What are the Mongolian holiday customs, folk houses, diets, costumes and handicrafts?

Offering Hada: Hada is an essential item in Mongolian daily salute. Offering Hada is a courtesy used by Mongolian herdsmen in welcoming guests and daily communication. When offering Hada, the host held Hada with open hands, sang auspicious greetings or hymns, exaggerated the atmosphere of respect, and turned Hada's folded mouth to accept Hada's guests. Guests should stand up and face the toaster, listen attentively to the toast and accept the toast. When accepting Hada, the guest should lean forward slightly, and the person who offers Hada will hang Hada around the guest's neck. Guests should put their hands together on their chests to express their thanks to the people who presented Hada.

Tea service: When going to herdsmen's homes or tourist attractions, the host or waiter will give the guests a bowl of milk tea first. Guests should get up slightly and pick it up with their hands or right hands. Never pick it up with your left hand, or it will be considered impolite. When the host or waiter pours tea, if the guest doesn't want to drink tea, please gently touch the spoon or spout with the edge of the bowl, and the host will immediately understand the guest's intention.

Toast: pouring wine is a traditional way for Mongolian people to treat their guests. They believe that wine is the essence of food and the crystallization of grain, and offering the most precious food is to express the respect and love of grassland herders for their guests. Usually, the host pours wine into a silver bowl, a gold cup or a horn cup, puts it on a long Hada and sings a touching traditional Mongolian toast song. If the guest refuses to drink, it will be regarded as contempt for the host and unwilling to treat the host sincerely. Guests should immediately catch the wine, dip their ring fingers in the wine and point to the direction of heaven, earth and stove to show their respect for heaven, earth and Vulcan. Don't be reluctant to drink, but touch your lips to show that you have accepted the pure friendship of your master.

Sacrifice to God: There is a custom of offering sacrifices to God in Mongolian ceremonies and banquets. According to the Mongolian custom guide, the chef cut the sheep into nine equal portions of meat, "The first is heaven, the second is earth, the third is Buddha, the fourth is ghost, the fifth is man, the sixth is mountain, the seventh is grave, the eighth is land and water god, and the ninth is emperor". Sacrifice to heaven and throw meat on the yurt; Sacrificial land was thrown into the fire; Sacrifice Buddha statues in front of shrines; The ghost sacrifice is placed outside the bag; The mountain is hung on the branches of the sacred tree, and the grave is dedicated to the ancestors of this nation. Put it outside the bag, throw it into the river park to worship the water god, and finally sacrifice it to Genghis Khan and put it in front of the shrine. This custom can be traced back to ancient Shamanism, which worships many gods. Later, Lamaism, a Mongolian belief, absorbed its ancient folk beliefs and brought many gods into the track of Lamaism.

Hospitality: Mongolians have been known for their straightforward temperament and warm hospitality since ancient times. Be enthusiastic about visitors at home, whether they are regular customers or strangers. First of all, offer fragrant milk tea, and serve plates of snow-white milk skin and cheese. After drinking milk tea, the host will offer mellow milk wine and invite guests to drink koumiss in midsummer. In some areas, there are certain rules for entertaining guests with hand-grabbed meat. For example, eating with a pipa with four long tendons; Beef is served with a spine with half a rib and a fat sausage. Before or after marriage, the girl goes back to her mother's house to treat her with lamb breast. The calf bone, chin and neck meat of sheep are all for the younger generation and children. Receive distinguished guests or put a whole sheep mat on a festive day.

Respect for the old and love for the young: Mongolians have a sense of security for the old and respect for the old and love for the young. Go to the Mongolian herdsmen's house and greet the old people. Don't pass by the old man, don't sit in his superior position, and don't sit side by side with the old man without permission. When addressing the elderly, you should be called "you", and you are not allowed to be commensurate or call them by their first names. Don't shout when you see the herdsmen's children, let alone fight. Don't talk about your child's physical defects in front of your family. Being good to children and being good to children is considered as respect for parents.

Singing: Mongolian persuasion is often expressed by sincere singing. Singing and persuasion go hand in hand. Often after a lead singer, everyone raises their glasses and sings together, and then everyone cheers together. So many times, the wine is full. Singing is ritualistic, impromptu, one person or several people, and chorus, and its singing is often hearty and sleepless all night.

Hospitality: Mongolian people have a traditional virtue of attaching importance to hospitality, which has been circulating since ancient times.

Offering tea to guests is a noble traditional Mongolian etiquette. In the history of Mongolia, whether it is a rich family or a poor family, whether it is an upper class or a common people, whether it is in communication or at home, on the road, or on all other occasions, tea is an entertainment. Tea is an indispensable treat when guests come home. Therefore, as usual, herders entertain guests with a bowl of milk tea, and then the host brings fried rice and a bowl of cream (called Jiaohe in Mongolian), milk tofu and milk skin.

Then housewives dressed in national costumes bring fragrant milk wine to entertain guests, which is also the traditional etiquette of Mongolian people. The host will persuade the wine in poetic language: "The distant guests invite you to drink a cup of grassland wine, which is the essence of our national traditional food and the kindness and affection of our grassland people."

Mongolians respect etiquette and take it for granted, which is still the case today. Everything according to its ceremony, respect the old and love the young, meet compatriots, old and young in an orderly manner, be polite to guests and friends, and feel at home. Of course, with the progress of the times and the improvement of material and cultural level, its etiquette forms have also developed, enriched and improved on the original basis, such as bowing, shaking hands and exchanging souvenirs. All of them are preferred by Mongolians.

It is conceivable that under the noble quality and moral sentiment of Mongolian people, we will feel the national virtue of simplicity and hospitality.

Choose hunting dogs: Mongolians have the custom of hunting dogs. Therefore, they attach great importance to choosing a good hound-"Tiger", which is a castrated short-haired boutique dog. When choosing and raising hunting dogs, we should pay attention to good breeds, that is, choose puppies with long waist, long and symmetrical tail, keen hearing, keen vision, quick action and fast running speed as hunting dogs.

When hunting and training hounds for the first time, first pour fox blood into the dog's nose to make it an enemy of foxes and wolves. If it is a hound that specializes in hunting foxes and wolves, then rabbit hunting is forbidden. Otherwise, chasing a fox will lose its main goal when it meets a rabbit.

A well-trained hound must understand the following points: whistling, gesturing, waving, pointing, calling and other hints and requirements. A good hound can not only catch the fox running in the wild, but also drag the fox into the cave by biting its tail.

These hounds eat once a day. While feeding rice, you should also add some meat such as rabbit meat and mutton, but after the meat is cooked, add salt to dry it. Hunting dogs should feed less, master certain standards and avoid overfeeding. For nine days in winter, in order to prevent the dog's paws from cracking in winter, the dog's paws should be coated with garlic paste. After five or nine days, the hounds must be tied to the saddle drawers with Han stains for belly control and suspension.

At the end of autumn, horses and hounds began to rest and control. After hanging, the hunters chose a red magpie to hunt on a red day. After arriving at the hunting site, they offered sacrifices to Manet Khan before starting hunting. People who lead hounds usually lead more than two hounds. Nearly ten hounds add up to thirty or forty. They lined up and marched in an area three to five miles wide. Some people scatter their dogs when they see their prey, while others just don't scatter their dogs until they are ready for the key point. Each hunting dog can catch two or three foxes on average a day. Hunting with hounds is not distributed according to the number of prey caught by hounds, but according to traditional customs, all participants can get a share of prey.