What are the customs of Miao nationality?

Miao nationality has a long history, mainly living in the southeast of Guizhou Province, Damiaoshan in Guangxi, Hainan Island and Hunan. Miao people live in high mountain areas, mainly in agriculture, and their crops are upland rice and corn. Miao people are rich in folk oral literature and poetry, and of course they can sing and dance well.

What are the customs of Miao nationality?

First, clothing.

The costumes of the Miao nationality in Huayuan are cloth handkerchiefs wrapped around their heads, flower handkerchiefs in You Ya and green handkerchiefs in other areas. Handkerchiefs are 1-3 meters long and wear multi-layer herringbone. Wear a double-breasted dress with long and small sleeves, short and big trousers and blue feet. Most of the materials are self-woven "home clothes", and plaid clothes are the most distinctive.

All kinds of silver ornaments have different shapes, such as rims, flat rings and disk diagrams. Earrings include melon seed earrings, pomegranate earrings, plum blossom pin earrings, circle earrings, faucet earrings, Baba earrings and so on. Miao women should wear silver ornaments whether they are married, visiting relatives and friends, being guests, going to the market or having festivals. After liberation, Miao costumes gradually changed. Now, except for Jiwei, Buzuo, Yaxi, Paibi, Paifang and Dongmaku, most of them wear Miao costumes, and the clothes of young men and women in other towns are no different from those of Han nationality.

Second, diet.

Before liberation, the Miao people in Huayuan used rice and corn as the staple food, supplemented by sweet potato, barley, wheat, millet, cowpea and other miscellaneous grains. Usually eat two meals during a solar eclipse, and the poor often fill their hunger with bran vegetables. After liberation, people's life has improved. At the end of 1970s, rice was the main food, and other miscellaneous grains gradually turned into raw materials for food industry or livestock feed.

In addition to fresh vegetables produced by Miao people, the most distinctive feature of Laicai is pickled hot and sour vegetables, such as sauerkraut, sour soup, hot and sour seeds, Chili sauce and so on. They are all Miao home-cooked dishes. The Miao family has always been hospitable. Guests always treat each other with wine and meat, including glutinous rice wine and corn wine, as well as pigs, cows, sheep, fish, chickens and ducks. It's not convenient to buy fish in Miaoxiang at ordinary times. In order to prevent guests from being poorly prepared when they arrive, most people will use special methods to pickle sour fish, sour meat and bacon for their guests.

Third, marriage.

Before liberation, the Miao people in Huayuan were generally monogamous, and some rich people were polygamous. Marriage between men and women is mainly matchmaking. Miao youth contact and love each other through labor, assembly, rushing to the scene and visiting relatives. After many dates, confirm the love relationship, sing love songs to each other, give gifts to each other, and then get married freely. Engagement, usually the man's family takes the initiative to find the woman's relatives.

So the wedding date is two days. Before the guests leave, the bride and groom can only meet and can't stay together. After the individual, the newlyweds entered a normal life. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the old marriage customs were gradually abolished, and a new wedding was held, which was no different from the Han wedding.

Fourth, the funeral.

The Miao dead were buried. Adults died and were buried in coffins, while underage children died and were buried in wooden boxes. When the old man dies normally, he should burn "gas money" and fire three guns at the same time, commonly known as "starting gun" Take a bath by boiling water with peach leaves or calamus, put on a shroud, go to the willow bed, and then enter the coffin. The coffin was placed in the center of the mourning hall and the whole family mourned. Dai Xiao Palmer posted the words "When the event is important" at the gate. In the evening, the Taoist priest was invited to "play around the coffin" to recite the scriptures and stop for three to seven days before going up the mountain for burial. Some people choose "auspicious day" to see where there are no taboos before they help the coffin to the ground.

When the coffin goes up the mountain, the deceased's uncle's house will find an old man, wrapped in white cloth with twenty or thirty feet and holding a straw handle to lead the way. Filial sons and grandsons will also head Dai Xiao handkerchiefs, hold incense paper and leave paper money. They will whine without detours, climb mountains, wade in water and even trample crops. After the coffin entered the grave, the dutiful son dug it three times with a hoe, and even called the dead three times, and then everyone began to bury it. Undertaker will all call back to Xiao Jia's house. There is a bowl of rice soaked in water outside Xiao Jia's house. Everyone will eat 1000 tablets, put them in his mouth and blow them away before entering the house. People who die abnormally, old and young, can't stay in the morgue. Most people don't choose a day, they are buried with death, and the funeral is hasty.

V. festivals

There are many Miao festivals in Huayuan. In addition to the Spring Festival, Spring Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival and Double Ninth Festival, the most typical festivals are: catching up with the Spring Festival (adjusted in the first month of the lunar calendar), and the Miao people in various places agree on their own places and dates. On that day, men and women, old and young, dressed in costumes, gathered artists, singers and lion dragon lanterns from all over the world. The venue was full of people and very lively. People can sit on the swing, watch lions, dragon lanterns, martial arts, juggling, knives and ladders, and listen to singers singing duets. Young people take the opportunity to find lovers.

The arrangement, arrangement and Dongmaku area of cherry trees in Yingtaoshe County are very rich. Every year in the cherry ripening season in March of the lunar calendar, local Miao young men and women will be invited to gather together in the cherry blossom forest, sing Miao songs and engage in social activities for about half a month. This activity Miao language liudliudbidua means picking cherries. Catch Autumn "Catch Autumn" is a grand festival for Miao people in Huayuan.

In the past few days, the children of the ancestors in Xinli have to serve three strips of fresh chrysanthemum (Miao language "Wu Shan") and wild onion (homophonic "Guang"), wash and chop them up, and add diced bacon, peanuts, sesame seeds, red dates, winter bamboo shoots, dried bean curd, lard and so on. And take them to the new ancestral grave as a memorial. After three years, I will not hang up, but only hang up in Tomb-Sweeping Day.

Six, taboo

Miao people have many taboos, mainly including: avoid stepping on the cast iron tripod in Miao's fire pit, which is used for cooking. It is said that the tripod was transformed from three fire-protecting ancestors, and no one can step on it, otherwise it would be disrespectful to the ancestors.

Don't sit above the fire pit near the pillar on the right side of the fire pit. Miao people call it "rammed height" and have ancestral halls for their elders to sit on. Young people and children are strictly forbidden to sit here, and they are not allowed to play, draw water or swear in this place, otherwise they will miss their ancestors and the gods will be angry. Avoid shaking "Longyan" Miaojiatang has a rock slab in the center and a "dragon cave" under it. It is said that shaking the "dragon cave" will scare the dragon away and the owner will suffer.

Don't wear a white handkerchief when your parents are alive. Wearing a white handkerchief is a sign of mourning. Don't blow firewood on New Year's Eve. It is said that the firewood blowing conference blew away a new wealth, which made it poor. Other taboos are the same as those of Han nationality in this county.

(Reference:

Xinhuanet)