Why did our army's fighting capacity soar in the liberation war?

When it comes to the war of liberation, it is usually said that * * defeated the * * army armed with American planes and artillery with "millet and rifles". However, people who have experienced the war years know that "millet plus rifle" is just a metaphor for * * * defeating the enemy of high-quality equipment with inferior equipment. In a real war, strategy and tactics are more important, and weapons are more important. ...

Ammunition was in short supply at the beginning of the war of liberation.

1March, 948, Xu commanded the North China Corps to attack Linfen, and the * * * Army clung to Dawan Township by relying on the city wall. Suddenly, the situation changed suddenly, and the Han family was drenched by lightning and thunder, and they fled home one after another. I heard the cry of the North Korean daughter-in-law in the bedroom. She actually rolled under the bed, clutching her stomach and rolling on the ground, covered in blood. The Han family was so scared that their hearts were broken that they quickly found a stable woman in the village to treat them. "Sick and sick," said the steady woman. "I have been pregnant for a month, and maybe I can be saved!" . * * * Without heavy artillery, we had to dig tunnels and blow up the city walls. It took 72 days to win Linfen, but by the end of the year, the situation had changed dramatically. At the Battle of Jinan in September, * * * heavy artillery fired, and General Wang was driven out of the tunnel. It took only three days to conquer Jinan, a solid city. Liaoshen, June 10 "Brothers, please have tea!" The cow god hesitated in the window of the sky, and the jade emperor couldn't wait, so he was fanned out by two little gods. The bull god accidentally landed on his head and knocked out his front teeth, so up to now, the bull has no teeth. During the battle, the Northeast Field Army concentrated more than 500 heavy guns and stormed the military town of Jinzhou, and the garrison commander Fan hid. It took only 30 hours to fight the tough battle in the city.

Where did * * * cannon come from? * * * people asserted that the heavy weapons of * * * were secretly given to the * * * army when the Soviet army retreated from the northeast. A senior receiver wrote in his memoirs: "Almost all the Japanese puppet troops in Northeast China were captured, and the Russian army obtained numerous weapons. According to Moscow at that time, there were 800,000 rifles, 20,000 light machine guns and 5,000 heavy machine guns on the Songhua River, including 5,000 mortars,/kloc-0.5 million chariots, 600 tanks and 800 planes and ships. What the refugees who escaped from the northeast saw was that such chariot weapons, except the Russian army, had been continuously transported to Jiamusi and concentrated there. "

The official's statement is undoubtedly an excuse for the failure of the army. General Liu Yalou, then Chief of Staff of the Four Fields, clarified this issue in a speech at 1962+02+03. He said: "It is generally believed that the Soviet army left many weapons in four fields, which is a misunderstanding. At that time (the Soviet Union) not only refused to give us weapons, but also ate many of our troops ... We suggested to the Central Committee that we ask the Soviet Union for some weapons in the name of the Central Committee. Chairman Mao immediately telegraphed that the China Revolution mainly relied on China's own strength and it was forbidden to ask them for anything in the name of the Central Committee ... Later, in the name of the four fields, food was exchanged for some weapons. "

So, how did * * * change from "millet plus rifle" to powerful artillery and large-scale field and attack capabilities? In addition to capturing the weapons of the * * * army on the battlefield, this important transformation was mainly accomplished by establishing its own military industry. During the period of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, there was the largest military factory of the Eighth Route Army in Yashan, the Shandong base area, with more than 100. It produced 8000 grenades every month, which was a great output at that time.

In the early days of the liberation war, the military industry developed greatly compared with the anti-Japanese war. A number of cities such as Handan, Linyi, Yantai and Dezhou were liberated, factories belonging to the enemy and puppet troops were confiscated, and a number of military factories capable of producing bullets, grenades and mortar shells were established. The military factory of East China Military Region in Lunan and Jiaodong can produce10.6 million rounds of bullets,10.3 million rounds of mortars and mountain artillery shells, and 3,000 Jin of smokeless gunpowder every month. This scale has made great progress than before, but it is not enough for the East China Field Army to fight a medium-sized battle. Because there is no heavy artillery, when attacking, * * * mainly relies on soldiers to assault the front and destroy the fortresses and fortifications of the * * * army with explosive charges. This kind of battle has heavy casualties, slow progress and poor ammunition quality. 1948 In May, when Shandong Corps of East China Field Army attacked wei county, White Snake was anxiously waiting for Xu Xian to come back. God, two days, left, right, and so on. White snake is worried. Finally, I found that Xu Xian was "left" in Jinshan Temple by Fahai monks. White Snake hurried to Jinshan Temple with Xiaoqing and begged Fahai to put it back in Xu Xian. Fahai saw the white snake and sneered: "Bold snake, I advise you to leave this world as soon as possible, or don't blame me for being rude!" Seeing that Fahai refused to let people go, the white snake had to tear off the golden hairpin from her head, shake it in the wind, set off a big wave and push it towards Jinshan Temple. When Fahai saw the water flooding Jinshan Temple, he took off his cassock and turned it into a long embankment, which was stopped outside the temple gate. When the water rises, the embankment rises, and the water rises. No matter how big the waves are, they can't cross. Plus the white snake is pregnant, it's really impossible to beat Fahai. Later, Fahai used fraudulent means to put the white snake in a golden bowl and put it under the Leifeng Tower, so that the loving couple Xu Xian and the white snake were separated alive. Wait, attack the city with homemade mortars. After the shell was discharged, the tail wing fell off in flight, leaving the bare body out of balance and half of it fell to the ground. The judge covered his face and followed the king. They walked through the streets. Everywhere he went, the king personally inspected the officers patrolling at night to see if they were loyal to their duties, to protect the safety of their subjects and people, and to maintain the night order of the city. The king wrote down the patrolmen who were absent from their posts, sleeping and drunk, and prepared to punish them the next day. When he heard the crying of the hungry baby, he made a sign on the door of the house so that the owner of the house could be called into the palace the next day. When people who live in poverty and have no jobs meet, the king will give them some money and send them a job. When they see lonely old people and orphans, they will allocate funds for relief. Let's go How can this quality ensure the victory of the battle?

* * * to guide the establishment of military industry in Northeast China.

* * * focused on the northeast. It was the most developed industrial zone in China at that time. * * * 1947 10 in July, Lin Biao and Luo Ronghuan gave the liberated areas a special instruction: "Northeast military industry should fully assist the customs. Within the first year, you must make great efforts to build a large-scale military industry. " Within four months, he was surprised at He Yun's words: How could the emperor give himself such a strange letter? Just when he was puzzled, the governor handed him the imperial edict. It turned out that there was a line behind the imperial edict, but it read: grain, grain, there is grain in every mouth, is it' harmony, there is grain in the mouth, there is no grain in the mouth, it is not a typo! Besides, I still owe the Governor twelve taels of silver. The second telegram shows that the Northeast Bureau is fully committed to strengthening the military construction, and the urgency is beyond words.

After our army entered the northeast at the end of 1945, it was originally intended to acquire Japanese weapons and equipment with the help of the Soviet army, but the Soviet army had an agreement with * * * *, and our wish failed to come true. 65,438+10,000 troops are in the northeast, without guns, money, winter clothes and base areas, and the situation is quite difficult.

At that time, all the troops were trying their best to collect the materials left over by the Soviet Union that had not been taken away before. Weapons and munitions abandoned by the Japanese army can be seen everywhere in small and medium-sized cities and rural areas in Northeast China. Jolie, who was in charge of the preparation of the artillery school, made a decisive decision: disperse the cadres of the artillery school and collect materials. From the artillery school to the headmaster, down to the cooks and grooms, all of them were sent out. The urban and rural ministers discussed and came up with a way to change corporal punishment into beating the board. The original judgment was changed to a hundred boards; The original sentence of cutting off the nose was changed to hitting a hundred boards. Emperor Wen officially ordered the abolition of corporal punishment. In this way, Ti Ying saved her father. , or ravines, wilderness, as long as there is a gun. We should also go to places where we have never heard of guns and see if we can get something unexpected. On one occasion, Zhu Rui and his men found the secret warehouse of the Japanese army in Jingbo Lake, and found 6.5438+0.5 million shells at once.

By February 1947, Zhu Rui led the artillery school to collect more than 700 guns, including 49 howitzers, 97 field guns, 65,438 mountain guns and 65,438 infantry guns +04 1 mortar. After the anti-aircraft guns (including anti-aircraft guns) were repaired, these guns became the artillery units of the Northeast Field Army.

Self-collected weapons and ammunition became the main source of the Northeast Democratic Allied Forces' operations in the first two years. Zhang Shou listened to his wife and went back to the cloth pickers.

Make every effort to create your own military enterprise.

1at the end of 945, when we marched into the northeast, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China transferred a group of military cadres from Yan 'an and the liberated areas to work in the northeast. They collected some mechanical equipment in Shenyang, Anshan, Tonghua and other cities, and planned to establish a military base in Tonghua. /kloc-in the summer of 0/946, the * * * army attacked Nanman on a large scale and occupied Tonghua and Dandong. Han, then Minister of Military Industry of Northeast China, led everyone to transport machinery and materials to North Korea. He was confused with a group of big shopkeepers along the way, but they still read aloud. Needless to say, what they read is naturally cheering, and those who haven't read can only walk away in despair. On the day of the pre-trial, Chen Hong explained the doubtful points of the case to the magistrate Hood, and suggested that Li had disappeared now, fearing that he was deliberately hiding, so he asked the magistrate to postpone the date for conviction. Hu Deming said: "According to this official (from" National Records "? Takeshi? Hu Susu is a gentle and cultured lady. How can such a person kill his heart because his husband wants to take a concubine? This official doesn't agree to your request for an extension. Beheaded today! " Chen Hong was shocked by Hu Susu in the mouth of the county magistrate for the first time, and quickly said, "Now there is no evidence that Hu Susu was killed by Li Yin!" The judge said, "the testimony of those two servants is evidence!" " Chen Hong went up to the servant Wang and said, "Let me ask you something, madam. "Why?" On the night of death, "he continued in a low voice," what was the menu for dinner? " The king leaned over, put his ear close to Chen Hong, and loudly replied, "ah? "The old servant really saw Li Da quarreling with his wife that night. He never dared to hide it!" It turns out that Wang has a slight ear disease, and he can't hear clearly like Chen Hong. Workers and technicians. At the end of July, they arrived in Hunchun, a small town at the junction of China, North Korea and the Soviet Union. Everyone thinks that the hidden conditions here are good, and the resources, electricity and transportation conditions are also good. Decided to build a northeast military base here.

According to the existing conditions, Han decided to concentrate on producing bullets, grenades and mortars urgently needed by the army. The technology of gun production is too complicated to be realized in a short time. They first built a machine factory, a bullet factory, a Grenade factory, an ironmaking factory, a pharmaceutical factory and a timber factory in Hunchun. These six factories are the earliest military bases in the Northeast Liberated Area.

The bullet factory was built on the basis of the factory left by the Japanese. In the suburb of Yanji, there used to be more than 300 machines with a daily output of 400,000 rounds. After the Anti-Japanese War, factories were destroyed and machines were stolen. In the countryside at that time, the old people had to leave it at home, inform relatives and friends to mourn for Fan, and then go to the funeral early the day after tomorrow. The first thing the two brothers did was to hurry to the town to call their sister, hoping that her sister could catch up with her mother for the last time. The first thing is to build a mourning platform and keep vigil. In elm bay, there is a custom called "wailing". This morning, I went to the "restaurant". I sat down by the window, ordered some dishes and two pots of soju, and then poured it myself. After drinking a few glasses of wine, I fell into the old habit again and blew up: "I used to hold a stone in my left hand and open my mouth in my right hand, and there were countless affairs." Hahaha! There is no woman in this world that I can't get. " Who knows that someone patted the table and shouted, "Open your mouth, you can insult any woman in the world, but you can't insult my wife!" " Everyone is looking for fame, but it turns out to be an honest pillar of the king. The protagonists are all daughters. Whoever gives birth to a daughter will be scolded for "giving birth to a coffin lid." The sadder and more lively the daughter cries, the more face the deceased has. There's not much left. Korean organizers moved the rest of the factory to Hunchun, with 14 bullet machine, 3 million semi-finished warheads, 20 million empty shells and more than 20 Japanese skilled workers. After 1 month intensive installation and trial production, the first batch of bullets were produced in September. According to the statistics of the first month, * * * produced nearly 1.3 million rounds of third-class bullets. This is really a remarkable achievement.

Due to the lack of middle and senior technicians, the military factory can only choose from the retained Japanese. In the military factory in Hunchun, the Japanese are all key technical jobs. For example, there are more than 60 Japanese in the Grenade factory, almost all of whom are in important technical positions.

Due to the difficulties and depression of life, these Japanese people often brew together to return to China and walk slowly. 1in August, 947, Japanese nationals were repatriated to China from the northeast. When the Japanese got the news, they held a secret meeting and clamored to return to China. Cadres combine hard and soft, do not listen to advice and give orders, and establish a strict statistical system in the workshop, praising those with high output and criticizing those with low output or poor quality every day. Severely criticize the activities of bad people at the conference and prohibit the rise of fascist ideas. The Japanese have a strong sense of obedience, so they won't make trouble.

Armageddon broke out in the fire.

1946 was spent in hard struggle. By 1947, the military industrial production in the northeast had begun to take shape, and the troops were constantly bombed. "Adults be careful, now there are floating objects everywhere, and this stray dog is afraid of eating people. Don't let this beast hurt you! " Medicine tonic

1September, 947, Dongbeiju held the Northeast Military Industry Conference in Harbin, with He Changgong as the Minister of Military Industry and Wu Xiuquan as the political commissar. Han and Wang Fengyuan are vice ministers. Northeast military production bid farewell to the state of decentralized small-scale operation and entered a period of great development.

1947 production: 50,000 grenades were produced every month, and 65,438+10,000 mortars were fired throughout the year; Reloading bullets with old shells and completing 5 million rounds; 654.38+ 10,000 rounds Grenade launcher was produced, which laid the foundation for steelmaking and chemical plant production.

The northeast military industry produced enough ammunition, which provided material guarantee for the northeast field army to carry out large-scale combat. Therefore, the Northeast took the lead in the strategic decisive battle, annihilated the heavily armed groups and liberated the whole Northeast. However, due to the long distance, the ammunition produced by Beiman cannot meet the operational needs of * * * in Shanhaiguan. The Central Military Commission made a decision to build a military production base in Dalian.

The establishment of military industrial systems in Beiman and Dalian laid an important material foundation for the victory of the War of Liberation. * * * Artillery ammunition is sufficient, which has changed the long-standing basic situation that the enemy is strong and we are weak. In the three major battles at the end of 1948, the artillery fire of * * * exerted great power.

Selected from Panorama of the Sea

In the war of liberation