What's the story of January Day?

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January:

(1) refers to an auspicious day. The biography of Han Wang Mang: "It is the first day of Woods and the tenth day of Wuyin, which is the day of fainting (marriage), so I don't follow it." ; Yan Shigu Note: "Hao Yuan." ② refers to the first day of the first month. Shu Shun Dian: "The moon is on the right day, and Shun Ge is in Wenxiangzu." Detailed explanation 1. The first day of the first month. Shu Shun Dian: "On the first day of the month, Shun Ge was in Wen Zu." Kong Chuan: "The moon is positive, the first month; January, the last day. " "Selected Works of Zhang Heng's Ode to Tokyo": "Therefore, the Yuan Day, after death." Chief Xue's note: "According to legend, on the first day of the first month, governors came from all directions." Wang Song Chende's History of Historical Examination: "People in Jianghu often weigh the river scale at the age of 20 and weigh it again at the beginning of the year, but the water is heavy." Qing Zhaolian's "Xiao Ting Zalu Li Qin Gonggong": "There is a practice in the Yuan Dynasty. Although the superiors and subordinates do not receive it, they will send it to the door with their shoulders." 2. auspicious day. "Lu Chunqiu Zhongchun": "On the day of choosing Yuan, people are destined to be a country." G: "Hao Yuan." "The Biography of Wang Han": "Take Wuzi as the Yuan Day and Wuyin as the Death Day." Yan Shigu Note: "Hao Yuan." "History of Southern Song Dynasty": "On the day of Jane Yuan, I went to the altar to receive meditation."

Author background

Wang Anshi: (102 1 ~ 1086), word,No. Banshan,No. Jin Wudi. Han nationality. Politicians, thinkers, writers and reformers in the Northern Song Dynasty. Linchuan in the Northern Song Dynasty (now Shangchi Village, dongxiang county, Jiangxi Province). Injong Li Qing Jinshi. In the third year of Jiayou (1058), he advocated political reform, demanding to change the situation of "accumulating poverty and accumulating weakness", implement the policy of enriching the people in Qiang Bing, restrain the merger of bureaucratic landlords, and strengthen the ruling power, so as to prevent large-scale peasant uprisings and consolidate the rule of the landlord class. In the second year of Zong Shenxi Ning (1069), he took part in political affairs. The following year, he became prime minister, relying on Zongshen to carry out political reform. And support Xihe and other five States to improve the situation of fighting Xixia. The new law was opposed by conservatives. Xining was dismissed in seven years. Re-phased in the following year; After nine years' resignation, he still lives in Jiangning (now Nanjing, Jiangsu), renamed Gong Jing, and was known as Gong Jing. Obituary of death. Lenin once called him "1 1 century China reformer". Mainly writing prose, he is one of the "eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". I am also a poet, and I have achieved more on prose. His ci has a unique style, which cleansed the five generations of lead China and opened the voice of the uninhibited. There is a compilation of Mr Linchuan's songs. There are Wang Linchuan Collection and Linchuan Collection.

He emphasized that "power changes with time" and opposed conservatism. He was a reformer in China in the 1 1 century. He advocated "absolutely seeking the right, so managing the affairs of the world", and set up a special bureau for scholars and disciples to compile the new meanings of each classic into the final version of recitation. The new meanings of the three classics, Poetry, Book and Zhou Guan, are the most important, and Zhou Guan Xin Yi can especially explain the New Deal theory. His poems and essays exposed the disadvantages of the times, reflected social contradictions, and reflected his political opinions and ambitions. Prose is vigorous and powerful, and it was listed as one of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties" in the old days. Poetry is vigorous and fresh. Although there are not many words, but the style is lofty, "Gui Zhi Huajinling Nostalgia" is quite famous. Many of his works, such as Zi Shuo and Zhong Shan Tu Lu, have been lost. Wang's Linchuan Ji, Lin Shiyi and San Jing all contain the remnants of Zhou Guan and Lao Zi Zhu.

Modern Translation of Ancient Poetry

It has been a year since firecrackers were set off.

Tu Su wine warms people's hearts and the spring breeze blows.

How bright the rising sun is,

Everyone changed the new peach characters into the old ones.

Appreciation of famous sentences

"Thousands of families always trade new peaches for old ones every day."

This poem describes the scene of people celebrating the Spring Festival in the Song Dynasty: the spring breeze warmed them, the rising sun rose, every family lit firecrackers, and the whole family was busy taking off the old peach symbol on the door and replacing it with a new symbol with a door god. The author chose these typical scenes of the Spring Festival, showing a folk picture with a strong flavor of life. Song people especially like to express their political ambitions and philosophical views through poetry. As a prime minister, Wang Anshi is carrying out drastic reforms. Therefore, the lines of this poem are full of his firm belief and optimism about getting rid of the disadvantages of the times and implementing the new law. Expressed his smug mood. It can also reflect his ruling attitude.

Enjoy 1:

This poem describes the scene of bidding farewell to the old and welcoming the new in the Spring Festival. A piece of firecrackers sent away the old year, drinking mellow Tu Su wine and feeling the breath of spring. The rising sun shines on thousands of families, and every family's peaches are replaced with new ones.

"January 1st" is the first day of the first month of the lunar calendar. This is an impromptu work about welcoming the New Year in ancient times. Based on folk customs, it sensitively absorbs the typical materials of ordinary people during the Spring Festival and captures the representative details of life: setting off firecrackers, drinking Tu Su wine and changing peach symbols, which fully shows the joyful atmosphere of the New Year Festival and is full of rich life breath.

"Firecrackers are one year old, and the spring breeze warms Tu Su." Setting off fireworks on New Year's Day has been a custom since ancient times and continues to this day. It refers to the New Year wine made of grass or several herbs in ancient China. In ancient customs, every year on the first day of the first month, the whole family drank Tu Su wine, and then wrapped the dregs in red cloth and hung them on the doorframe to "exorcise evil spirits" and avoid the plague. With the firecrackers, the old year passed. People drink festive Tu Su wine and feel that spring is coming warmly.

The third sentence, "Every family lives", inherits the previous poems, which means that every family is bathed in the light of the early spring sunrise. "Tomorrow" refers to the sunrise from darkness to light. The last sentence describes the forwarding discussion. Fu Tao: It refers to a mahogany board painted with two gods, God Tea and Lei Yu, or with their names written on it, which is hung on the door in the early morning of the first day of the first month of the first month to ward off evil spirits. This is also an ancient folk custom. "Always replacing new peaches with old ones" is a sentence pattern of compression and ellipsis. The new peach omits the word "character" and the old peach omits the word "peach", so they are used alternately because of the limitation of words per sentence. It means: the old peach character is replaced by the new peach character. The change of peach characters reveals the theme of "getting rid of the old and getting rid of the new"

In fact, the artistic conception and reality expressed in this poem also have its own symbolic significance. It is a metaphor and praise for the successful implementation of the new law. This poem eulogizes the birth of new things, and is as full of vitality as Spring Breeze Warming Up. It also contains profound philosophy, pointing out that new things always replace declining things.

Appreciation 2:

This poem describes the moving scene of excitement, joy and Vientiane renewal on New Year's Day, and expresses the author's thoughts and feelings of reforming politics.

The first sentence, "One year old in firecrackers", sent away the old year and ushered in the new year in firecrackers. Sentences are closely related to the topic, rendering the lively and joyful atmosphere of the Spring Festival. The second sentence, "Spring Breeze Warms Tu Su", describes people drinking Tu Su wine in the warm spring breeze. The third sentence, "Every family is dying", is written that the glory of the rising sun shines on every family. Using "absolutely" to express the splendid scene at sunrise symbolizes the infinite bright future. In the conclusion, the phrase "Always exchange old symbols for new peaches" not only describes the folk custom at that time, but also contains the meaning of exchanging new cloth for old cloth. "Fu Tao" is a kind of red wooden board painted with gods, which is hung on the door to ward off evil spirits. Every new year's day, take off the old peach symbol and put on a new one. "New peaches for old symbols" closely echoes the first sentence of firecrackers to send the old year, vividly showing the scene of Vientiane renewal.

Wang Anshi is both a politician and a poet. Many of his poems about scenery and things contain strong political content. Through the description of New Year's Day and the new atmosphere of New Year's Day, this poem expresses its ambition, optimism and self-confidence of ruling reform, eliminating the old and enriching the people.

Appreciation 3

There are many poems praising the Spring Festival. This song by Wang Anshi captures the three traditional customs of setting off firecrackers, drinking Tu Su wine, and exchanging new peaches for old ones, which renders the atmosphere of peace and joy in the Spring Festival. This kind of writing is concise, typical and has strong generalization ability. The cheerful atmosphere in the poem is consistent with the author's mood of starting to implement the new law and reform and hoping for success. Nowadays, fewer people post Fu Tao, and most people replace Fu Tao with Spring Festival couplets, but the custom of setting off firecrackers and drinking during the New Year is still widely circulated among the people. This also shows from one side that the cultural tradition of our Chinese nation is very long. This poem has the characteristics of traditional beauty. Of course, there are too many people in big cities now, and we don't advocate setting off firecrackers from the aspects of clean air and fire prevention.

poetic sentiment

This poem describes the moving scene of excitement, joy and Vientiane renewal on New Year's Day, and expresses the author's thoughts and feelings of reforming politics.

The first sentence, "One year old in firecrackers", sent away the old year and ushered in the new year in firecrackers. Sentences are closely related to the topic, rendering the lively and joyful atmosphere of the Spring Festival. The second sentence, "Spring Breeze Warms Tu Su", describes people drinking Tu Su wine in the warm spring breeze. The third sentence, "Every family is dying", is written that the glory of the rising sun shines on every family. Using "absolutely" to express the splendid scene at sunrise symbolizes the infinite bright future. In the conclusion, the phrase "Always exchange old symbols for new peaches" not only describes the folk custom at that time, but also contains the meaning of exchanging new cloth for old cloth. "Fu Tao" is a kind of red wooden board painted with gods, which is hung on the door to ward off evil spirits. Every new year's day, take off the old peach symbol and put on a new one. "New peaches for old symbols" closely echoes the first sentence of firecrackers to send the old year, vividly showing the scene of Vientiane renewal.

Historical evaluation

There are many different comments on Wang Anshi's political reform in history. During the Northern Song Dynasty, opponents criticized it by modifying history. In the Southern Song Dynasty, the reform was characterized by the method of compiling history, and it was pointed out that Wang Anshi's reform led to the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty (it is said that the Southern Song Dynasty court wanted to shirk the responsibility of the royal family). Later generations made such judgments on its reform based on this, so that there were special satirical articles in the Song and Yuan Dynasties.

However, there are also scholars in Wang Anshi's hometown who argue because of their fellow villagers, such as Lu Jiuyuan.

Since modern times, unprecedented changes have taken place in China, and the call for reform is increasing. Therefore, Wang Anshi's reform began to be positively evaluated. The main figures are Liang Qichao and Yan Fu, and Liang Qichao's Biography of Wang Anshi. He said: "If you want to be perfect in three generations, only the public can be it ... If you don't stand out, you will be criticized by the world and won't let the world down." Starting from the needs of social reality, they call for the spirit of reform. Later, there were more and more studies on Wang Anshi's political reform, and it was not popularized until the Republic of China.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Wang Anshi was evaluated mainly from the perspective of class. Later, this method was gradually abolished, and his reform was from the perspective of specific interests. The main researchers are SJGH and Deng Guangming.

Overseas, Huang Renyu, a Chinese-American historian, believes that many of Wang Anshi's reforms involved large-scale commercial and digital management in China at that time, but they failed because of the lack of bureaucratic culture and related technical capabilities at that time.

In the second year of Xining (1069), Wang Anshi began to implement the new law and adopted a series of reform measures. The following year, Sima Guang wrote a long letter of more than 3,300 words to Wang Anshi, listing the disadvantages of implementing the new law and demanding that Wang Anshi abandon the new law and restore the old system. "Reply to Sima's suggestion" is Wang Anshi's reply: "If I really blame myself for being in office for a long time and failing to help the people, then someone will know the crime. If you say that you should do nothing today, just do what you did before, it is beyond anyone's knowledge. " The so-called "don't be afraid of clouds to cover your eyes, you are at the highest level." It is a portrayal of Wang Anshi.

Wang Anshi's reform

Because he was deeply appreciated by Zongshen, in the second year of Xining (1069), Wang Anshi was appointed as a political adviser, and the next year he was promoted to prime minister, and began to vigorously promote political reform and reform. Wang Anshi clearly put forward that financial management is the prime minister's first priority, explained the relationship between political affairs and financial management, and thought that only on the basis of developing production can the national financial problems be solved well. After Wang Anshi took office, he continued to play this view. In the reform, he took the development of production as the top priority and put it in the first place. Although Wang Anshi emphasized the leading role of state power in the reform, he disapproved of excessive state intervention in social production and economic life, opposed excessive patent collection, and put forward and adhered to the proposition and practice of "not too much monopoly law". Under the guidance of Wang Anshi's above thoughts, the reformists formulated and implemented a series of new laws, from agriculture to handicrafts and commerce, and from rural areas to cities, and launched a wide range of social reforms. At the same time, the reformists headed by Wang Anshi reformed the military system, improved the quality and combat effectiveness of the army, and strengthened control over the vast rural areas; In order to cultivate more talents needed by society, the imperial examination and school education system have also been reformed. The political reform violated the interests of the big landlords and bureaucrats, and Empress Dowager Cixi, royalty and conservative scholar-officials joined forces to oppose the political reform. So in the seventh year of Yexining (1074), Wang Anshi went on strike for the first time. See you next year. Wang Anshi can't get more support after the resumption of the phase and can't carry out reform. In the ninth year of Xining (1076), he resigned as prime minister for the second time and has lived in jiangning house ever since. In the first year of Yuan You, Song Zhezong (1086), conservatives came to power, and all previous new laws were abolished. Wang Anshi died of depression soon.

Writer Wang Anshi

Wang Anshi is not only an outstanding politician, thinker, but also an outstanding writer. In order to realize his political ideal, he closely linked literary creation with political activities.

In recent years, people have emphasized that the function of literature lies in serving the society first. He opposed the vague and powerless style of Yang Yi and Liu Yun of Quincy School, and thought that "the so-called writers are just doing something to make up for the world." The so-called resignation, there are still sculptures. Really be a clever fairy China, there is no need to apply it; If you apply it, you don't have to be smart and flashy. It should be application-oriented and painting-oriented. "It is precisely because Anshi regards the concept of" application "of" serving the world "as the foundation of literary creation that his works reveal the drawbacks of the times, reflect social contradictions and have a strong political color. Today, there are Wang Linchuan's collections, Linchuan's collections and Mr. Linchuan's songs.

Wang Anshi was one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. His prose is vigorous and concise, extraordinary and steep. Most of them are essays in the form of books, tables, notes, preface, etc., which explain political opinions and opinions and serve the reform and innovation. These articles have clear views and profound analysis on current political or social issues. Long articles are horizontal but not concise, short ones are broken but not detailed. Quotations from Emperor Ren Shang is a masterpiece advocating social change. On the basis of in-depth analysis of the diplomatic dilemma of internal troubles and foreign invasion in the Northern Song Dynasty, it put forward a complete political reform proposal, which showed the author's progressive thought of "ruling the country from the people's diseases". "Nothing happened in this century", while describing and explaining the peaceful situation and reasons in the early Song Dynasty for more than a hundred years, pointed out sharply the social problems that were at stake at that time, expected the Sect to make political achievements, and thought that "the promising day is today". It played the overture of the government, which began in the second year. Answering Sima Zhi's remonstrance, he refuted Sima Guang's accusation that the new law invaded officials, caused trouble, demanded benefits and refused to remonstrate. It is short and clear, and its wording is appropriate, which reflects the author's firm and principled statesmanship. An Shi's political essays, whether long or short, are very rigorous in structure, excellent in thinking, thorough in reasoning and concise in language. "It only takes one or two sentences to wipe out a large number of others" (Liu Xizai's Art Outline). Text outline), with strong generality and logic. At this time, it played a positive role in promoting the political reform and consolidating the achievements of the poetry innovation movement in the Northern Song Dynasty. Some of Anshi's essays, such as GunShuo, Reading Biography, Biography of Book Assassin, Shang, etc., are well-known, with strong comments on characters, sharp writing style and rich feelings, giving people a fresh and clear feeling. He also has a part of landscape travel prose "The Creation of the City Pit Courtyard", which is concise, lively and labor-saving, just like Liu Zongyuan; A trip to Baochan Mountain not only records a trip, but also is very meaningful. The two are closely and naturally combined. Even if the abstract truth is vivid, it adds ideological depth to the specific notes and makes the layout flexible and tortuous.

Wang Anshi's poems can be roughly divided into early and late periods, with obvious differences in content and style. Gong Jing was less confident, so poetic language was just what he wanted, and he was no longer more tolerant ... Later, he became a group of shepherds, made a fake collection of poems in the Tang Dynasty from the Song Dynasty, and studied extensively and took it. In his later years, he began to go all out. "(Ye Mengde's Shi Lin Shi Hua). The early poems are good at reasoning and have obvious tendencies, involving many important and sharp societies. The problem noticed the sufferings of the lower classes and made an unfair voice for them. Feelings, mergers, reinforcements, etc. Describe and prompt the weakness of the national situation or the corruption of internal affairs in the Song Dynasty from the political, economic and military aspects, point out the harm of land annexation by big landlords and businessmen to the country and the people, and put forward the suggestion of "elite soldiers"; "Collecting Salt" and "Hebei People" reflect the tragic experience of the people being oppressed by the rulers at that time. "In the Examination Room" and "Examination Paper" directly criticized the imperial examination system of giving scholars poems, requiring the use of talents who can contribute to the country; "Yuan Ri" and "Song Yuanfeng" enthusiastically eulogized the new atmosphere and people's joy brought by the political reform; Shang Yang and Jia Sheng, etc. By evaluating the merits and demerits of historical figures, their new viewpoints and progressive significance are expressed. An Shi's seclusion in his later period brought about changes in his poetry creation. He lingered and reveled in the countryside, with a narrow theme, and a large number of poems about scenery and things replaced the previous political poems, expressing a leisurely interest. But artistic expression is perfect. "Elegant and exquisite, vulgar, every irony will sink between the teeth and cheeks. Poems such as The Story of Poems in the Back of the Mountain, Boating in Guazhou, Flowers on the River, Plum Blossoms and Mr. Yin's Wall in the Book Lake are carefully observed, exquisitely carved, with distant and fresh artistic conception, showing praise and love for the beauty of nature, and have always been told by people.

As far as the poetic style is concerned, Anshi's ancient poems mostly use classics and arguments, but like Qu and Taoyuan Xing, they have novel ideas, rich feelings and rich imagination. Rhyme, on the other hand, is steady and appropriate, but sometimes it is inevitable to lose too much carving. Five musts and seven musts are especially famous. "Wang Banshan has many styles and is good at quatrains" (Hanting Poem) and "Gong Jing's quatrains are amazing in the world" (Boat House Poem). His poems have great influence on contemporary and later generations, and are called "Wang Gong Jing Style" (Yan Yu's Poems on Canglang).

Wang Anshi wrote about twenty poems today. Although he is not a famous poet, his "works are thin and elegant, washing away the old habits of the Five Dynasties" (Liu Xizai's "Art, Ci and Qulue"). The word "Gui Zhi Xiang Jin Mausoleum Nostalgia" reveals the decadent life of the ruling class in the Six Dynasties by describing the magnificent scenery and homesickness of Jinling (now Nanjing, Jiangsu), and is known as the swan song of ancient times. Coupled with Fan Zhongyan's "Fisherman's Passion" and "Qiu Lai's Unique Scenery", Su Dongpo's bold voice was opened, which had a good influence on later ci circles.

From the literary point of view, Anshi's works have made outstanding achievements in poetry, prose and ci. The poetry innovation movement in the mid-Northern Song Dynasty was vigorously promoted by him, which contributed to sweeping away the glitz and splendor that was all the rage in the early Song Dynasty. However, An Shi's literary thought overemphasizes "practicality" and often underestimates the role of art forms. Many of his poems often show that the elements of argument and reasoning are too heavy, thin and stiff, and lack image and charm. There are also some poems about Buddhism, which are obscure and dry, but they are also a bright star in the history of China's poetry.

Wang Anshi (102 1 year-1May 2, 0861day) was a native of Linchuan in the Northern Song Dynasty (now a native of Dengjiaxiang, Jing Highway, Fuzhou City, Jiangxi Province). An outstanding politician, thinker, writer and reformer in the Northern Song Dynasty, he was one of the eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties. Outstanding literary achievements. His poem "Learn from Du Fu's thin and bitter songs" is good at reasoning and rhetoric, and is good at using allusions. His style is vigorous, alert and delicate, and there are also works with deep feelings. He is the author of Collected Works of Mr. Linchuan. He was born in a small official family. My father's name is good, but his words are bad. He used to be a judge of Linjiang Army, and served as a county official in several states all his life. Anshi doesn't like reading very much, has a strong memory and is well educated. In the second year (1042), Li Qing ranked fourth in Emperor Wen of Sui Jinshi list, and successively served as the prison officer of Huainan magistrate, Yinxian magistrate, Changzhou magistrate and Tiaodian Jiangdong. Zhiping No.4 (1067) acceded to the throne at the beginning of Zongshen, and Zhaoan was called a bachelor of Hanlin from Jiangning government school. In the second year of Xining (1069), he was promoted to participate in politics. Since Xining three years ago, he has served as a member of the same school twice to publicize the new law. Ning lived in seclusion after nine years' strike, and died in Zhongshan and posthumous title, Jiangning (now Nanjing, Jiangsu), also known as Wang Wengong. Its political reform had a far-reaching impact on the social economy in the late Northern Song Dynasty and had the characteristics of modern reform. Lenin praised him as "1 1 century China's great reformer". Together with "Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe and Ceng Gong", they are called "Eight Great Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties".