The Complete Translation of Chapter 15 of The Analects of Confucius

Creation year: Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period

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15 1? Ask Chen (1) about Confucius. Confucius said to him, "You can only taste and smell the story of cowpea.": Things in the army are not learned. " Go tomorrow.

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Wei Linggong asked Confucius about the method of army formation. Confucius replied: "I have heard of sacrificial ceremonies; I have never learned to fight with soldiers. " The next day, Confucius left Weiguo.

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15 2? In the old society, people were short of food and clothing, and they could not prosper if they were sick. Luz Kan (1) said, "Is the gentleman poor?" Confucius said, "Gentlemen are poor (2), while villains are poor and extravagant."

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(Confucius and his party) Chen was short of food, and all the people who followed him were hungry and sick. Lutz came to see Confucius unhappily and said, "Is there a time when a gentleman is too poor to do anything?" Confucius said, "Although a gentleman is poor, he still exists." The villain can do anything when he is poor. "

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15.3 Confucius said, "Here! Do women give people who know more to learn? " Right: "Of course, right or wrong?" "No," he said. Give consistently. "

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Confucius said, "Here! Do you think I have learned more before I remember them one by one? " Zi Gong replied, "Yes, isn't it?" Confucius said, "No .. I use a basic thing to finish them."

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15.4 Confucius said: "by! Those who know virtue are fresh. "

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Confucius said, "Yes! Too few people know morality. "

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Confucius said in 15.5: "Are people who govern by doing nothing (1) also tactful?" Husband (2) What is it? Gong Ji is in the south. "

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Confucius said, "Those who govern the world by doing nothing are only smooth."? What did he do? Just sitting solemnly on the throne of the court. "

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15.6 Zhang Ziwen Bank (1). Confucius said, "Loyalty and respect are acceptable, although it is a barbarian country." If you don't mean it, don't be respectful. Although in state (3), is it true? If you stand up, you will see your reference (4) in front. If you are on the balance (5), you will see your husband do so. "Shu Zhu Shen 6.

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Zhang Zi asked how to make himself feasible anywhere. Confucius said, "You must keep your word and respect your deeds, even in a wild place. Is it feasible to talk disloyalty and behave disrespectfully, even in your own country? Standing, it seems to see the words loyalty and respect appear in front of you, while sitting in the car, it seems to see these words engraved on the crossbar in front of the car axle, so that you can make yourself play a role everywhere. " Zhang Zi wrote these words on the big belt around his waist.

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15.7 Confucius said, "It's Shiyu (1)! State-owned roads, such as arrows; The country has no way, such as an arrow. Gentleman is discipline! If the country has a way, it will be an official; If the country has no way, it can be rolled up and pregnant. "

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Confucius said, "Shi Yu is really straight!" There is a state-owned road, and its words and deeds are as straight as arrows; The country has no way, and its words and deeds are as straight as arrows. Chi is really a gentleman! If the country has a way, it will come out to be an official. The country has no choice but to keep its own ideas in mind.

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15.8 Confucius said: "You can lose people without words; Don't speak in words, it slipped out. The knower does not lose people, nor does he lose words. "

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Confucius said: "If you can talk to him, but don't talk to him, you will lose a friend;" If you can't talk to him, but talk to him, you're putting your foot in your mouth. A wise man will neither lose friends nor put his foot in his mouth. "

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15.9 Confucius said, "The benevolent does not live, but dies."

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Confucius said: "A benevolent person is benevolent, and there is no fear of dying and damaging benevolence, only sacrificing his own life to make it perfect."

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15. 10 Zigong Wenwei people. Confucius said, "If a worker wants to do a good job, he must sharpen his tools first. Living in a country is also a saint and a doctor, and a benevolent person is a friend of the people. "

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Zi Gong asked how to practice benevolence. Confucius said, "If a worker wants to do a good job, he must sharpen his tools first. To live in this country, we must serve the sages among doctors and make friends with the benevolent among scholars. "

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15 1 1 Yan Yuan seeks the state. Confucius said, "Go to Xia Zhishi (1), take Yin Zhi (2), take Zhou Zhiming (3), and dance with music (4). Release (5) Zheng Sheng (6) and stay away from (7). Zheng Sheng is a prostitute and she is very dangerous (8). "

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Yan Yuan asked how to govern the country. Confucius said: "Using the calendar of Xia Dynasty, riding in the car of Yin Dynasty, wearing the hat of Zhou Dynasty, playing Shao music, forbidding Zheng music, alienating people who can speak eloquently, and Zheng music is extravagant, which is also harmful."

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15. 12 Confucius said, "If a man has no long-term worries, he will have near worries."

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Confucius said, "Without long-term consideration, people must have immediate worries."

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15 13 Confucius said, "enough! I have never seen such a good virtue as lewdness. "

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Confucius said, "That's it. I have never seen such a virtuous person as lewdness. "

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15. 14 Confucius said, "Zang Wenzhong and his thief (1) and! You don't have to stand up to know the sage of Liu Xiahui. "

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Confucius said, "Zang Wenzhong is a thief!" ! He knew that Liu Xiahui was a sage, but he didn't recommend him to be an official. "

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15 15 Confucius said, "If you bow to others but lightly blame them, you will stay away from complaining."

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Confucius said: "If you blame yourself more and others less, you can avoid others' resentment. "

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15. 16 Confucius said, "If you don't say' If so (1), if so', my last (2) will be like this."

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Confucius said, "I don't know how to treat people who never say' what to do, what to do'."

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15 17 Confucius said: "It is difficult to be kind and wise to live in groups all day long!"

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Confucius said, "It is really difficult to teach those who get together all day and are good at showing off their cleverness."

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15. 18 Confucius said: "a gentleman's righteousness is quality, and courtesy is what he says, and sun Yan is what he says, and faith is what he does." Gentleman! "

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Confucius said: "A gentleman is a gentleman who is based on righteousness, executed by courtesy, expressed in modest language and completed with a loyal attitude."

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15. 19 Confucius said, "a gentleman is sick and incompetent, and he doesn't know it."

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Confucius said, "A gentleman is afraid that he is incompetent and that others will not understand him."

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15.20 Confucius said: "A gentleman is ill and has no life (1) and his name is not worthy of the name."

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Confucius said, "A gentleman is worried that his name will not be praised after his death."

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15.2 1 Confucius said, "A gentleman seeks for himself, while a villain seeks for others."

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Confucius said, "A gentleman wants to follow himself, while a villain wants to follow others."

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15.22 Confucius said: "A gentleman regrets (1) and does not fight, and the group does not belong to the party."

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Confucius said, "A gentleman is solemn and does not argue with others, and he does not form a party for personal gain."

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15.23 Confucius said: "A gentleman does not attract people with words, nor does he waste words with others."

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Confucius said, "A gentleman doesn't recommend people by words, nor does he choose to speak well."

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15.24 zi gong asked: "who can walk all his life in one sentence?" Confucius said, "I forgive you! Don't do to others what you don't want. "

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Zi Gong asked Confucius, "Is there a sentence that can be pursued for life?" Confucius replied: "This is forgiveness! Don't impose what you don't want on others. "

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15.25 Confucius said, "If I am in love with others, who will ruin my reputation?" If you are famous, you have to try. Simin also, the reason why three generations go straight is also. "

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Confucius said, "Who have I slandered for others? Who have you praised? If there is praise, it must be an exam. People in Xia, Shang and Zhou did this, so three generations can go straight. "

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15.26 Confucius said, "I still have a lack of history (1). People with horses borrowed people to ride (2), and now my husband is dead."

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Confucius said, "I can still see the doubts in the history books. People who have horses (who can't train by themselves) give them to others first. This spirit is gone today. "

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15.27 Confucius said: "Clever words confuse morality. If you can't bear it, make a great plan. "

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Confucius said: "rhetoric corrupts people's virtue. If you don't endure small things, you will ruin big things."

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15.28 Confucius said: "If people are evil, they must observe it; If everyone is good, they will be inspected. "

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Confucius said: "everyone hates him, so I must examine him;" Everyone likes him. I must go and see him. "

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15.29 Confucius said: "People can spread Taoism, but they cannot spread Taoism."

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Confucius said: "Man can carry forward Tao, not Tao can expand man's talents."

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15.30 Confucius said, "If you don't change, you will pass."

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Confucius said, "If you make a mistake and don't correct it, it is the true mistake."

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15.3 1 Confucius said, "I have never been without food for a day or sleep for a night. It's useless to think, it's better to learn. "

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Confucius said, "I used to eat all day and sleep all night. Think about it. As a result, there is no benefit at all. I might as well study. "

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15.32 Confucius said: "A gentleman seeks Tao without seeking food. Educated and graceful (1) in it; Learn, lu (2) is among them. A gentleman is not poor. "

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Confucius said, "A gentleman only seeks Tao, not food and clothing. Farming, often hungry; You can get paid to study. A gentleman is only worried about not being able to do things, not being poor. "

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15.33 Confucius said: "Knowing it (1), benevolence cannot keep it; Although you get it, you will lose it; Knowing it, benevolence can keep it, and not doing it will be disrespectful to the people. Knowing it, benevolence can keep it, Zhuang can reward it, and it is disrespectful. "

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Confucius said, "Wisdom can be gained, but benevolence cannot be kept. Even if you get it, you will lose it. " . Wisdom is enough to get it, and benevolence can keep it. If people don't have to govern it with a serious attitude, they will be disrespectful. Smart enough, benevolent can keep it and govern the people with a serious attitude, but it is not perfect to mobilize the people according to the requirements of etiquette. "

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15.34 Confucius said: "A gentleman can't be ignorant (1) and be greatly influenced (2), while a villain can't be greatly influenced and know."

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Confucius said: "A gentleman can't let them do those little things, but he can let them undertake great missions. Villains can't let them undertake major missions, but they can do those little things. "

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15.35 Confucius said: "Man is more benevolent than fire and water. Fire and water, I saw dance and death, but I didn't see dance and death. "

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Confucius said, "Man is more urgent to benevolence than to water." . I've only seen people jump into the fire and die, but I've never seen anyone die of benevolence and righteousness. "

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15.36 Confucius said, "Different people have different opinions, and different people have different opinions."

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Confucius said, "Even a teacher is not humble to benevolence."

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15.37 Confucius said, "A gentleman is faithful (1) and unforgivable (2)."

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Confucius said, "A gentleman sticks to the right path, but not to a small letter."

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15.38 Confucius said, "A gentleman, respect his affairs before eating them (1)."

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Confucius said, "For your own sake, you should do things seriously and put Dai Lou behind you."

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15.39 Confucius said, "teach without dividing."

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Confucius said: "Everyone can receive education, regardless of race."

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15.40 Confucius said: "Different Tao, no common goal."

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Confucius said, "If you have different opinions, don't negotiate."

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15.4 1 Confucius said, "words are enough."

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Confucius said, "Words can only express meaning."

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15.42 "See Shi Mian (1), which is also called" with Ji and Confucius ". And the seat, Confucius said: "The seat is also. "When everyone sat down, his son told him," One is in Sri Lanka, and the other is in Sri Lanka. " When the teacher came out, Zhang Zi asked, "Is there any way to talk to the teacher?" Confucius said, "Of course, solid phase (2) is also a teacher's way. "

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The musician came to see Confucius and walked to the edge of the steps. Confucius said, "Step here." Going to the table, Confucius said, "This is the table." After everyone sat down, Confucius told him, "So-and-so is here and so-and-so is here." After Shi Mian left, Zhang Zi asked Confucius, "Is this the way to talk to musicians?" Confucius said, "This is also a way to help musicians."

Extended data

The Analects of Confucius is one of the classic works of Confucianism and a collection of recorded essays, which mainly records the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples in the form of quotations and dialogues, and embodies Confucius' political, aesthetic, moral and utilitarian values. The Analects of Confucius covers politics, education, literature, philosophy and ways of living.

As early as the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, when Confucius set up an altar to give lectures, its main contents were initially established; After the death of Confucius, his disciples and re-disciples passed on his remarks from generation to generation, and gradually recorded the words and deeds of these oral quotations, so it was called "On"; The Analects of Confucius mainly records the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples, so it is called "language".

In the Qing Dynasty, Zhao Yi explained: "The speaker, the sage's language, the commentator, and the Confucian discussion." In fact, "Shang" means compiling. The Analects of Confucius refers to recording the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples and compiling them into books. The Analects of Confucius consists of 20 articles and 492 chapters, of which 444 chapters record what Confucius and his disciples talked about in time, and 48 chapters record what Confucius and his disciples talked about each other.

As a Confucian classic, The Analects is profound and all-encompassing, and its thoughts mainly include three independent and closely dependent categories: ethics-benevolence, social and political category-courtesy, and cognitive methodology category-the mean.

Benevolence, first of all, is the true state in people's hearts. The final compromise must be kindness, and this true and kind state is "benevolence". Confucius established the category of benevolence, and then expounded that courtesy is a reasonable social relationship and a norm to treat people and things, and then expounded the methodological principle of the "golden mean" system. "Benevolence" is the ideological core of The Analects.

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