What are the traditional folk customs in Fuzhou?

Rongcheng, who has an indissoluble bond with the chicken, is smelling the chicken dancing to welcome the arrival of the Year of the Rooster.

It is true that Fuzhou people have a deep relationship with chickens. Fuzhou people have some common sayings, such as "Wake up when you smell the chicken, get up three times and get to work (Sunday)", "Chickens get sick when they don't eat rice", "Don't beg for food", "Don't pay attention when they don't have rice in their hands" and "You can't fight if the chicken horn is too big". During the changes of the times, the ancestors of Fuzhou did not forget to leave the names of places, temples and mountains to future generations, such as Ji Jiao Lane, Jim Temple and Jinji Mountain. Now it's the Year of the Rooster, and people are still defending mother hen, saying that "mother hen is fine" is wrong. Hen's mother is scraping dung for survival, foraging for chicks, hardworking and great maternal love. How can you say she's okay?

Chicken is not homophonic with "Ji" in Putonghua, but it is an auspicious animal in Fuzhou folk customs. Because chicken is homophonic with "Ji" in Fuzhou dialect. All happy events are expected to be held continuously. Therefore, after men and women get married, the man will give "chicken noodles": a big cock and a big bag of noodles. The woman received "chicken noodles" and set off firecrackers to announce the wedding event. When a married daughter pays a New Year call to her parents, in addition to a big rice cake and a pig's trotters, she will also send a big cock with red hair.

Especially in an alley on Longping Road in Taijiang, there is a folk custom of putting "chicken horn sugar dumplings" on Lantern Festival every year. It is said that this custom was formed when Changle people moved here in the early years to worship the real people in the Lane Real People Temple. On the fifteenth day of the first month, every household in the alley cooked a big candy (rice cake), killed a big rooster, made a specimen and stood on the candy. After confessing in the real temple, it was carried to the alley for visitors to visit and comment. This unique custom of eating chicken has been circulating for a long time.

Some people say that the Year of the Rooster is not good, which is groundless. 198 1 is the year of the rooster, the third year of reform and opening up, and the country is thriving. 1993 is also the Year of the Rooster. At that time, various national undertakings were in full swing, and people's lives gradually improved. Nowadays, in Bamin, both inside and outside Rongcheng, people are singing, holding their heads high, welcoming the golden rooster and offering auspicious gifts. (Fang Binggui)

2005/2/3/7383420.htm

===========================================

Sacrificial furnace and ceremony

Fool "Chef King" twice a year

"Today is the day of offering sacrifices to the kitchen. In my impression, it seems that Fuzhou people used to worship the stove twice, but now they can't see it. " A 60-year-old Mr. Liu said. In his memory, the day of offering sacrifices to stoves is not just the 24th day of the lunar calendar. Besides, there is a folk song that sings very well. "It's a pity that I'm too old to remember now."

The host consulted Fang Binggui, a folk expert in Fuzhou, and he told the host that in the tradition of Fuzhou people, the sacrificial furnace was indeed divided into two times. "Sacrificing the kitchen stove is to send the report of the kitchen god to every household. I want to entertain him with good things, but I am afraid that he will go to heaven. The smell of alcohol will upset the Jade Emperor, and he will get drunk and report it at random. So when I sent him to heaven, I only gave him vegetarian food such as fruits and vegetables. This is called a vegetarian sacrifice stove. This is on the 24 th and 23 rd of the lunar calendar, people will entertain the head of this family with good wine and good dishes, called the meat sacrifice stove. " Therefore, the stove sacrifice in Fuzhou is generally divided into two times, and this custom is very special throughout the country. Sugarcane and water chestnut are essential when offering sacrifices to stoves, which means "sweetness". After the sacrifice of the stove, sugar should be put on the door of the stove, which means to stick the mouth of the kitchen god and make him talk less, so as not to talk too much and lose too much.

In the past, when offering sacrifices to stoves, children would sing a nursery rhyme: "Offering sacrifices to stoves as unintentional sacrifices, a copper incense burner in front of the stoves, a gold ingot made of glutinous rice, golden trousers made of glutinous rice, a kind word from the kitchen god, a blessing from the kitchen god when he landed, a blessing from his father to earn money, a blessing from his milk to live a long and prosperous life, and a blessing from his brother and sister-in-law to read wisely."

==================================================

Fuzhou folk allusions

the Spring Festival; Chinese New Year

From the first day to the third day of the first lunar month, it was called "shoes" and "New Year's Day" in ancient times, and now it is called the Spring Festival. Fuzhou people call it "making the year", which is the most grand and longest festival in a year. At dawn, every household opens doors, burns incense and shoots guns to welcome the New Year. There are many taboos in this festival tradition. When you say the first sentence and do the first thing, you should pay attention to your good complexion in order to look forward to a safe year. At the beginning of the new year, everyone should say auspicious words such as "Congratulations on getting rich", "Getting rich" and "Peace" in the first sentence, and the other party will respond with corresponding good words. No sweeping, no fetching water, no fetching water, no chopping wood, no washing clothes, no bathing, no haircut and no unlucky words. When the whole family gets up, they put on new clothes or the best clothes. Breakfast, some eat peacefully (noodles, chicken, duck eggs) to wish peace and longevity; Some eat rice cakes (brown sugar cakes) to wish you a high promotion every year; Some old people are vegetarians and pray for the safety of their families for a year. On the first day of junior high school, seniors will pay New Year greetings to their elders, who will give them lucky money or candy oranges.

On the first day, people can visit relatives and friends and celebrate the New Year with each other on the second and third days. As Wu Jiyun, a poet in A Qing, said in "Zhi Zhu's Ci at the age of Fu Zhou": "The imperial clan is newly dressed, leading others, being courteous and joyful; I met * * * on the road and made a fortune. " This is the landscape of Xinzheng in ancient Fuzhou. Families with married daughters will hold spring wine and invite their daughters, son-in-law and grandchildren back to their parents' homes for a banquet. Water boatman (? Women, wearing red flowers, blue shirts, blue trousers and blue shoes, went ashore together and went door to door, singing poems in Fuzhou dialect: "Aunties all celebrate the New Year and hang red umbrella lights in front of the hall; Okay？ I am embarrassed to send my slave to the door of the gold plate enterprise (meaning standing). " "The old year has passed, the new year has passed, business is booming, and big money is made; Congratulations on getting rich and safe. Send slaves? Passed the door. " This is called "begging? Poetry ",this is a New Year greeting. What is the New Year's greeting? To show good luck. During the Spring Festival, the streets and alleys of Fuzhou are decorated with lanterns and colorful decorations, and the festive atmosphere is everywhere.

After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), party and government leaders at all levels used gifts to pay New Year greetings to families of martyrs, retired cadres and old model workers before or during festivals. All relevant departments organize Spring Festival garden parties, parties from all walks of life, literary evenings and other activities. Those superstitious old customs gradually disappeared. In the early 1990s, most families installed telephones, and relatives and friends exchanged New Year greetings by telephone, thus reducing the traffic congestion during holidays.

In the early morning of the fourth day, every household burned incense to "pick up the gods" to welcome the kitchen god back to see things. All walks of life have holidays, set off firecrackers, set up shops, factories and offices. After the 1990s, the study time was adjusted, and now it is the eighth day of work. Some service industries are still open during the Spring Festival.

the Lantern Festival

The fifteenth day of the first month is the Lantern Festival, also known as Shangyuan Festival. Fuzhou Lantern Festival began in Han Dynasty, and Song Dynasty was listed as the top grade of Kyoto Lantern Festival. The description of the Beijing Fuzhou Lantern Festival in Old Wulin is "white as jade, dazzling, like a jade pot clearing ice, refreshing." Orange lanterns, vegetable lanterns and lotus lanterns in Fuzhou. Unique in shape and bright in color, it is unique to Fuzhou's local life and attracts attention.

According to Wang Yingshan's Fujian da ji, Fuzhou "hangs lanterns along the door and enjoys them all night, which is called the lantern market." This custom also began in the Song Dynasty. At that time, every household was decorated with lanterns and decorated with doors, and red light was everywhere in Shili Deng Jie. State and county officials, every Lantern Festival, advocate big lanterns, "officials and people have fun together." During the Yuanfeng period of the Northern Song Dynasty (1078 ~ 1085), Liu Jin was the magistrate of Fuzhou. In order to appreciate these lanterns, he ordered ten lanterns to be donated door to door. Chen Lie, a poet in Langguan Lane, angrily hung a poem lamp on the Drum Tower: "One is rich in Yi Deng, and the other is a millet in Taicang;" The poor family is a lamp, and the father and son cry each other. Do you know romantic satrap? I still hate singing without good songs. "Since then, the government has stopped forcing people to donate lanterns. The time of Lantern Festival has also changed in the past dynasties: during the Tang and Song Dynasties, it was mostly from the 14th to 18th of the first month; The court in the Yuan Dynasty did not advocate large-scale lantern festivals; Thirteen to twenty-two in Ming Dynasty; The Qing Dynasty lasted from 13 to 17. There have been no rules since the Republic of China.

Fuzhou Lantern Festival is not only a wonderful lantern festival, but also an activity to show Aoshan Mountain for people to enjoy. "Spring Lantern is better than a hundred flowers, and Yuan Xi is full of flowers; Silver candles burn empty and beautiful scenery, and auspicious light shines out of the peak. " This poem depicts the magnificent scenery of Fujian Lantern Market and Aoshan in the past. The gate of the Lantern Festival is opened, and Aoshan faces outward. People from the suburbs go to the city to see it. It's very lively.

From the Spring Festival to the eve of Lantern Festival, Fuzhou has the folk custom of sending lanterns. For married daughters, the bride's family always sends a lamp, and "lamp" is homophonic with "ding", which means jiading. In the first year, send Guanyin to send children. In the second year, if there are no children or daughters, we will send "God-given" lamps and "sitting on a basin" lamps. In the third and fourth years, if there are no children, send an "orange" lamp to show "anxiety". After giving birth to a child, you can send a "champion riding" lamp and a "God-given Kirin" lamp until your nephew 16 years old. There is a folk nursery rhyme: "On the Lantern Festival in the first month, grandma loves her nephew (grandson), and red orange lanterns add happiness." It reflects the social fashion that grandma loves her grandson. Yang Rongcheng's late "Zhuzhici" says: "Children are blessed with happiness, and brides are full of sunshine. At night, I have to unload the gold hairpin and report it to my parents to send a lamp. " This poem depicts the grand occasion of sending lanterns at that time.

Lantern Festival Lantern Festival starts from the seventh day of the seventh month. Nanhou Street in Fuzhou and Taiwan Province in Nantai used to sell all kinds of paper lanterns. There are octagonal lights, ball lights and watermelon lights; Knife lantern, dragon grabbing pearl lantern, and later airplane lantern, warship lantern, etc. There are monkeys riding sheep lights, sheep riding cattle lights and champion riding lights on the ground; Palace lanterns and lanterns are hung in the hall. At that time, there was a poem saying, "Chinese lanterns became a market, and they were cut at a fine cost. A few samples were sent to the New Year to play, and the walls were bright and bright." Described the grand occasion of Fuzhou lamps market.

On the night of the Lantern Festival, some villages and towns will take lanterns to the streets to meet the gods in combination with meetings. In the procession to greet the gods, there are many folk cultural activities, such as dragon lantern dance, stilt dance, lion dance, underground table tennis and land boating. When someone in the family saw God crossing the border, they lit a lamp and fired a gun to pray for the safety of their family. Nowadays, the custom of sending lanterns is still popular among some elderly people.

Aojiujie

The 29th day of the first month is a unique traditional folk festival in Fuzhou. The "nine festivals" are also called "the last nine festivals" and "the filial piety festival". Early this morning, every household uses glutinous rice, brown sugar, peanuts, red dates, water chestnut, sesame seeds, longan and other raw materials to cook sweet porridge, which is called "lotus root wine porridge" to worship ancestors or give gifts to relatives and friends. Married daughters are also given a bowl of "Nine Porridges", and some even add too flat noodles, eggs, trotters and so on. And send them back to their parents to honor their parents. In addition, anyone who has reached the age of nine, such as nine, nineteen, twenty-nine, or multiples of nine, such as eighteen, twenty-seven and thirty-six, must eat a bowl of "Taiping" like a birthday to be safe and healthy.

"Ao Jiujie" comes from the legend of "Manglietia". It is said that there was a man named Mulian in ancient times. His mother was fierce before her death and was imprisoned in the underworld after her death. When he visited the prison, he often sent her food, but all of them were eaten by the guards. Later, he thought of a way to mix water chestnut, peanuts, red dates, longan, brown sugar and other raw materials with glutinous rice, cook it into sweet porridge, put it in a bowl, and sprinkle a handful of black sesame seeds to his mother. Seeing that the porridge was black, the jailer asked, "What is this?" Manglietia casually replied, "This is porridge." The guards think this porridge is unclean and dare not eat it. Therefore, Ou Jiuzhou was delivered to Mu Lian's mother. It happened to be the 29th day of the first month, and Manglietia's mother just turned 29 this year. According to folk custom, the first month is divided into "Sanjiu", the ninth day of the first month is called "Shangjiu", the 19th day is called "Zhongjiu", and the 29th day is called "Houjiu porridge". In the future, the color of porridge is black, which is called "Nine Porridge" to show filial piety to mother, also called "Nine Porridge". Whether it's the 29th or 29th of the first month, it's the day of Manglietia's mother's accident. Therefore, Fuzhou people taboo 9 th and think that "9" is a year of adversity. Therefore, anyone who meets the age of "nine" should eat a little more evenly, and a married daughter should give her parents a "nine" to ensure their safety and health.

Qingming Festival

Tomb-Sweeping Day is an important folk festival in Fuzhou. Tomb-Sweeping Day is15th day after the vernal equinox every year. On or around the same day in Tomb-Sweeping Day, every family went for an outing in the suburbs and went up the mountain to worship their ancestors and sweep their graves. Grave-sweeping is also called paper pressing, which means weeding the cemetery and putting money paper in front of the grave to show that future generations have come to sweep the grave. If you bring an offering, it is also very simple. In Tomb-Sweeping Day, Fuzhou will have some unique offerings, such as cakes, tofu and spinach buns, also known as Qingming buns. They are made of spinach (a kind of wild vegetable grown in the south, which is edible, sweet and cool, and mashed into turquoise juice), squeezed into juice, infiltrated into rice pulp and kneaded into steamed buns to make dates. Before and after Tomb-Sweeping Day, restaurants in Fuzhou were all made for sale. Most of the rich people's houses are built by themselves, but they don't need manual modeling. Instead, they used wooden impressions engraved with the number of the clan hall. Printed pineapples are particularly beautiful and distributed to friends and family as gifts.

When you come back from sweeping the grave, you should break a pine branch or wicker and insert it in front of your house, indicating that your family sacrificed the tomb for the ancestors.

Dragon Boat Festival

Dragon Boat Festival, commonly known as the Five-Day Festival and the May Festival in Fuzhou. Because the family dinner of the festival is at noon, it is called Dragon Boat Festival. Legend has it that it is a festival in memory of the patriotic poet Qu Yuan.

From the first day of the Dragon Boat Festival, everyone cleaned up and hung flowers in front of the door to ward off evil spirits and disinfect. Eat zongzi, wrap your wallet, drink realgar wine and burn realgar wine during the Dragon Boat Festival. The children put on new clothes, hung sachets, tied red Chinese-style chest covers and painted their mouths and noses with realgar. It is said that they can avoid sores and drive away snakes and scorpions.

After the holiday meal, the family took their children to Fuzhou West Lake, Nantai Wanshou Bridge and Minjiang River to watch the dragon boat race. Some boats are painted as fish, while others are painted as shrimp, all of which are aquarium symbols. There are dragon boats from the first day to the fifth day, but there will be a competition for the championship in the afternoon of the fifth day, and the audience is like a tide.

Today, the excellent traditional customs of the Dragon Boat Festival are still inherited, such as cleaning up and carrying out summer health campaigns. Dragon boat race is a part of water sports, and activities are organized every year. Fuzhou Dragon Boat also participated in the International Dragon Boat Competition and won the honor.

Qixi Festival

On the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, Fuzhou is called Qiaoqi Festival, also known as in-laws Festival. Tanabata in July is the time when the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl meet at the Magpie Bridge in myth.

On Tanabata, when women use seven words as a symbol of intelligence, they will show seven plates of melons and fruits, seven cups, seven incense sticks, seven needles and seven colors of silk thread. First, they saluted Vega seven times, and then sat cross-legged. Through the hazy moonlight, they compete to thread the needle, and whoever wears it quickly and attracts more people is the most skilled. Song Liang Kejia's "Three Mountains" contains: "How much do you know about colorful buildings? Until the end of the leak. " This custom is mostly done by government officials and rich wives. People are engaged in the activities of separating beans and becoming attached to them. Every household cooks broad beans and gives gifts to each other, chewing beans and chatting, so as to bury the hatchet and promote family harmony, affectionate relatives and friends, and harmonious neighborhood. Children learn to share beans, make friends and make up, which is full of childlike interest.

Ghosts'Festival

The fifteenth day of the seventh lunar month, commonly known as "July and a half" and "left half". Mid-Autumn Festival can be held every day in July. Legend has it that Manglietia invited ten monks to hold a magnolia party in order to alleviate her mother's sin, so that Purdue could give birth to her mother.

On the Mid-Autumn Festival, every family has a family reunion. In addition to general offerings, paper clothes must be burned for ancestors and ghosts to enjoy in the underworld.

The Mid-Autumn Festival is just after the early rice harvest in rural areas, and people use their slack time to sacrifice fields to celebrate the bumper harvest. Therefore, the suburban counties of Fuzhou still retain the custom of "July and a half months" (meaning after half a year), but the time varies from village to village, and it is often done by turns after each village finishes. When doing "Half Taiwan", every family will entertain many relatives and friends. Some villages invite theatrical troupes to perform, comment and sing to show the joy of harvest.

Mid-Autumn Festival

August 15 is the Mid-Autumn Festival, commonly known as the Reunion Festival.

There is a saying about the origin of eating moon cakes in the Mid-Autumn Festival: At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, in order to consolidate their rule, Mongolian aristocratic rulers banned the use of iron knives by the people and stipulated that ten households shared a kitchen knife. Rulers do evil, and the people hate it. Gaoyou Zhang Shicheng was secretly connected in series, and a small note of uprising was put in the moon cake. On the night of Mid-Autumn Festival, every family broke moon cakes, saw leaflets, grabbed kitchen knives and held an uprising against the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty. Since then, every Mid-Autumn Festival, people will eat moon cakes to commemorate this festival of people's struggle.

On the Mid-Autumn Festival, Fuzhou people prepare offerings and burn paper clothes to worship their ancestors. Dinner in the evening, family reunion, drinking and enjoying the moon. On this festival, there is also the custom of respecting the old and loving the young. The younger generation presents big moon cakes (that is, gift cakes) to the elders, and the elders present small moon cakes to the younger generation to express their good wishes to each other during the festival. The custom of Mid-Autumn Festival, according to the records of Tongzhi Customs in Fujian, is slightly different in different parts of Fujian. Fuzhou "Mid-Autumn women climb Wushi Mountain to burn incense and light towers at night, which means that women walk arm in arm at night, which is called" doing all kinds of diseases "; Yongtai county "Mid-Autumn moon, gentlemen wish kuixing"; Minqing County "makes moon cakes in Mid-Autumn Festival, enjoys the moon with wine, eats chestnuts and taro, and prepares the boy?" "Hey, build a tower with tiles, and say goodbye to each other." "Changle County Records" records that "no one is in charge of the Mid-Autumn Festival, and everyone just drinks."

The Mid-Autumn Festival "swinging the tower" is a great pleasure of the festival. Farmers' children pick up tiles, build tile towers and burn firewood at night to entertain the moon with poetry. City people buy clay or ceramic figures, including The Journey to the West, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Water Margin and other historical figures. Candlesticks, vases and incense burners are all displayed for people to watch. Some wealthy families set up "towers" in the hall, ranging from three-story tables to ten-story tables. The top floor is a mud tower or iron tower, and the bottom floor is a pair of seedling pots, showing a bumper harvest. The middle floors are lined with celebrities and opera figures of past dynasties, and the whole courtyard is brightly lit, adding a festive atmosphere.

/Showlfz.asp？ ID=35 1