What is the name of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty?

Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (Li Longji) was born in the year of Chui AD (685) and died in the first year of Baoying (762). After his death, he was named "Emperor Daming, the Great Sage of Taoism", so since the late Tang Dynasty, many people have called him "Emperor Xiaoming", "Emperor Huang Ming" and "Emperor Tang Ming". He is the great-grandson of Emperor Taizong and Li Shimin.

Li Longji was very clever when she was a child, and she was loved by her grandmother Wu Zetian. At the age of one and a half, he was made king of Chu. At the age of five, Wu Zetian abolished Tang Ruizong and became emperor herself. At the age of nine, his mother Dou Shi was secretly executed by Wu Zetian. In the first year of Shenlong (705), Wu Zetian was seriously ill, and ministers such as Zhang Jianzhi and Huan staged a coup, forcing Wu Zetian to pass on the throne.

After Tang Zhongzong ascended the throne, Wei Hou became the queen. Wei Hou is ambitious. She has always wanted to taste the taste of being an emperor like Wu Zetian. However, Zhongzong was a master of ignorance, and the regime was gradually in the hands of Wei Hou. However, Wei Hou doesn't have much talent. She colluded with her daughter Princess Anle and Wu Zetian's nephew Wu Sansi.

In 708, in the second year of Qianlong, Li Longji became a special bus driver in Luzhou (now Changzhi, Shanxi), actively recruiting talents to prepare for future coups. Soon he stopped driving in Luzhou and returned to Beijing. He was even the leader of the imperial army, secretly making friends with all kinds of people of insight, cultivating cronies and waiting for an opportunity to launch a coup.

In the fourth year of Jinglong (7 10), after Wei Hou poisoned Zhongzong, 16-year-old Li Zhongmao immediately proclaimed himself emperor and took real power. Li Longji took this opportunity to launch a coup, executed Wei Hou, Princess Anle and their henchmen, and forced Li Zhongmao to abdicate, and his father Li Dan to abdicate. Li Longji was crowned Crown Prince for his achievements.

Li Dan of Tang Ruizong has been restored, and her sister Princess Taiping has also made a lot of efforts. Because she is good at politics, her ability to discuss affairs even exceeds that of Zong Rui, and she gradually mastered the affairs of state. Four of the seven prime ministers were her confidants. In order to better consolidate her power, Princess Taiping conspired to abolish Prince Li Longji and set up a cowardly, honest and obedient man as the Prince. She arranged many eyes and ears around Li Longji. They were asked to monitor Li Longji's actions and report to her at any time. Princess Taiping knows everything Li Longji says and does. She also gossiped in front of Zong Rui and Li Dan to provoke their father-son relationship. Zong Rui, who had no opinion, had some doubts about the prince. At this time, it was said that there were urgent soldiers entering the palace within five days. When he summoned his ministers to discuss the matter, Zhang said, "Someone must be sowing dissension. If your majesty orders the prince to supervise the country, the rumors will naturally be broken. " Zong Rui thought this statement made sense, so on February 2nd, the second year of Jing Yun (7 1 1), he ordered the prince to supervise the country, and prince Li Longji acted as the emperor.

In the first year of Yanhe River (7 12), a comet appeared in the sky. Princess Taiping instructed her cronies to say to Zong Rui, "Judging from the changes in the astronomical phenomena, the Crown Prince will be born that day." This was originally intended to sow discord between Zong Rui and the prince, but it backfired. Zong Rui immediately decided to step aside and pass the throne to Li Longji.

After Li Longji acceded to the throne, Princess Taiping's power increased greatly, and they even prepared to send troops to attack the palace and execute Xuanzong. Faced with such a critical situation, Xuanzong immediately decided to strike first. On July 3rd, the second year of his birth (713), Xuanzong ordered soldiers to execute Princess Taiping's henchmen one after another and committed suicide for her, thus completely eliminating her inner danger. Later, Zong Rui also completely surrendered.

In order to consolidate the imperial power and prevent disasters from happening again, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty adopted Yao Chong's suggestion and demoted the coup hero to the prefecture and county secretariat, and the kings also attacked other States in succession; At the same time, the imperial army was reorganized, the leader Wang Maozhong was executed, the North Gate Fourth Army was formed, and the Dragonfly Imperial Army under the personal command of eunuch Gao Lishi was established to ensure the safety of the emperor. In the Kaiyuan period, Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty made great efforts to govern, with political clarity, economic prosperity, social stability, and people living and working in peace and contentment, which made another great governance period after the Zhenguan rule in the Tang Dynasty-Kaiyuan Shi Sheng. The achievements of Shi Sheng in Kaiyuan are closely related to the efforts of Xuanzong in the following aspects.

Redundant officials were eliminated and bureaucracy was corrected. In view of the large number of bureaucrats at that time and the high expenditure of the state treasury, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty cut down redundant officials and removed nine out of ten. On this basis, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty paid more attention to selecting some talented people to be officials, and appointed several prime ministers such as Yao Chong and Song. Han Xiu, Zhang Jiuling and others were outstanding talents at that time. Tang Xuanzong also attached great importance to the selection of local officials. In the fourth year of Kaiyuan (July16), he personally re-examined the county magistrate selected by the official department, dismissed more than 40 unqualified people, and investigated the responsibility of improper selection by the official department, which promoted the construction of official administration.

Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was brave in coachable, and he corrected his mistakes. Xuanzong once sent people to catch waterfowl in the south of the Yangtze River, and some people remonstrated that this would hinder farming. "Don't people who look at the road regard your majesty as a bitch and an expensive bird?" When Tang Xuanzong saw such sharp words, he not only didn't blame them, but rewarded them and immediately stopped catching waterfowl. Han Xiu's outspoken remonstrance is even more unique, so that every time Emperor Xuanzong made a slight mistake, he was afraid of being criticized by Han Xiu. On one occasion, Xuanzong was unhappy in front of the mirror, and someone provoked him: "Han Xiu often made wild comments, and your majesty was in a bad mood and lost a lot of people. Why not exile Han Xiu? " Tang Xuanzong sighed, "Although my appearance is very thin, the world will get fat. I use Han Xiu for the ears of the country, not for the body. " During the Kaiyuan period, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty also adopted the suggestion of Prime Minister Song Wangjing, restored the system of advising officials to discuss the country during the Zhenguan period, and encouraged advice. This not only realized the feelings of the lower class, but also prevented and corrected many mistakes of Xuanzong in Tang Dynasty.

Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty restrained extravagance and advocated frugality. In the second year of Kaiyuan (7 14), in order to show his determination to the ministers, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty ordered several piles of pearls, jade and splendid flowers stored in the inner palace to be burned in front of the palace, stipulating that concubines should not take pearls and jade, play with carving machines or weave splendid string ropes, and offenders would be punished with 100 sticks. He also sent home maids who were not needed in the palace.

Attach importance to the development of agricultural production. In order to increase the labor force, in the second year of the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (765,438+04), monks and nuns in various places were ordered to be destroyed, and more than 65,438+00,000 people were forced to return to the customs. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty also attached importance to water conservancy construction, improved the irrigation system in Guanzhong Plain, and removed the water nitrate that affected the waterway, which greatly benefited the people. In the third or fourth year of Kaiyuan, locust plagues occurred in Shandong, Henan and other places year after year. He urged all counties to do their best to eliminate locusts, thus reducing pests. He also reclaimed land in Hedong Road, Guannei Road and Henan Road, covering an area of 5 million mu, which solved the problem of food supply for the army. Due to the gradual destruction of the land equalization system at that time, the land merger and flight was serious. In the ninth year of the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (72 1), Yuwen Rong was sent to inspect the fleeing households and persuade farmers from other places. * * * Including more than 800,000 households, also known as Tian, the number of households controlled by the state has greatly increased, which is conducive to further developing agricultural production and increasing national fiscal and tax revenue.

In the prosperous era of Kaiyuan, social material culture was highly prosperous. Du Fu's poem "Memories of Time Past" praised: "Recalling the heyday of Kaiyuan in that year, there were still hundreds of small towns. Rice is fat and white, and public and private warehouses are rich. There are no tigers on the road in Kyushu, so it's a lucky day to travel far away ... "However, it didn't last long. From the late Kaiyuan period, Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty changed from Ming Dynasty to Qing Dynasty. Never mention thrift again. In the fourth year of Tianbao (745), Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty accepted Yang Yuhuan as the imperial concubine, and even entertained himself with debauchery. In order to satisfy Yang Guifei's extravagant demands, there were 700 weavers and hundreds of sculptors working in her yard. Not only for the imperial concubine, but also for her precious homes such as sisters and brothers, which consumed a lot of state property.

In the late Xuanzong period of Tang Dynasty, the political power was handed over to Li, Yang and others. Li is secretive about talents, jealous of talents, and tries his best to eliminate talented officials to prevent them from surpassing themselves in the future. After Li's death, Yang became prime minister. Yang is the younger brother of Yang Guifei, and he has more courage to do bad things than Li. Under the long-term rule of the treacherous court official, the national politics was dark and the economy was depressed, and the Tang Dynasty faced a profound crisis.

In the 14th year of Tianbao (755), An Lushan, who served as my envoy in Pinglu (governing Yingzhou, now northwest of Jinzhou, Liaoning Province), Fanyang (governing Youzhou, now Beijing) and Hedong (governing Taiyuan House, now Taiyuan, Shanxi Province), led the army to launch a rebellion in Fanyang after years of preparation. Under the banner of punishing the traitor Yang, they secretly ordered the south and quickly captured it. At Ant Post (now Pingxi, Shaanxi Province), the accompanying soldiers mutinied and killed Yang, forcing Xuanzong to hang Yang Guifei. Finally, Xuanzong fled to Chengdu to take refuge, and Prince Hengli fled to Shuofang (now southwest of Lingzhou, Ningxia), that is, the throne, for the sake of Su Zong. Xuanzong abdicated as emperor.

In the second year from Tang Suzong to Germany (757), after Tang Jun successively recovered Chang 'an and Luoyang, Tang Xuanzong returned to Chang 'an from Chengdu. In the first year of Shangyuan (760), with the support of Li, Li led his troops to be imprisoned in the West Ganlu Hall. On the fifth day of April in the first year of Baoxing (762), Tang Xuanzong died at the age of 78.