Changes of villagers' houses in Shijiazhuang Baifo

In the early days of liberation in Baifo Village on the outskirts of Shijiazhuang, most villagers lived in adobe houses. Some people have a hard life. If you can't afford adobe, live in a brick wall house, that is, an earth wall with a layer of straw on the roof and mud on the straw. In the rainy season, the mud on the roof was washed away. In order to prevent the house from leaking, a layer of mud was pressed the next year. At ordinary times, standing on the house and looking around, the roof of every household looks like a thatched field.

People who have a better life build brick houses, that is, the outer layer of the wall is built with horizontal bricks, and the inside of the brick is built with blanks.

Blanking usually occurs in autumn. After planting wheat, farm work is not busy. After the rainy season, people who want to build houses in the coming year begin to blank out. The soil used for making blanks is to dig holes in individual fields and pour water on the ground. After the water seeps down, the soil in the field can be beaten if it is not wet and dry. People who have no land can also buy soil to make bricks. The dimensions of the blank are 1.25 feet (40 cm), 6 inches (20 cm) wide and 3 inches (10 cm) thick.

When building a house, wealthy people ask Mr. Feng Shui to look at the geographical location of the homestead and the auspicious day for building a house. If the North House is built this year, neither the East House nor the Westinghouse can be built. If the east wing is completed this year, the north wing will not be built. If you want to cover it, you have to "steal it", that is, when the red purlin is put, it should be put when the sun is not up. Generally, the red purlin is the second purlin from the front. On the purlin, "Good luck" or "Jiang Taigong is here, the gods abdicate" is written in red paper. Generally, the light should be turned on at noon and at the same time, indicating evil spirits.

When building a house, everyone with the same surname is busy. If the conditions for building a household are good, people can eat. If the conditions for building a household are poor, the helpers will go home for dinner.

The width of the house depends on the size of the foundation. If the North Building is built, it is three feet long from east to west, and the three rooms built are the standard, which is called the Big Three Gates. If it's not enough, it's called xiaosanfang. Generally, the crossbeam for a house is 1.35 feet (4.5 meters), and the crossbeam of a relatively wealthy household is also 1.5 feet (5 meters). Of course, the depth of the house is greater.

Generally, three rooms are built, and if it takes two generations, two walls will be broken. Traditionally, Higashionishi is small, so the old man lives in the East Suite, and his son lives in the West Suite, with the middle hall. If two generations can't break a wall, such a room is called one bright and one dark.

No matter the conditions are good or bad, ordinary people should build a doorway. If the doorway faces south, they can build the east wing and the west wing, or only the east wing without the west wing, but they can never build the west wing without the east wing. The pigsty is located in the southwest corner of the yard. If the doorway opens from east to west, the west wing can be built instead of the east wing, and the pigsty is located in the southeast corner of the yard. If the doorway is opened from west to east, build the east wing instead of the wing, and the pigsty is in the southwest corner.

Kang is built on the front wall of the north house along the window. Because there is no money to buy coal, it is burned out before going to bed at night. It is to make a hole in the side wall of the kang, put firewood on it when it is cold, and don't burn it when it is not cold.

After liberation, it was popular to make a coal fire underground in front of the kang and connect it with the kang. When a coal fire is lit in winter, the kang becomes hot.

Before liberation and when building houses in the early days of the founding of New China, a kiln was built on the shadow wall of the street corner to worship the land god. If some people have a scholar, there is no need to worship the earth god. It is said that scholars and landlords are equal. In addition to offering sacrifices to the earth god, people also offer sacrifices to the stove fire god.

/kloc-one or two walls became popular in the 1960 s, that is, horizontal bricklaying, also known as running bricks, and a blank wall was built in a brick wall. This kind of wall also has certain advantages, because it is thick, so it is warm in winter and cool in summer. Some people with better conditions have built three rooms into four beams and eight columns. The four beams are the beams of the front and rear walls and two broken gables. Eight pillars are a pillar in a corner after three rooms are disconnected. This kind of house is very strong, and the beams and columns are chiseled and riveted, which is a relatively earthquake-resistant house.

In the 1970s, the second and fourth walls became popular, that is, the walls were all made of bricks, and the thickness of the walls was 24 cm.

By 1985, some villagers in baifo village had built two-story single-sided buildings. There are three rooms up and down, the east-west length is10.5m, and the depth of the first floor is 6.5m.. Because the balcony on the second floor covers an area of 1.5 meters, and the depth of the second floor is 5 meters, most of the stairs are located outside the building near the east wall.

By 1990, people were dissatisfied with the single-sided two-story building, so some houses built double-sided buildings. The east-west length is still 10.5m planned by the village committee, but the depth has been developed from 6.5m to 10m or11m.. There is a corridor in the building. On both sides of the corridor are modular rooms, which are divided into living room, bedroom, kitchen, bathroom and toilet. Stairs are mostly located in the building, some in the middle of the building, and some at the edge of the building. Some pay attention to decoration, and also hang a large mural on the front wall of the living room, with a gorgeous chandelier and a wall lamp on the wall. A few households have terrazzo floors, floor tiles and carpets. It can really be said: upstairs and downstairs, lights and telephones, walls shining, every family is picturesque.