What * * * influence did the Meiji Restoration and Shang Yang Reform in Japan have on the historical development process?

Meiji Restoration led Japan to the capitalist road. After the Meiji Restoration, Japan gradually became rich and strong, used its powerful national strength to gradually abolish the unequal treaties signed with western powers, restored national sovereignty, and got rid of the crisis of becoming a colony. Then, with the rapid improvement of economic strength, military strength has also been rapidly strengthened. 1895 and 1904- 1905, the Qing empire and Russia were defeated in the Japanese-Qing War and the Russo-Japanese War respectively, which attracted the attention of western powers and became Asian hegemons. Fukuzawa Yukichi's theory of "leaving Asia and entering Europe" also became the orthodox theory in this period.

At the beginning of the restoration, due to the policy of Meiji government, the social status of samurai declined greatly. With the gradual reduction of salary, the financial security of samurai is also weakened. All these led to the gentry's dissatisfaction with the Meiji government, and armed resistance broke out one after another. Saigō Takamori, the hero of the Reform, launched the Southwest War centering on Kagoshima County in 1877, which became the last and largest battle against the gentry. After the defeat, the remaining gentry went underground, combined with the "movement of establishing elected house" led by Banyuan Seijiro, and formed political opposition by developing the "freedom and African-American people's rights movement". 1889, The Constitution of Imperial Japan was published, becoming the first written constitution in Asia. 1890, the Japanese parliament (imperial parliament) officially began to operate.

As for the social and cultural changes, it is related to intellectuals who have studied abroad (Ito Bowen, Oda Chongxin, Nitobe Inazo, etc.). ) Absorbing and introducing western culture, laws and regulations into Japan, introducing a lot of modern things, and gradually forming a trend of "civilization", which has had a great impact on the traditional conservative Japanese society. Not only has there been a westernized change in material needs and living habits, but with the extensive implementation of the education system and social organizations, there has also been a tendency to modernize ideas (such as punctuality, hygiene and western etiquette); Literature and art have a great influence (especially modern literature and European architecture).

On the other hand, although the Meiji government was determined to reform, it paid more attention to promoting the prosperity of the country as a whole, leaving many problems, such as the emperor's excessive power, the powerful people from the vassal areas controlling state affairs for a long time, forming a powerful "vassal politics" system, serious land annexation, and the monopoly of market economy by emerging chaebols. These negative problems interact with some thorny social problems that will occur and accumulate in the future.