Knowledge about Changchun

1, natural environment

A. Location

Changchun City is located in the mid-latitude zone of the northern hemisphere, in the hinterland of the Northeast Great Plain of China on the east coast of Eurasia, with a latitude of 43 05' ~ 4515'. East longitude12418' ~127 02'.

The north-south distance is 2 17.5km, the east-west length is 227km, and the area is 1888 1 km2. It borders Baicheng in the northwest, Siping in the southwest, Jilin in the southeast and Heilongjiang in the northeast. The urban area is located on the Yitong River, a tertiary tributary of Songhua River.

B area

1July, 1995, with the approval of the State Council, Changchun City made major adjustments to the administrative divisions under its jurisdiction, abolishing the suburbs, setting up the Green Garden District, canceling Shuangyang County, setting up Shuangyang District, renaming Erdaohezi District as Erdao District, and making corresponding adjustments to the administrative divisions under its jurisdiction. The urban area increased from116 square kilometers to 3577 square kilometers, and the built-up area increased from 136 square kilometers to 137.35 square kilometers.

C, climate

The climate of Changchun City is between the humid eastern mountainous area and the semi-arid western plain area, belonging to the temperate continental semi-humid monsoon climate type. Although the east and south are not far from the ocean, the role of summer monsoon is weakened due to the blocking of Changbai Mountain. The west and north are flat Songliao Plain, and the Siberian polar continental air mass is unimpeded, and various monsoons have great influence. Therefore, the climate is characterized by long and cold winter, dry and windy spring, short and warm summer, and large temperature difference in autumn. The annual average temperature is 4.8℃, the highest is 39.5℃, and the lowest is -39.8℃. The average annual sunshine is about 2866 hours, the frost-free period is about 140 days, and the average rainfall is 567.0mm. The summer climate is cool and the trees are shaded, so it is called "Saibei Spring City". In winter, covered with snow, there is a "northland scenery".

D. Population

By the end of 1996, there were1774,578 households and 6,767,781person in Changchun. Among them, the male population is 3448350. 565438+ 0% of the total population; The female population is 3.319.431,accounting for 49% of the total population. The urban population (Nanguan District, Kuancheng District, Chaoyang District, Erdao District, Lvyuan District and Shuangyang District) is 274 1 and 73 1, accounting for 40.5% of the total population of the city. The population of counties (cities) (Nongan County, Jiutai City, Yushu City and dehui city) is 4 026 050, accounting for 59 .5% of the city's population. The total population of the city increased by 94,869 people over the previous year, with a growth rate of 65,438 0.4 ‰, up by 0 .7‰ over the previous year. The population of Changchun accounts for 26 .2% of the total population of Jilin Province.

E. Geology and landform

Changchun belongs to the eastern edge of Songliao Depression of Jihei Folding System in Xing 'an geosyncline, Tianshan Mountains. There are deep Cretaceous Quantou Formation in the lower part of the city, which is a set of red coarse-grained clastic rocks, all of which are impermeable layers or water-bearing microlayers with deep strata, dense strata and small dip angle. In addition, sedimentation was quite common in the 4th century. The upper part of proluvial is loess-like material, and the lower part is red clay or sand layer. Since the neotectonic movement, the terrain has increased slightly, the surface has been cut by running water, and valleys have developed, forming a microwave platform plain. The thickness of loess loam in the second terrace is 15? 5 meters, compressive strength 20? 5 tons /m2, which is a good natural foundation. The compressive strength of the first-class terrace (Erdao District) sub-clay foundation is 8? 1 ton/m2 but 2? There is silt interlayer in the depth of meters, which is not suitable for natural foundation. The lower part is gravel layer with compressive strength of 25? 5 tons/square meter, 6? The bedrock is below 1 m, which is most beneficial for the foundation of large and extra-large buildings to be placed on the bedrock.

The landform of Changchun is characterized by distant mountains and near water, mainly flat platform plains. The main landform types are: (1) low mountains and hills; (2) Platform plain; (3) alluvial plain; (4) Volcanic cone.

2. Natural resources

A. Land

Changchun has a vast territory and abundant land resources, with a land area of 1.8885438+0.000 hectares, of which 1. 1.079 million hectares is cultivated land, accounting for 58.7% of the total land area. Black soil, meadow soil and chernozem account for 34 .5%, 29 .06% and 65,438+05.28% of the land area respectively. The land is fertile, and the thickness of black soil layer is 0. 6 ~ 1.0m。

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B. Forests

The city's forestry land is 324 102 hectares, including 223,999 hectares of woodland, 23,897 hectares of shrub land, 69 hectares of sparse woodland, 536,765,438 hectares of uncultivated land, 375 hectares of nursery land and 65,438 hectares of planned afforestation land. The total standing stock reached 5 105260 cubic meters, including sparse forest 1376 1857 cubic meters and surrounding trees 3 19662 cubic meters.

C. Water resources

The surface water in Changchun belongs to the second Songhua River system, including the middle and lower reaches of Songhua River, Yinma River, Yitong River, Mushi River, Shuangyang River, Wukai River, Xinkai River and Kacha River. There are seven main soaking lakes, including Boluopao, Aobaopao and Yuanbaopao. Urban surface water, the larger river is a tributary of the second Songhua River, and also a tributary of Yinma River, Yitong River and their tributaries Xinkai River. Because the bedrock in the lower part of the urban area is Mesozoic Cretaceous red rock series, the rock stratum is dense, the impermeable layer or water content is very small, there is no deep groundwater source, and the groundwater is poor.

During the "Eighth Five-Year Plan" period, Changchun focused on harnessing large rivers and strengthening large and medium-sized reservoirs, persistently carried out the basic construction of farmland water conservancy, accelerated urban and rural water supply and aquatic product production, and further strengthened the water conservancy economy. The water conservancy work in the city showed a good momentum of all-round development. Complete or basically complete the second Songhua River dike management office, complete the task of removing danger and strengthening the Shitoukoumen Reservoir, and basically complete the task of removing danger and strengthening the Taipingchi Reservoir; The comprehensive engineering volume of farmland water conservancy capital construction was 250 million cubic meters, with an average annual engineering volume of 50 million cubic meters, an average increase of 25% over the period of the Seventh Five-Year Plan. During the Eighth Five-Year Plan period, 7 small reservoirs were reinforced, 650 new electric wells were drilled, and 6 irrigation projects were completed, with an effective irrigation area of 6.5438+300,000 hectares and a stable irrigation area of 6.5438+330,000 hectares. Eight new drainage stations will be built, and the waterlogging area once every ten years will be increased and changed by 30,000 hectares. Disease prevention will be improved to provide drinking water for people and livestock, and the drinking water problem of 20,700 people and 1.200 large livestock in 57 villages will be solved. A total of 85,000 hectares of soil erosion have been controlled, and a long-term water supply project has been completed. The total output of aquatic products reached 69,700 tons; The total economic output value of water conservancy reached 340 million yuan, with a profit of 90 million yuan. Basic work such as water conservancy survey and design, research and popularization of water conservancy and fishery research technology has been carried out in an all-round way.

D. wildlife and plants

Among wild animals and plants, there are forest plants, meadow plants and grassland plants. There are more than 300 species of wild plants with economic value, including Schisandra chinensis, Codonopsis pilosula and Atractylodes lancea 150 species. Can be used in medicine. There are more than 50 kinds of raw materials that can be used as by-products, such as Lespedeza, reed and Quercus mongolica. There are more than 30 kinds of edible bracken, day lily, hawthorn and wild grapes. There are more than 50 kinds of feed, such as alkali grass, sweet clover and camphor. The composition of the forest is mainly broad-leaved forest in East Asia, and elements of flora in North China and Changbai Mountain have also infiltrated, such as Pinus thunbergii and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica. Quercus mongolica, spruce, fir, Larix olgensis, Platycladus orientalis, Sabina vulgaris, Juglans mandshurica, Fraxinus mandshurica,

Pineapple, Fraxinus mandshurica, Populus davidiana, birch, etc. Wild animal resources include leopard cat, red fox, swan goose, wood frog, turtle, tiger-spotted snake, toothless clam and so on.

E, geological resources

The mineral resources in Changchun are coal, oilstone, cement limestone, cement clay, perlite, bentonite, fluorite, placer, copper mine, silver mine and iron mine, as well as some oil and natural gas reserves.

3. Historical overview

Changchun is a relatively young city with a history of only 180 years. Originated in Changchun Castle on the Yitong River. In the fifth year of Jiaqing (1800), the Qing government began to establish the local administrative organization "Changchun Hall" here. 1865 Building wall, covering an area of 5 square kilometers. By 1883, the population has reached more than 90,000.

1896 tsarist Russia invaded northeast China, seized the right to build a medium-long railway and built a Russian residential area in Changchun. 1906 When the Russo-Japanese War ended, the rights and interests of the Russian empire in Changchun were replaced by the Japanese emperor. 1908, the Japanese emperor began to build Changchun Railway Station, expanded the "Manchuria Railway Subsidiary", and later opened a commercial port. At that time, the urban area was 2 1 km2 and the population was about150,000.

After the1931"9.18" incident, Japanese imperialism invaded the whole northeast of China, and Changchun became a colony of Japanese imperialism. 1932, 1 In March, Japanese imperialism supported Aisin Giorro Puyi, the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty, and became a puppet regime-"Manchuria Empire". Changchun was designated as the "National Capital" and renamed as "New Beijing", which became the political, military, economic and cultural center of Japanese imperialism in the northeast of China. By 1944, the urban area is 80 square kilometers and the population reaches 8 17000. After the victory of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, our army liberated Changchun on April 1946. However, on May 23rd, 1946,/kloc-0, the clutches of the Kuomintang once again extended into Changchun, causing serious damage to Changchun's economy and various undertakings. Urban production and people's life are on the verge of despair, and the urban population is finally reduced to170,000.

1948 10 10/8 Changchun was liberated again and was designated as a special city. 1953 changed to municipality directly under the central government. 1954 was transferred to Jilin province, and then the provincial capital moved to Changchun, becoming the political, economic and cultural center of Jilin province. 1955 has been designated as one of the provincial cities in China. 1979 is listed as one of the national 15 economic center cities.

With the implementation of the policy of opening to the outside world and invigorating the domestic economy, our city has become sister cities with Sendai 1980, Novi Sad 198 1, Birmingham 1983 and Flint 1985. We have set up offices in Guangzhou and Dalian.

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Second, the advantages of Changchun's accelerated development

In the late 1980s, on the basis of comprehensive advantages and industrial status quo, our city proposed that automobile, deep processing of agricultural and sideline products and high-tech industries should be identified as three pillar industries, giving priority to development. Over the years, our city has carried out structural adjustment around pillar industries, and the three major industries have become the advantages to accelerate our city's economic development and promoted the city's economic development. 1, automobile and its supporting industries. The automobile industry is the leader of our city's economic development. FAW's products have developed into five series and hundreds of varieties, such as cars, light vehicles and trucks, and the annual output accounts for about 13% of the whole country. Focusing on cars, the automobile supporting industry in our city has developed a number of high-level supporting products such as wire harnesses and ignition modules, and basically formed a high-level, large-scale and professional supporting enterprise group. At present, more than 30 enterprises in the city have met the supporting requirements of FAW and FAW-Volkswagen cars. Our next development goal is to rely on FAW to turn the wheels of Changchun automobile industry faster and bigger. It is necessary to take effective forms to closely integrate FAW with our place. There are two main ways, one is to hand over all the supporting enterprises to FAW, and the other is to form a close group with the interests of FAW, sharing the same fate, interests and risks. Keep pace with the development of FAW and major domestic automobile manufacturers,

Strive to expand the market share of supporting products now. At the same time, seize the favorable opportunity of FAW modification and new products, and strive for new supporting products. By the end of this century, the sales revenue of automobile supporting industries in our city will increase from the current 3 billion to 6 billion. In addition, Changchun Automobile Economic and Trade Development Zone has the largest automobile trading market in China, with an annual trading volume of about 1.8 million vehicles. Relying on the advantages of FAW, automobile trade is also promising.

2. High-tech industry. In order to seize the commanding heights of economic development and win the initiative in competition, our city regards accelerating the development of high-tech industries as a major strategic task to adjust the industrial structure and improve the quality of economic growth. Changchun has certain comparative advantages in developing high-tech industries, especially in the fields of biomedicine, optics, electromechanical and new materials. , and in terms of technology and talents are at the forefront of the country. For example, at present, there are only 8 bio-gene drugs approved by the state, and our city accounts for 5. Last year, the output value of high-tech industries in our city accounted for 10.9% of the city's total industrial output value, initially forming high-tech advantages and industrial bases such as bioengineering, electronic information, new materials, and integration of optics, mechanics and electronics. In order to build a cross-century development advantage, three key high-tech fields, such as biomedicine, electronic information and new materials, have been initially determined according to the requirements of optimizing and upgrading the industrial structure of our city and the development trend of high-tech at home and abroad, adhering to the principle of doing something, and based on the existing technological advantages and economic strength. Concentrate on a number of key projects and develop a large number of leading products, such as genetically engineered interferon, interleukin, heat shrinkable materials, fingerprint identification system, etc. A number of high-tech enterprise groups with strong international competitiveness have been cultivated. For example, Changchun Jinsai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., located in Changchun Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone, is the largest genetic engineering pharmaceutical enterprise in China, and its products such as leijin auxin and leijin Saiqiang have good market prospects. Human growth hormone and whitening factor are listed as major industrialization projects of science and technology by the State Planning Commission. From the perspective of enterprise development prospects, this enterprise may become a leading enterprise in the national pharmaceutical industry. At present, there are 15 enterprises with the output value of high-tech industries exceeding 100 million yuan in our city. Now, many high-tech enterprises such as Changchun Gaoxin and Changchun Thermal Shrinkage have become listed companies in Shenzhen and Shanghai, which have played a good role in supporting, driving and radiating the development of high-tech industries and the optimization of traditional industries in Changchun. In the next step, we will further strengthen cooperation with universities in the city and do a good job of docking scientific research and production; Give full play to the role of high-tech development zones and economic and technological development zones in our city, and vigorously develop high-tech industries. Our goal is to realize that the output value of high-tech industries in the city accounts for more than 15% of the total industrial output value by 2000, so that high-tech industries can truly become the leading industries in Changchun's economic development.

3. Deep processing of agricultural and sideline products. Changchun is an important commodity grain base and corn export base in China. The grain output is high, but the transformation amount is small, and the processed products are mostly primary products with low scientific and technological content and added value. This is one of the main reasons why our economy is relatively backward, and it is also the potential for us to give full play to our comparative advantages and realize leap-forward development. Last year, we began to plan to build Changchun into a "gourmet city", focusing on building 10 dragons, namely broilers, superior beef cattle, lean pigs, corn deep processing, geese, rabbits, soybeans, rice, specialty products, fruits and rice. At present, our city has initially formed four series of large-scale broilers, high-quality beef cattle, lean pigs and deep-processing corn, which have strong radiation-driven functions. Among them, Deda Company, as a leading company, achieved an output value of 2.4 billion yuan, profits and taxes1.1.60 billion yuan, and earned 70 million US dollars through export, benefiting 62 townships, more than 600 villages and more than 6,000 farmers in 7 counties (cities). The first phase of Dacheng corn deep processing project has formed a processing capacity of 300,000 tons, and it is the largest comprehensive corn processing enterprise in Asia at present, with an annual output of starch/kloc-0.90 million tons, corn gluten meal/kloc-0.50 million tons, fiber feed of 68,000 tons and crude corn oil of 8,000 tons, with an annual output value of 700 million yuan and profits and taxes of 237 million yuan. In the next step, we will do a good job in the construction of key projects and strive to achieve four batches. First, Dexin beef cattle, Dacheng corn, Nong 'an goose series and other products with high efficiency. Second, a number of projects including 6,543,800+2,000 lean pigs, slaughtering and processing of Muslim beef cattle in Hao Yue and Shuangyang Honglin Poultry Industry Group were completed and put into production. Among them, Muslim Hao Yue Meat Industry Co., Ltd. was originally a small private enterprise, but now it has developed into the "leader" of the city's high-quality beef cattle series development projects. This project is planned and designed in full accordance with Islamic style from the overall layout to the slaughtering process. The first phase of the project slaughtered and processed 200,000 beef cattle, 6,543,800 sheep and 6,000 tons of cooked food, with an annual sales income of 65.438+0.5 billion yuan and profits and taxes of 65.438+0.7 billion yuan. Products are not only supplied to the domestic market, but also exported to Islamic countries and regions such as Saudi Arabia and Iran. Third, a number of new projects have been started, such as nine sets of 500,000 pieces of leather processing and Dacheng 1 10,000 tons of lysine project. Fourth, plan to reserve a batch, and now 76 projects have been planned. At the same time, it is necessary to further break through the financial difficulties, increase investment attraction, enter the domestic and foreign markets through leading enterprises, and create new advantages in agricultural industrialization in Changchun. By 2000, the city's annual grain conversion capacity will reach 2.2 billion kilograms, and the conversion rate will reach 75%, basically laying the pillar position of agricultural and sideline products processing industry in the city's economy.

Changchun is located on Yitong River, a tertiary tributary of Songhua River. Founded in 1800, it has a history of more than 200 years. It is the capital of Jilin Province and the political, economic, cultural and transportation center of Jilin Province. Known as automobile city, forest city, film city, science and technology city and "Spring City beyond the Great Wall", it is one of the knowledge-intensive areas in China. According to legend, 1800 When the Changchun Temple was established in the Qing Dynasty, it was named Changchun because it was full of Catharanthus roseus, that is, Chinese rose flowers, which were colorful and competed for each other. Today, Changchun still maintains the characteristics of a garden city.

Changchun is located at 43 05' ~ 4515' north latitude; East longitude12418' ~127 02'. The north-south distance is 2 17.5km, the east-west length is 227km, and the area is 1888 1 km2. It borders Baicheng in the northwest, Siping in the southwest, Jilin in the southeast and Heilongjiang in the northeast.

1June, 948, Changchun was designated as a special city; 1June 1954 was designated as the capital of Jilin province; June 1955, changed to municipality directly under the central government; 1June 1979 was listed as one of the national 15 economic center cities,1June 1989. The city has jurisdiction over six districts of Chaoyang, Nanguan, Kuancheng, Erdao, Lvyuan and Shuangyang, three county-level cities of Yushu, Jiutai and Dehui, and Nong 'an County. The urban area is 3577 square kilometers. The total population is 6.838 million, of which the urban population is 2.788 million, and there are 38 ethnic groups including Han, Manchu, Hui, Korea, Mongolia, Xibe and Zhuang.

Changchun has a vast territory and is rich in land resources and wildlife resources. There are more than 300 species of wild plants with economic value and 34 species of precious wild animals. The mineral resources in Changchun are not only the proven minerals such as coal, oil-bearing rocks, bentonite, copper, silver and iron 1 1, but also rich in oil and natural gas. After years of construction and development, automobile, deep processing of agricultural and sideline products and high technology have become the three pillar industries in Changchun.

Changchun is a highly open city. High-tech Industrial Development Zone, Economic and Technological Development Zone, Jingyuetan Tourism Economic Development Zone and Automobile Economic and Trade Development Zone have become the "window" and "vanguard" for Changchun to participate in the development of world economic integration and opening up. Some internationally renowned large enterprises and trading companies, such as Ford, PepsiCo, Chrysler and Volkswagen of Germany, have set up wholly-owned or joint ventures in Changchun.

The streets in the center of Changchun are straight and wide, and China's classical architecture, Japanese European architecture and modern architecture make Changchun more attractive as a cultural city. Now it has formed a tourism industry system with coordinated development of food, housing, transportation, travel, shopping and entertainment.

automobile plant

China FAW Group Corporation (formerly the First Automobile Factory) is located in the southwest of Changchun City, Jilin Province, and is known as the cradle of China automobile industry. 1953 started construction, and 1956 produced the first jiefang truck, ending the history that China could not manufacture cars. 1958 the first red flag car was successfully developed and became a symbol of the national car.

Jingyuetan

The southeast of Jingyuetan National Forest Reserve governs Jingyue, Yutan and Changchun Film City. It covers an area of more than 200 square kilometers and has 1 19 hills. Among them, the cultivated land area 100 square kilometers, the forest area 100 square kilometers and the pond area are 4.3 square kilometers. Fiona Fang is covered with hundreds of miles of green trees, and the pool water is clear and transparent, which has unique geographical advantages and tourism resources. 1988 was approved as a national forest park by the State Council.

Jingyue Beach is named after the crescent-shaped dam impoundment process. Known for its beautiful scenery and lush forests, it is known as the sister pool of Sun Moon Lake in Taiwan. The vast forest, surrounded by mountains, is magnificent, forming a complete forest ecosystem containing more than 30 tree species. Among them, the vast plantation is known as "the best in Asia".

In the dead of winter, Jingyuetan is a natural paradise for ice and snow sports. Jingyuetan Ski Resort highlights the characteristics of Kanto and creates ice and snow fun. It is the largest ice and snow tourist base in China at present.

People's street

Formerly known as Stalin Street, Datong Street during the Japanese Puppet War, it starts from Station Square in the north and ends at Satellite Road in the south, with a total length of 10 km and an average width of more than 50 meters. Built at 65,438+0907, it was then the Central Avenue. 1932 was renamed Datong Street. The people's square in the middle, located in the city center, was built in 1933, with a diameter of 220 meters and an area of 38,000 square meters. In the center of the square stands the Soviet Air Force Martyrs Memorial Tower, which is 3 1 m high. The square is evergreen all the year round, with more than 3,000 trees such as pine, cypress, weeping willow, birch and lilac.

Puppet Manchu site

The Puppet Manchu Palace Exhibition Hall is located at No.3 Guangfu Road in the northeast of Changchun, covering an area of 1.3 million square meters. This was the palace of Aisin Giorro Puyi, the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty, when he ascended the throne for the third time as a puppet emperor of Manchukuo. From 1932 to 1945, Puyi lived here for fourteen years. The palace is divided into an inner court and an outer court. The inner court is where Puyi and his empresses live, and the outer court is where Puyi conducts political activities. There are two courtyards in the Forbidden City, Jixi Building in the west and Tongde Hall in the east. In addition, there is a West Garden in the West Courtyard and an Imperial Garden, a swimming pool, a painting and calligraphy building and a royal air-raid shelter in the East Courtyard. Jixi Building and Qinmin Building in the West Campus have been restored to their original appearance, receiving more than 300,000 tourists, making them one of the bases of patriotism education in China.

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