What are the main characteristics of China's petroleum industry?

The characteristics of China's petroleum industry are mainly manifested in the following seven aspects:

1. There are many kinds of petroleum processing products with uncoordinated proportions.

In China's petroleum processing industry, there are many kinds of products, but the capacity or output ratio is very different. According to the capacity structure of 2010/201China's vegetable oil pressing industry, soybean pressing capacity accounts for about 63.8% of the total capacity of China's oil industry, rapeseed pressing capacity accounts for about 10.05%, followed by peanuts and sunflower seeds. Soybean oil accounted for 52.74%, rapeseed oil accounted for 26.49%, peanut oil accounted for 1 1.82%, followed by cottonseed oil and sunflower oil, and the proportion of each variety in the whole oil industry was very uncoordinated. It can be said that soybean crushing accounts for half of China's oil processing industry. Therefore, by analyzing the main characteristics of soybean crushing industry and soybean oil market, we can understand the general outline of the whole oil processing industry in China. In 2009/20 10, China's soybean oil output was 8.7 million tons, accounting for 22.5% of the world's total output. It is estimated that the soybean oil production in China is expected to surpass that in the United States at 20 10/20 165438.

2. The development of petroleum processing industry is mainly driven by economic growth.

With the continuous expansion of population base and the gradual improvement of people's living standards, the consumption of oil is also increasing. First of all, the income effect brought by the substantial increase in national income has increased the total demand for oil consumption; Secondly, the urbanization process makes the rural population transfer to cities, and the living habits and lifestyles also begin to change to cities, which also leads to the increase of vegetable oil consumption. China has a large population, and the per capita consumption of vegetable oil is much lower than that of developed countries, so it has great consumption potential. Soybean oil production will continue to rise in the next few years. In addition, economic growth will promote the consumption of livestock products, and the demand for soybean meal in aquaculture will indirectly promote the increase of soybean oil production.

3. The processing capacity of soybean oil has expanded rapidly.

China is the fastest growing country in soybean oil production in the world. In the past 10 years, the average annual growth rate of soybean oil production was 12%, much higher than other countries. It is estimated that the national soybean crushing capacity will reach10.02 million tons in 201year. From the annual growth rate of crushing capacity, it can be seen that the national crushing capacity slowed down once after 2004, but then increased year by year, and the annual growth rate of 20 10 decreased slightly, but the growth level of 20 1 1 year was close to the high level in 2004 again. Nevertheless, in 2009/20 10, the total supply of soybean oil in China was106,000 tons, of which the soybean oil produced by domestic soybeans was about 720,000 tons, the soybean oil produced by imported soybeans or directly imported was about 9.88 million tons, and the external dependence of soybean oil supply exceeded 93%.

4. The petroleum processing industry presents regional cluster effect.

The soybean production in China ranks fourth in the world, and the producing areas are mainly concentrated in Songliao Plain in Northeast China, Huanghuai Plain in North China and Shanshan area. Northeast soybean is the largest soybean production base in China, with good quality, large grain size and high oil content. The total annual output accounts for 40% of the country, and the commodity rate ranks first in the country. Huanghuai Plain is the second largest soybean producing area in China, accounting for 30% of the national output. In addition to self-marketing and export, China's soybeans are also imported from the United States and South America.

If we divide the oil processing industry by region, we will find that Shandong has a huge production capacity, accounting for about 20.07% of the national total production capacity, followed by Jiangsu 15.97%, and Guangdong, Heilongjiang, Guangxi and Liaoning are1.95%, 9.94%, 8.7% and 7.54 respectively. According to the situation of each province, we divide the national soybean oil crushing industry into five crushing circles, in which the northeast region accounts for about 15.3% of the national production capacity and the Bohai Rim region accounts for 33.6%. This area is mainly Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan and Shandong, with the highest proportion, followed by Jiangsu and Zhejiang in the Yangtze River Delta, accounting for more than 20%, and South China, represented by the Pearl River Delta economic circle, accounts for about 24.8%.

5. The crushing industry is characterized by "foreign capital, state-owned enterprises and private enterprises".

At present, China's soybean crushing industry is in a three-legged situation, basically forming a market pattern of "foreign capital leading, large state-owned enterprises taking the second place, and private enterprises taking the second place". Among them, in 20 10, state-owned enterprises accounted for 30.34% of the whole industry, foreign capital accounted for about 37.24%, and private enterprises accounted for 32.42%; In 2008, the proportion of state-owned enterprises was 20%, that of foreign-funded enterprises was 37% and that of private enterprises was 43%. It can be seen that in the past two years, in terms of crushing capacity, the growth rate of state-owned enterprises is relatively fast.

From a regional perspective, the inland areas of Northeast China are dominated by large state-owned enterprises and private enterprises, such as the Northeast soybean crushing circle represented by Heilongjiang Jiusan Oil Company, Jilin Deda Oil Company and Shenyang Jinshidou Company. The coastal areas are dominated by foreign investment, followed by large state-owned enterprises, supplemented by private enterprises, such as the soybean crushing circle around Bohai Sea represented by Dalian Nissin Company, Qinhuangdao Jinhai Oil Company, Hebei Huifu Oil Company, Jiusan Oil Company, Shandong Bohai Oil Company, Yantai Yihai Oil Company, Rizhao Bangji Sanwei Company and Huanghai Oil Company. Jiangsu and Zhejiang soybean press circles represented by Zhangjiagang Donghai Grain and Oil Company, Lianyungang Yihai Oil Company, Nantong Cargill Company and Ningbo Guangjin Oil Company, and South China soybean press circles represented by Quanzhou Fuhai Oil Company, Dongguan Cargill Company, Dongguan Zhonggu Company and Guangxi Dahai Oil Company; The northwest and central plains regions are dominated by foreign capital and private enterprises, such as inland soybean crushing rings represented by Sichuan Jinshi Oil Meal Company, Chongqing Xinfu Oil Company, Shaanxi Bang Qi Oil Company, Zhoukou Yihai Oil Company and Zhengzhou Sunshine Oil Company.

6. The trend of group management is obvious.

The domestic oil processing industry shows the trend of collectivization, and the concentration degree also increases with the expansion of production capacity. Large enterprise groups integrate industry resources through mergers and acquisitions. According to statistics, the top ten crushing groups in China have gathered about 70% crushing factories in the country, and the living space of smaller crushing enterprises is getting smaller and smaller. Take the expansion of hydraulic press of China Textile Group as an example. At present, the group's production capacity is about 25,000 tons/day, with an annual production capacity of 6,543.8+500,000 tons and an oil refining capacity of 2 million tons. Six enterprises of the group were acquired in 2009. The annual processing capacity of these six enterprises in the year before the merger was insufficient 1 10,000 tons. After the merger, large-scale production was realized and their total production capacity increased to 3 million tons.

7. Characteristics and business model of petroleum processing itself

First of all, the biggest feature of oil processing enterprises is strong liquidity. According to the calculation, for every 1 yuan invested in fixed assets, the liquidity support of 2 yuan money is needed. Secondly, at this stage, the oil processing industry is gradually developing in the direction of capital-intensive, and both procurement and infrastructure need a lot of money. Thirdly, almost all large enterprise groups are group-centered. The group is responsible for unified raw material procurement, unified hedging and unified product sales, and the factory is responsible for processing as a cost center.