room, in the first year of Shunzhi (A.D. 1644), with a secretary 1 person. After renaming the Experience Hall, Manhan (Zhengliupin) will have 1 secretary. Undertake scientific errands, cancel five cities, and manage public affairs. According to the case of Guangxu Huidian (Volume 1030), it was recorded that during the six years of Qianlong (A.D. 174 1), it was agreed that some specific affairs of officials, the Ministry of Housing and the Ministry of Punishment should be managed by experience.

Du Shitang: In the first year of Shunzhi (A.D. 1644), there were 2 poets from Du, one from Han, and one from Han in the 17th year of Qianlong (A.D. 1 752), who were responsible for compiling books and filling in official books.

Wucheng duchayuan

Wucheng Duchayuan is the institution that checks local public security in the capital. During the Qing Dynasty, Beijing was divided into five cities: China, East, West, South and North. Duchayuan appointed censors to patrol the city and set up a city patrol department, which is called "Five City Courtyard" or "Five Cities". Every city has a charger division, and each division is divided into two phalanxes. It is administered by the governors of five cities. Responsible for hearing lawsuits, catching thieves and so on. In the first year of Shunzhi (A.D. 1644), there were 1 viceroy (positive six products), 2 deputy viceroy (positive seven products) and 1 official (no inflow). In the third year of Shunzhi (AD 1646), in order to prevent officials from all over the country from "obtaining business entrustment" and "traffic bribery", it was decided to "order officials from five cities to patrol". Ten years (A.D. 1653) was further defined as: "Five imperial cities, belonging to various ministries, handled local affairs, eliminated evil and rectified the wind". Its specific duties are: to inspect the ten borders of the capital. The situation of the separation of the ten parties is that "the middle city is divided into China, the West and the Middle East; Dongcheng is divided into Chaoyang Square and Chongnan Square; Xicheng is divided into Guanwai and Xuannan Square; Cheng Nan is divided into southeast and east; The north city is divided into Zhong Ling Square and Rinan Square. Each city is divided into two squares by deputy commanders and officials. The situation of mortal life is ordered by five cities. Theft cases are examined and solved by deputy commanders and officials. The rest of the litigation cases shall be reported by the commander to the city for trial and judgment. Cases under the crime of staff members should be settled by themselves, and cases above the crime of imprisonment should be sent to the punishment department for final decision.

Wucheng Chayuan also "issued a decree on relief". There are six shelters in Wucheng * * *, 10 porridge factory, 10 brown rice factory, 1 general welfare hall, 1 nursery, etc. As an institution to help refugees. In the twentieth year of Kangxi (A.D. 168 1), a factory was set up in Wucheng, and the governors of Wudu and Wucheng gave money to Manchu, Han and other soldiers and civilians, and ordered the medical officers of Taiji Hospital to apply medicine. 2 1 year was changed to four factories in East, West, South and North. For forty years (A.D. 170 1), people were given relief every year. In the seventh year of Yongzheng (A.D. 1729), five stores were set up, each with 1 patrol to manage the opening and closing of street fences. In the first year of Qianlong (A.D. 1736), the inspection department of Wuchengdian, the procuratorate of Wucheng and the leader of Bujun were responsible for the opening and closing of street fences.

In the 16th year of Shunzhi (AD 1659), five cities set up their own offices. On the auspicious day of the new moon every month, the Imperial censor and the officials of the Quartet organize township conventions (that is, elders, selected by local officials) to preach the imperial edicts (six imperial edicts of Shunzhi, sixteen imperial edicts of Kangxi and "imperial edicts of Guangxun" of Yongzheng). In fact, it is to ask the people to be tame tools.

Imperial college

In the early Qing Dynasty, a literary museum was set up in Shengjing, and Confucian officials were ordered to translate Manchu-Chinese books and record the gains and losses of the dynasty. In the 10th year of Tiancong (A.D. 1636), it was changed into the Inner Third Hospital, including the positions of Cabinet and imperial academy. In the first year of Shunzhi (A.D. 1644), imperial academy was built along the Ming Dynasty as an official yamen. In the second year, it was merged into the Third Hospital, renamed as "Neihanlin National History Institute", "Neihanlin Secretariat Institute" and "Neihanlin Hong Wen Institute", and was promoted to the second-level yamen. In July of the 15th year (AD 1658), the Cabinet of the Third Inner Hospital was changed, and the Hanlin Academy was set up, with a bachelor's degree 1 and a bachelor's degree from Hanzhang Academy, all of which were assistant ministers. In the eighteenth year (A.D. 166 1), the Cabinet and imperial academy were abolished, and the Inner Third Hospital was established. In the 9th year of Kangxi (A.D. 1670), the Inner Third Hospital was transformed into the Cabinet, and the Hanlin Academy became an independent institution. Its chief executive is still a bachelor in charge of the school, Manchu 1 person, and still has the title of assistant minister of the Ministry of Rites. During the Kangxi period, a large number of literary scholars were needed to compile various books on literature and history, so there were many staff in imperial academy. According to "Allusions to Linz in the Imperial Dynasty", Volume 22, Compilation of Historical Records, there are several to two hundred editors, and there are fifty or sixty people in Jishi Shu. After Yongzheng, the number of staff in imperial academy was greatly reduced, and more official posts were transferred, either from internal medicine and the official department in Beijing, or from other provinces, prefectures and counties outside Beijing. In the future, all editors who have served in the Imperial Academy for six years must be recommended by the Academy and appointed by the magistrate, which has become a statute. In the eighth year of Yongzheng (A.D. 1730), he was promoted to a second-class student, and he was selected as a part-time course from the university students and ministers. Yongzheng once said: "The country is particularly cautious in selecting officials, with good character and pure knowledge, so it is necessary to cultivate talents of pavilions and store public tools." (2) This shows that the Hanlin Academy is the organ of national talent storage. In the fifty-eighth year of Qianlong (A.D. 1793), the bachelor of Zhangding College no longer served as assistant minister of rites. Since then, the Hanlin Academy has become a more important state organ.

According to Volume 70 of Guangxu Huidian, imperial academy Bachelor 1 and Han Bachelor 1. There are 2 undergraduates, 2 bachelors and 3 lecturers, and there are no places for editing, editing and reviewing. There are 2 people in Manchu, 40 in calligraphy, 4 in Han army, 4 in Dian Bo Manchu 1 person, 27 in Confucius Manchu 1 person, 27 in Five Classics, 4 in church, 4 in service 14, with a total post of 165438. The qualifications of these officials are: the bachelor in charge of the hospital is selected by the university, the history book and the assistant minister. Bachelor of Work-study Program, Bachelor of Work-study Program, Work-study Program, Work-study Program and other officials are all selected by practitioners to be promoted in various government offices. The compilation is supplemented by the champion in the "Sandingjia" (the top three in palace examination), supplemented by the second place and the flower exploration. Comment and supplement the "top three" Jinshi three halls. After being appointed, officials in imperial academy have to take the exam every few years, which is called the "big exam". After the exam, it is divided into four grades according to the results, one for special use and the other for promotion; The third and fourth grades are punished respectively.

The duties of the Hanlin Academy are:

(1) Banquet Day says: Every autumn, a banquet ceremony is held. First, the Hanlin Academy will list eight official lecturers, Manchu (the official lecturer is below the bachelor's degree and the deputy lecturer is above the suggestion; The official of the Han Dynasty invited the emperor to send four people to speak as a toast, including Hanlin Bachelor, Shangshu, Assistant Minister, Cabinet Bachelor, James, Du Shi Bachelor, Shi Jiang Bachelor and imperial academy.

(2) The imperial examination system in Qing Dynasty, after palace examination handed down all subjects, did not send the list of new scholars to imperial academy, and imperial academy invited the imperial examination to Baohe Hall.

(3) On the history of writing: His works include congratulatory messages, conferring titles (concubines), conferring titles (princes), inscriptions, and Oracle Bone Inscriptions. In addition, the compilation of book history, such as factual records, hadith, biographies, jade records, etc., is either undertaken by the Hanlin Academy or sent by the Hanlin Academy to compile and revise. Editing and collating the history of books is the main responsibility of the officials of the Academy.

(4) Looking up historical books and keeping records: Six historical books compiled according to the little red book (sent to the cabinet) and keeping records. In order to prevent "sloppy play", two Hanlin officials are sent to check every year.

(5) Inspection of officials' homework: The official schools in Zongren House, Jueluo, Xian 'an Palace and Eight Banners of the Ministry of Internal Affairs all sent Hanlin officials to inspect their homework.

(6) Check Fan Liyuan's files: Fan Liyuan's files are very important and must be sorted out at any time. For example, in order to attach importance to it, the Hanlin Academy sent an Hanlin official to inspect it.

(7) Attending classes: In the seventeenth year of Shunzhi (A.D. 1660), it was ordered that Hanlin officials, who belonged to the minister of literary service, should be left behind in different classes for consultation, and a duty room was set up in Jingyunmen, where Hanlin officials worked in different classes. In the thirty-second year of Kangxi (A.D. 1693), the Hanlin official was appointed to the post of Shangshufang. In the eighth year of Daoguang (AD 1828), he was placed on duty in Yuanmingyuan.

(8) Attendants: In the ninth year of Shunzhi (A.D. 1652), it was decided that the emperor would visit the capital and the palace, and imperial academy would send someone to accompany him.

(nine) as a provincial civil and military examination, senior high school entrance examination, palace examination examiner, reader; After passing the provincial examination in Shuntian, he served as the supervisor, deputy examiner, assistant marking and assistant lecturer of bachelor. After obtaining the provincial and township examinations, people below the undergraduate level and editors can serve as examiners. During the examination, the bachelor's degree in charge of the school serves as the examiner, and the following students serve as the examiner. Martial arts candidates, waiters and lecturers can all serve as examiners.

(10) Examining and teaching Jishi Shu: Jishi Shu is listed as the title of teacher, and those with excellent knowledge are selected as primary school teachers from reading, lecturing, editing and reviewing.

In imperial academy, there is a church hall and a waiting hall.

The library is responsible for memorials, document delivery, management of officials and officers, and keeping books. Canon calligraphy Han 1 person, Confucius Manhan 1 person, and several people in calligraphy style (40 people, 4 people in Han army, working in two halls).

To be summoned: there are two people in charge of writing and collating, two Han people, two Han people, and several pen paste bodies. Translate chapters, literature and history when managing the school; Han is waiting for the imperial edict to collate and write history.

Shuchang restaurant

In the early Qing Dynasty, the General Pavilion and Hongwenyuan were set up, which were places for new scholars to further their studies, and were also set up along the Ming system. It was customized in the third year of Shunzhi (AD 1646). Every year, after passing the imperial examination, Jishi Shu, who has both ability and political integrity, is selected to study in the museum, which is the so-called museum choice. Because Jishi Shu is also called an ordinary scholar, its academic museum is called an ordinary museum. The general pavilion is full of two people, and the official department lists imperial academy's bachelor's degree and Cabinet's bachelor's degree, and invites the emperor to "send Qin". Still in the university, Shangshu, assistant minister Zhang Hanzhen. Select a number of small teachers from all officials below the undergraduate level. Training Jishi Shu Manchu and Chinese courses respectively. Transfer 2 people to serve 1 person. This transfer was assigned by the bachelor during the editing period, and he was responsible for the administrative affairs of the Comfortable Pavilion.

Jishi Shu studied in the library for three years, studying literature of Qing Dynasty, translation, China classical literature, poetry and so on. When the teachers of ordinary museums expire, they invite the emperor to "take the imperial examination" and distribute letters of appointment, which is called "leaving the museum". During Jishi Shu's study in the library, everyone paid four or five yuan a month to get it from the Housing Department. Use things and take them back from the Ministry of Industry.

Juzhu restaurant

Juju Annotation Hall is an institution that records the words and deeds of emperors and compiles Juju Annotations. In the 12th year of Shunzhi (A.D. 1655), there was a saying: "I have only been an emperor since ancient times, and I am diligent in studying and governing the country, so I gave lectures at banquets to enlighten the world." Eight Manchu ministers were chosen to be Japanese lecturers with their original official titles, explaining the scriptures to the emperor every day, and it was stipulated that they should give lectures every day after the "banquet" in February and August every year. In the seventh year of Kangxi (A.D. 1668), he chose Confucian officials and wrote about the words and deeds of the emperor, saying, "Make the book simple and make it permanent." In eight years, I chose a number of Manchu-Chinese ci ministers to be "daily life consultants". Since the beginning of 1999, the Juju Annotation Hall has been set up, and the annotators of the Manchu-Chinese banquet are both Japanese lecturers and officials. There were 10 officials in Japan and 12 officials in Han Dynasty. In addition to the bachelor's degree in charge of imperial academy and James, the rest are attended by imperial academy and James as usual.

The notation is to record imperial edicts, inscriptions, introduce officials and exclude awards in turn. Make notes in 2 volumes per month and 24 volumes per year. The notes are first made into herbs, which are checked, added and revised one by one by the notes officer in the general office, and sent to the bachelor in the palm college for reading, and the next month and the official name are recorded. The book is sealed with the seal of the Imperial Academy, and then the iron cabinet is sealed.

Zhanshi house

In the first year of Shunzhi (1644), Zhan Shifu was established in the Ming Dynasty. In the same year 1 1 month, it was revoked and the affairs were merged into the Third Hospital. In the ninth year of Shunzhi (A.D. 1652), it was reinstated, with Zhan Shi and Shao Zhan Shi as officials of the Third Academy. In the fifty-first year of Kangxi (A.D. 17 12), it stopped after the abolition of the Crown Prince. In the 18th year of Qianlong (A.D. 1753), the imperial edict said: "The East Palace of Zhan's mansion was supplemented by no storage room, so its official position could not be established. At first, it was the order of Hanlin's introduction, and it was left as a resignation. " . Since then, Zhan government officials have specially prepared funds for the relocation of the Hanlin Academy.

Zhan Shifu Zhan, Han Ge 1 person (positive level 3), Shao Zhan, Han Ge 1 person (positive level 4), left and right illegitimate children Man, Han Ge 1 person (positive level 5), Ximaman and Han Ge 1 person (from level 5).

The duty of the exhibition room is: when the emperor goes to court or the autumn trial, the exhibition room will "wait on the class" or attend the meeting of Jiuqing, Han, Ke and Dao. For those who compile records and preach, Zhan's position in the case of Zhan and Shao Zhan can also serve as deputy director and editor. Editing other books and history, doing nothing, you have to be an editor. In addition, some titles are combined with the Hanlin Academy. In the early Qing Dynasty, it was stipulated that all ceremonies and forms of celebrating the Millennium Festival (birthday of the East Palace), New Year's Day and winter solstice in the East Palace were signed and signed by officials of the Exhibition Room and Housing Bureau.

Zhan's office has left and right spring workshops, a secretariat and a main office, and its personnel and responsibilities are as follows:

Zuoyou Chunfang: Zuoyou concubines 65,438+0, Han 65,438+0, Zuoyou Yunman, Han 65,438+0, Zuoyou Zanshanman, Han 65,438+0, responsible for annotation. Its Han members hold the positions of reading, lecturing and editing in the Hanlin Academy.

Department of Economics and Management: Mamam and Korea have 1 person respectively, responsible for book reservation, book reservation and books and periodicals. He was also a member of the Han Dynasty and the Imperial Academy. There were two people in Han Zhengzi, who were responsible for writing, explaining and mounting.

Main book hall: main book 1 person, Han room 1 person, palm moving; There are 6 people in calligraphy style, who are responsible for translation.

The organization of Zhan government is responsible for chapter playing and document delivery, and Manchu and Han are responsible for it.

Judging from the specific responsibilities of Zhan government, this government has no full-time job, but it has actually become an auxiliary institution of the Hanlin Academy. Therefore, in the 28th year of Guangxu (A.D. 1902), the official system was reformed, and the "New Deal" was implemented, which was inconsistent with the name of Zhanfu, so it was abolished first, and its matter was placed in imperial academy.