Ancient invention of China

Wang Yusheng said that the greatest contribution of Chinese medicine to the world is its practical technology to prevent and treat diseases. Chinese medicine has established a complete medical system and has been serving the Chinese nation for thousands of years. After the introduction of western medicine, it will link the past with the future, keep pace with the times, bring forth the new and carry forward. It is not only trusted by the majority of patients at home, but also developing day by day abroad. Nowadays, there are Chinese medicine in places where there are Chinese in the world, and foreigners are increasingly advocating Chinese medicine. Traditional Chinese medicine deserves to be the first of the four new inventions.

Decimal numerical system

China is an ancient country of mathematics, and Nine Chapters of Arithmetic and Nine Chapters of Numerology handed down from ancient China are ancient mathematical masterpieces. In ancient times, countries in the world used to have many decimal values, such as ten, twelve, twenty, sixty, etc., and now the decimal numerical system is used uniformly. Wang Yusheng said that China was the first country in the world to adopt the decimal system, which played an extremely important role in the history of world mathematics. Among the Shang Dynasty Oracle Bone Inscriptions unearthed, there are already one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten and hundreds, thousands, and ten thousand words, with more than 20,000 words at the most, which records the number of body count, prisoners, cattle and sheep in the war. The decimal numerical system, which was later developed into decimal, was used for calculation and abacus calculation. It was a revolutionary invention of counting and calculation, and it is still in use today.

Equatorial coordinate system

China is also an ancient country in astronomy, and China is the first country in the world to record astronomical phenomena such as sunspots, Halley's comet and supernovae in writing. Wang Yusheng said that the equatorial coordinates used in ancient astronomical calculations in China have been adopted by modern astronomy, and China has become the first country in the world to adopt equatorial coordinates. When making astronomical calculations, ancient astronomers determined the coordinate system according to the equatorial plane of the earth's rotation and the ecliptic plane of its revolution. In ancient China, equatorial coordinates were used to study the motion of the sun, moon and five stars based on the equator. In the west, it is based on the coordinates of the zodiac, which is called the zodiac. These are two different coordinate systems. Modern astronomical research proves that the equatorial coordinate system is superior to the ecliptic coordinate system, and modern astronomy replaces the ecliptic coordinate system with the equatorial coordinate system.

Engraving printing

Movable type printing is one of the four great inventions in ancient China, and block printing is also China's great contribution to world culture. Pan Jixing, a famous historian of science and technology in China, confirmed that the Clean Diamond Sutra discovered in Gyeongju, South Korea was printed in Chang 'an, China, and there were earlier prints in China. Therefore, China has become a well-deserved pioneer of block printing in the world.

A Brief Introduction to China's Ancient Scientific and Technological Achievements (Including Four Great Inventions)

1, China ancient scientific and technological achievements-looking up at the mysterious celestial bodies in the sky (above), the distant starry sky has been the object of our ancestors' attention for thousands of years. What do full and short moons represent? Is there any regularity in the movement of the sun? How many stars are there in the sky and where are they located? Generations of paleoastronomers have made unremitting explorations and left countless discoveries. Astronomical phenomena such as meteorites and northern lights have long appeared in ancient myths. Shen Shi in the Warring States Period established the earliest catalog in the world, and Sima Qian, a historian in the Han Dynasty, wrote the Chronicles of the Celestial Officials, which is a summary of the astronomical observation records of the previous generation.

2, China ancient scientific and technological achievements-looking up to the sky (below) After the Han Dynasty, the ancient astronomical observation in China continued to develop. During the Jin Dynasty, Chen Zhuo established a brand-new system of star officials, which was recorded in Poems of the Mysterious Elephant. A stone star map handed down in Song Dynasty, and a rare supernova explosion was observed in A.D. 1054, which is of great significance to the development of modern astrophysics. There are abundant astronomical observation records and a large number of ancient astronomical talents, which makes China's ancient astronomical observation walk in the forefront of the world.

3. China's ancient scientific and technological achievements-the change of calendar In primitive society, people found that the change of astronomical phenomena and the alternation of seasons were regular. This law has become the most practical application of ancient astronomical observation, and the calendar was born under the dual needs of people's survival and aristocratic rule.

4. China's ancient scientific and technological achievements-astronomical observation tools In the process of observing astronomical phenomena, the ancients gave full play to the talent of making tools, such as standard watches, leaky pots, armillary sphere, armillary sphere, etc., each of which showed the glory of ancient astronomy in China, especially in the Song and Yuan Dynasties. The manufacturing level of astronomical observation instruments in China was at the world's leading level, but it is a pity that after the Yuan Dynasty, the manufacturing level of these instruments also stagnated. With the western invaders,

5. China's ancient scientific and technological achievements-earthquake archives China is a country with frequent earthquakes and the most abundant earthquake records. When we open the archives of ancient earthquakes, we will find that some wise people invented instruments for observing earthquakes in advance, some brave people were not afraid to record and analyze earthquakes in times of crisis, and many unknown historians recorded earthquake data for more than 2,000 years, so that we can analyze and study when the earth under our feet will lose its temper.

6. Scientific and Technological Achievements in Ancient China-The Vicissitudes of Shennong (I) In ancient times, people lived by fishing, hunting and collecting wild fruits. The emergence of agriculture has made mankind embark on the road of civilization. From then on, human beings began to settle down, farm and multiply. ...

7. China's ancient scientific and technological achievements-Shennong's vicissitudes of life (middle) ancient breeding technology ... even the emperor did it himself. How did creative ancestors … name crops? The distant course of agricultural development in China is the change of three meals a day.

8. China's ancient scientific and technological achievements-the vicissitudes of Shennong (Part II) Are these tools used by our ancestors ... agricultural tools? Or a weapon? Countless exquisite farm tools ... may have been invented by a very ordinary person. The appearance of ox plough ... liberated human productivity for the first time.

9. China's ancient scientific and technological achievements-the invention that changed the world: gunpowder (1) Ancient doctors used saltpeter and sulfur as medicine to treat diseases, and alchemists used it to refine the immortal elixir. By mistake, the alchemist was not refined, but the gunpowder was refined. The newly developed gunpowder is strictly confidential for various reasons, but there is no windtight wall in the world. Some people began to cheat with it, others brought it into the army, and a great invention was finally made public.

10, China's ancient scientific and technological achievements-the invention that changed the world: gunpowder (II) made the ancient "stone bag" develop into today's "cannon", and the cold weapons such as knives, guns and halberds were gradually replaced by various gunpowder weapons. On the right track, gunpowder began to be widely involved in military and civil affairs. At the same time, war and peaceful trade made it far away from home and March westward.

1 1, China ancient scientific and technological achievements-Dong Fangzhiguang: papermaking is a mess, a piece of rag and a piece of bark, but these wastes can be made into white paper. The invention of paper is the greatest creation of China people, which enables civilization to be passed down and knowledge to be spread. The development of paper has never stopped for thousands of years. An ordinary piece of paper is the crystallization of human wisdom.

12, China ancient scientific and technological achievements ┈ The Bronze Age is an era of disputes, the history of a bronze weapon, and the story behind a legend of a king. This science class will tell you. .....

13, China ancient scientific and technological achievements-spreading civilization: printing (1) printing is a process technology that changes the historical process. The first invention was block printing. However, there are different opinions about its origin. "Originated in the Sui Dynasty, born in the Tang Dynasty, wider than the Five Dynasties and better than the Song Dynasty" is the most accepted classic statement so far. The prosperity of Buddhism in Sui Dynasty promoted the emergence and initial development of block printing. In the Tang Dynasty, printing was not only used to print Buddhist scriptures, but also used to print books and calendars. In the five dynasties of war, printing did not stop, but further developed on the original basis.

14, ancient scientific and technological achievements in China-spreading civilization: printing (2) The Song Dynasty was a wonderful time for the development of printing, during which great movable type printing appeared, and cloth and silk Bi Sheng appeared forever in history; Yuan Dynasty is a transitional stage, but Wang Zhenfa's wheel typesetting is only one step away from machine printing. The bean seal of the Ming Dynasty has spread to this day and has become an art form with China characteristics. The maturity of printing has created many classic printing masterpieces in the Qing Dynasty.

15, China ancient scientific and technological achievements-the history of the compass (Part I) It is a well-known fact that the compass is one of the four great inventions in China, but who invented it? This movie will tell you a magical story about the compass.

16, China ancient scientific and technological achievements-the history of the compass (Part II) After the compass was introduced to the west, it greatly promoted the development of western navigation and directly promoted the ocean navigation of Da Gama and Columbus. Why did China, the first inventor of the compass, talk about the use of the compass in the superstitious activities of watching Feng Shui?

17, China's ancient scientific and technological achievements ┈ splendid ancient ships (1) At the end of the Qing Dynasty, westerners' armored warships opened the door to China's isolation. However, who knows that these western armored warships benefited from the invention and creation of our ancient ships!

18, China ancient scientific and technological achievements ┈ brilliant ancient ship (warship) is an important part of China ancient ship. The tall and majestic warships are daunting and have made great contributions to defending the country. But why did such a glorious shipbuilding history decline in modern times?

19, achievements of ancient science and technology in China —— It is interesting to talk about ancient bridges and their history, not to mention the ancient people in China were also named as "ancient bridge engineers". Based on the technical development of arch bridges, this program describes five ancient bridges in China.

Astronomy and:

Look at the stars (eclipses, comets, sunspots)

Remember the stars (the earliest)

Star measurement (monk Zhang Heng and his party in Guo Shoujing)

(1), Zhang Heng-look in all directions (Eastern Han Dynasty); (water camera; Seismograph).

(2) The monk and his client-Tang Priest (Tang Dynasty); One (meridian); Ok (zodiac patrol etiquette)

(3) Guo Shoujing-Guo Zixing (Yuan Dynasty); Cut (simple instrument); Keep ("timed calendar"

To (the included angle of Huangchi is accurate).

In mathematics, there are:

(1), Spring and Autumn Period: Plan 1999 Metrology.

Yuan dynasty: abacus (ballpoint pen).

(2) Shu Jing's Pythagorean string (theory) in the Western Han Dynasty;

Nine chapters on arithmetic in the Eastern Han Dynasty (exercises).

(3) Southern Dynasties: Zu Chongzhi-Monkey Sun.

Agronomy:

(1), Jia Sixie's Book of Qi Yao Min: Early Development of Agriculture in Northern China (Northern Dynasties);

(2) Agricultural Books: Wang Zhen in Yuan Dynasty; Production tools reform Atlas of Agricultural Tools.

(3) The Complete Book of Agricultural Administration: Xu Guangqi; (Ming dynasty);

medical

(1), Western Han Dynasty: (Emperor's Internal Classic)

(2) Eastern Han Dynasty: (Zhang Zhongjing; Hua tuo)

-medical sage Zhang Zhongjing: "Treatise on Febrile Diseases"; Practice the "four diagnoses".

-Living in China: hunchback-anesthesia-acupuncture-Wuqinxi.