What are the etiquette of Zhuang nationality?

1. Marriage Zhuang people practice monogamy outside the clan, and different clans with the same surname can marry. In the past, according to matchmakers, parents arranged everything, and early marriage was common. Parents usually arrange their engagement at the age of thirteen or fourteen. When engaged, the matchmaker honors the woman's parents with milk money, dining tables and clothes, and prepares clothes and jewelry for the girl to be sent to the woman's home. When you get married, give meals to your ancestors, pay homage to your family and tell your ancestors. The wedding ceremony is the same as that of the Han nationality. The ceremony of uxorilocal marriage is the same as that of marrying a woman, but the ceremony is simple. The bride price of the man's family is not required, and the woman's family pays for the banquet. There is a marriage custom of "changing rooms", but it is rare to change a brother's wife into a brother's wife. For a long time, it has been popular to "sit on the moon" after marriage, and women return to their parents' homes after marriage. During the confinement period, both men and women have social freedom, but the behavior must be carried out under the supervision of their parents, and they will not live in their husbands' parents' homes until they are pregnant or have children (husbands or brothers and sisters can take them back for a short stay on New Year's Day and during the busy farming season). If you can't have children in three to five years, but your sister-in-law has grown up and got married, you have to "leave your husband's family", otherwise you will remarry. 198 1 year later, the time of "sitting at home" is greatly shortened, and you can live with your husband for a long time in about three months, five months or even eight months. The Zhuang people in Gejiu, Mengzi, Kaiyuan and other cities and counties are called "aborigines". After marriage, they changed the custom of "sitting at home" and left their husbands' home. Young men and women can also fall in love freely. When they are in the street or in festivals, they choose their spouses by singing folk songs and throwing flower bags (embroidered spherical sachets). But even if the two sides are in love, they must get the consent of their parents, and they can get married after the "eight characters". When getting married, "natives" and "peasants" are prevalent in throwing water at the groom, and "sand people" are prevalent in throwing water at the matchmaker. Take Baba to the bride's house on the wedding day. When the "farmer" visits the church, the elders should give the bride and groom their wedding names, then the in-laws call their daughter-in-law's wedding names, and the in-laws call their son-in-law's wedding names.

The "natives" from afar and Mengzi invited the media to act as matchmakers. For the first time, they would bring wine and meat, commonly known as "playing dog dishes". Engagement is called "drinking water" and marriage is called "offering rice". When the bride gets married, the woman's door is closed, and the man will accompany Lang to put a red envelope under the door and send a "girl chicken" to open the door. The "chick" slaughtered the guests on the same day, and the banquet lasted until dawn the next day, eating and singing. The next day, the woman's family still entertained the wedding guests, but there was no food, and she had to sing a song to beg for food before sending it out. After the meal, the bride picks up the bride, and the woman's house sends "noon", there must be a piece of pig's head meat. When the bride comes home, she should be given "entrance money" and put a shoulder pole on the threshold, which means that the bride should shoulder the burden of family life from now on.

"Machetes" or bows and arrows are placed on both sides of the gate, and the bride carries a flower umbrella with her to show her wit and courage. "Nong Ren" and "Sha Ren" from Jinping, Hekou and Yuanyang meet for a little wine. On the first day of the wedding, the female companions who got along well with the girl since childhood brought fried soybeans and scrambled egg cakes from home to the bride's house for dinner, and also accompanied the bride to eat and sing. After Maitreya met and established feelings, the man's family invited the matchmaker to the woman's house to ask for relatives. The woman's parents agreed to give the girl's birthday to the matchmaker and take it to the man's house. If the "eight characters" match, the man's family asks the fortune teller to choose an auspicious day, and the matchmaker tells the woman's family that she is busy making dowry for the girl. On the first day of marriage, the man's family chose 1 partners to represent the groom, and 1 girls and two older men chose wine and meat to meet relatives at the woman's house. On an auspicious morning, the woman's family invited all her relatives to have a "wedding banquet" at home, and then selected 6 men and 6 women to see them off. When the girl arrived at the man's house, she didn't share a room with the groom, but lived in a room with six sisters who came to see me off. The next day, the groom went to the banquet to propose a toast, and on the third day, he returned to the door. After the next planting season, the groom will personally go to the mother-in-law's house to get back the bride, and then the husband and wife can be together for a long time. The age of marriage in Gejiu area is generally not over 20 years old. /kloc-before the age of 0/8, his parents chose the object for him, and some people fell in love freely. However, they must get the consent of their parents. First, please ask two matchmakers to "intercede" and call it "begging". The second time, the matchmaker brought two ribs (also called "pro-food") and dining tables to the woman's house to ask for her birthday wedding. To get married, there must be three etiquette:

Small marriage: in marriage, it is considered that there is no "mutual restraint" between men and women, and small marriage (engagement) is included. The man gives the woman a "small water gift", which generally includes 7.5 kg of wine, half a pig's head, 77.5 kg of rice, gift silver 160 yuan, milk silver 66 yuan, two long-headed home-made cloth and jewelry. After the engagement, I will give gifts to my parents-in-law on holidays, glutinous rice on Dragon Boat Festival, moon cakes on Mid-Autumn Festival and meat Baba on Spring Festival.

Wedding package: Both families agree on the wedding date through the matchmaker. Get a marriage certificate after the wedding date is set. Within six months before marriage, the woman wants a "wedding" gift according to the economic situation of the man's family. The amount of money is uncertain, but six words are required, such as 260. Others include 1 pig, a cart full of rice and enough dining tables, several sets of clothes and shoes, silver bracelets, double round waist chains, silver, "blue silk" syringes and pipe heads. If the man is in a good financial situation, the woman wants a gold ring and earrings. All weddings, big or small, should be treated, and the agreed gift money should be sent as a preparation for the bride's dowry, such as double bed, bedding, boxes, clothes and so on.

Marriage: On the day before the wedding, the man's family should give a gift, namely 1 pig, and choose a "water gift" including cake, tea, wine, side dishes, red and green clothes and trousers worn by the bride. The wedding was held the day after the ceremony. The man and the groom. When the matchmaker and escort ride to the woman's house, someone should come out to meet them. After the sacrifice to heaven, the woman served three bowls of tea to the chicken, fish and meat, which meant that the chicken flew away. After dinner, she got up and went back to the man's house, and the dowry was also sent away. In the past, the bride took a sedan chair, but after liberation, she walked instead. Since the 1980s, riding in carriages, tractors and cars has become popular. In front of the man's house, there are mats on the ground and saddles on the threshold. Before the bride and groom cross the saddle, please read the formula of "returning the car" and scatter grain, straw and copper coins in all directions, which is called "returning the account". At the gate, there are 1 steelyard and 1 bushel rice on the table, and scissors and rulers are on the rice. After the confession, the two unmarried girls took the bride to the new house. The groom stood at the door of the house and patted the bride three times with a fan to symbolize the husband's right. Another woman put 1 sieve tray with seven-star lights under the new bed, and the seven-star lights should be on for three consecutive days. That night, the best man who sent the bride lived in the new house, and the groom had to sleep elsewhere. The next day, the bride and groom worship heaven and earth together, offering sacrifices to their ancestors, parents, ancestors and ancestors. After the worship, the elders should give jewelry or money, which the Zhuang people call "playing with the bench money".

Remarriage is decided by the widow, but before remarriage, it should be explained to her mother-in-law, who will "beat" the man's bride price money and decide how much profit to make. Marriage can only take away your usual clothes. When I went to the man's house, some villages could not be found. If found, they will be fined. Some people don't have a wedding, but only invite relatives and friends to have a meal.

Second, the family Zhuang people are composed of one husband and one Committee. Before liberation, there were some cases of polygamy. How happy it is to run in the family. My son has the ability to build a new house and separate after marriage. Parents are used to leaving their little son in the old house to settle down. Children have the right and obligation to be filial to their parents and inherit their ancestral home, and other property is equally distributed by the sons of the whole family. As family members, women and men do housework together. In productive labor, men are mostly responsible for plowing and building houses, while women are mainly responsible for transplanting rice, transporting fertilizer, weeding, planting cotton, harvesting cotton, spinning and raising livestock and poultry.

Zhuang people have a deep sense of family. As long as they find out where their ancestors live, they will visit relatives no matter how far away. The surname of the first village is respected, and its elders are often elected as the "elders" of the village, presiding over the mediation of civil disputes and the sacrificial activities of the whole village.

Thirdly, the Spring Festival is regarded as a big festival in 1 year by Zhuang people. In the middle of the twelfth lunar month, build roads, clean houses and buy new clothes. The 23rd day of the twelfth lunar month is a small year, which is similar to the Han people's "sending stoves". After the new year, every household began to prepare holiday food, kill chickens and pigs, make rice cakes, soak rice and sugar, and make zongba at the estuary. On New Year's Day, I grabbed fresh water and dragged the symbols of cows, horses and pigs while walking. Chicken, etc. Imitate the voices of six animals with their heads and mouths in order to "prosper six animals." In some areas, after the ancestor worship in the early morning of the first day, children should be allowed to read for a while, parents should fiddle with their abacus, and women should bring a small amount of fertilizer and grain seeds to scatter in the fields to show their prosperity and success in the new year. People living in Hekou County on both sides of the Red River and nanxi river are mostly descendants of the "Black Flag Army", and they will celebrate the "off-year" on the 29th day of the first month, which is also called "Qili Festival" (Zhuang language means old age). According to legend, during the Sino-French War, due to the busy war, the Spring Festival could not be celebrated as scheduled. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, it was the 28th day of the first month, so people made up the Spring Festival to celebrate the victory. People who call themselves "farmers" will pay New Year greetings on the first and second days of the second lunar month every year.

The "Old Secret Festival" in Yuanyang County is held twice a year. The first time is the first month of the lunar calendar or February before the ox 10 day. Prepare 1 hen, 1 rooster and 1 dog, tie them with grass and cut them into clothes with red paper. The village head led the way with a scarecrow, and chose four strong and capable men to drag pigs and dogs, followed by chickens, and walk around the main street in the village. Send the scarecrow, drag the pigs and dogs to a fixed stone or tree in the east of the village, set up a thatched cottage, slaughter the pigs, dogs and chickens and take them to sacrifice. The second time was in July of the lunar calendar, when Longkou built roads, which was a horse day to "clean the stockade". This festival is the same as the last one, except killing chickens and not dogs. On this day, farmers in the whole village will send 1 people to participate. Meat must be eaten locally and cannot be brought back to the village. It is believed that cleaning the stockade and driving the monsters out of the village will save people and animals from disasters and make crops grow well.

Therefore, on the day of "secret giving", the villagers will go to the fixed forest above the stockade and set up a stone under the selected tree to kill pigs and sacrifice to the gods. The "village owner" who sacrifices to the village god needs to choose people with correct facial features, complete limbs, children and husband and wife. The "Old Sacrifice Master" must first lead two assistants and six others to clean up the forest. Pig's head and pig's foot are cooked when they are sacrificed, and the remaining pork, glutinous rice and white wine are taken home by each household, which is regarded as "secret" wine and meat. This wine and meat should be left to each family to grow cotton and brought to cotton fields and rice fields for sacrifice on the day of opening the seedling gate. Farmers with pregnant women or people who have just died can only wait outside the fence and be served wine and meat. Two days before the festival, the "old sacrificial master" who presides over the sacrifice and his assistant must take a bath in the hot spring and not share the bed with his wife. Seven days ago, they were not allowed to eat beef, dog meat, fish and other fishy things. On the day of the festival, put a pot of delicious flour and water outside the designated "secret giving" forest. Anyone who enters the meeting must wash his hands with perfume first. All the water used to kill and scald pigs, as well as the shaved pig hair, should be dug out and buried deeply. If it is not buried deeply, it will attract flies, so it is thought that there will be more flies and mosquitoes in the village this year. On the same day, there will be a "catching leopards" activity, that is, 1 person who participates in "secret giving" will be selected as the "leopards", and bowls of meat will be served to the "leopards" before eating and at dark. "Leopard" carried the bowl of meat and a match head around three times, and everyone shouted, meaning to chase "Leopard". When the "leopards" don't come back to eat with everyone after dinner that day, they are not allowed to go out to visit the village, otherwise they think that people and animals in the village will be hurt. During the festival, every household will steam yellow and red glutinous rice, cook eggs for children, cut pine trees into ponies and drag them around the village. On this day, people from other villages are not allowed to enter the village, people from the village are not allowed to go up the mountain to pick firewood, and they do not go to the well to wash vegetables that morning. Violators will be punished according to regulations. Treat guests on holidays, and the whole village will rest for 4 ~ 5 days. Men, women and children wear new farmers. During the day, young men and women go to the mountains to sing, and at night, they sing and dance in the village.

Eat new rice. Every year, before the millet is harvested and after the rice turns yellow, families choose the day to eat new rice. When the millet is ripe, pick 4 ~ 6 pieces in the field, carry the rice back and process it into rice, kill a red rooster, make tofu, cook the newly dug taro, carry it to the table, and offer sacrifices to the gods and ancestors at the dinner table. Men who go to cut millet should get up early and go to the fields when they are full. If they are hungry and cut new millet, they think that the whole family will starve. On the way back and forth, don't answer when you meet someone. Pick up the married girl when eating new rice. After the elders take a bite first, others can add rice. You can't spoil the first bowl of rice.

"The natives are all over one year old." September 28th of the lunar calendar is a festival to celebrate the "Lunar New Year" for the old people who died that year. Before the festival, the old man's daughter and son-in-law will bring chicken and wine back to her mother's house to burn paper for meals, and invite relatives and friends to visit her ancestors. In the past, the "Year-round Festival" was held for three consecutive years, but now it is generally only 1 year. There are two kinds of folklore about "Lunar New Year Festival": First, in ancient times, there were 1 emperors who invited Zhuang chefs to cook royal meals. One day the emperor asked him: What is the sweetest thing in the world? "The chef said," Salt is the sweetest. The emperor killed the chef in a rage and invited 1 chef. The chef doesn't put salt in his cooking. The emperor asked the cook, "why don't you put salt?" The chef replied, "The emperor said that salt is not sweet, so he dared not put it. "Knowing that he killed someone by mistake, the emperor made a" year-round sacrifice "for his chef who killed him by mistake. Second, there were 1 emperors' concubines in ancient times, all of whom were native women. 1 year, Yu Ji's mother died. She chose the date of departure (September 28th) and went home to see her mother off. The emperor said, "It's raining, don't go back." The princess said, "No matter how heavy the rain is, we must go." The emperor said, "It's going to rain, it's going to rain." It is really raining here. It is said that it will rain on September 28th every year. If it doesn't rain, it will be cloudy for three days. If it doesn't rain, the harvest will not be good.

Fourth, the funeral Zhuang nationality once practiced wooden coffin cremation. The old record says that "Tu Liao" "people dig holes to die, go to coffins, beat indiscriminately, beat drums for one day and burn them for three days." The "Sandman" died and was buried in a thin coffin. The daughter-in-law stood tall in makeup and said that she would stand on the ridge of the field and finish it. She was buried in the wild and burned to cover it up. "depending on people" and "kissing to death, plain hemp, cremation in Ubuntu dynasty, regardless of the sun and the moon, that is, the end of the year." In modern times, Zhuang people generally carried out wooden coffin burial like Han people. Wei Meng's surname is Dai Xiao, and he calls himself "Yi Ren". For example, Wu is wearing a white hat and a white jacket; Zhang is bald and wearing a long white dress; Shen and Lu wore hemp hats and linen clothes; Wang Xing, the coffin is dead. In front of the coffin of "Thick Man", it is necessary to screen the ashes at the bottom of the coffin with a sieve, and then pat the lid with your hand to see if there are any abnormal traces of the ashes, so as to determine whether the soul of the deceased left home to worship the ancestors. The pillow of the deceased should be padded with triangular white cloth, screened with rice, and no barnyard grass. At the funeral of Zhuang nationality in Yuanyang, Yu Yu hung a black cloth bag filled with millet and rice fragrance on his shoulder, held 1 hen, knelt in front of the coffin, put a long knife on his head, kowtowed three times, and then shook it off underground, looking at the direction of the knife edge, indicating that the deceased did not want to go out and continued to worship, indicating that the deceased had no worries. Children of the deceased must wear mourning clothes until after burial 1 month. On the third and thirtieth day after burial, chickens will be killed and sacrificed to the grave. Three years after the death of the "sand people" in Hekou, the bodies and bones should be picked up from the coffin on an auspicious day and reburied in a crock. When the Zhuang people in Maitreya died, they knocked on the bronze drums. When villagers hear drums, they know death. When a woman dies, she can't put the coffin until all the main relatives at home are present. People who come here bring sacrifices, pigs and sheep. A man dies, and only when his brothers arrive can he become a coffin. Whether men or women die, coffins are made of glutinous rice flour into cows, sheep, houses and so on. Pay homage to the coffin to "benefit" the deceased. Filial son 1 year is not allowed to have his hair cut or shaved. Small cloth in Baotou can only be reserved for making clothes for grandchildren.

Taboo about social taboos: father-in-law can't enter daughter-in-law's bedroom. Literati dare not write divorce papers. Women don't eat together when guests are at home. The next generation can't drink slowly with guests. Brother can't talk to sister-in-law casually.

Taboo about production: The fifth month of the lunar calendar is the Year of the Loong, so you can't pick shit and pour urine. Don't work in the fields on June 6th. Open a room by almanac. If there is a meaning in the almanac that "it is not appropriate to break ground", then choose another auspicious day.

Taboo about superstition: avoid saying unlucky things during the Spring Festival. On the first day of the first month of the first month, it is forbidden to blow fire, sweep the floor, visit houses, pound rice, wash clothes, use knives and axes, and borrow things. Pay off the loans and borrowings before New Year's Eve. You can't sit on the threshold, step on the tripod on the stove or fireplace, carry a hoe and wear a hat to enter the house, climb and cut down trees on Longshan Mountain.

Taboo about women: In the wedding room, pregnant women are not allowed to see the bride. When there is a pregnant woman at home, a straw hat of 1 is hung on the door, implying that outsiders are not allowed to enter. When a married woman returns to her family, she can't take anything from the altar. Don't put new tiles on the top of the kitchen for pregnant women. Women are not allowed to light a lamp in the bedroom less than 3 days before giving birth. Women's clothes can't be washed with men's clothes. Women can't comb their hair on New Year's Day.