What is the intention of climbing the mountain? What kind of atmosphere has been created?

Poet: Du Fu era: Tang Dynasty

The wind is fast and high, the ape cries sadly, and the birds are circling in the white sand.

The endless trees are rustling leaves, and the Yangtze River is rolling unpredictably.

Li in the sad autumn scenery, a wanderer all the year round, lives alone on the high platform in today's illness.

Bad luck frosted my temples, and I was down and out.

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The sky is high and the wind is urgent, and the ape's cry seems to contain infinite sorrow; White sands dot Jiangzhou, and birds hover over the water. Watching the boundless leaves rustling down, the endless waves of the Yangtze River rolled in. Wan Li left home and lamented that he had been wandering in a foreign land for many years, and Qiu Lai was even more sad; Old and sick, I climbed the platform alone in the cold autumn. Difficult to taste, the temples have already frosted; Down and out, I have to put down this cup of sorrow.

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This poem was written by Du Fu in Kuizhou in 767, the second year of Dali. The bleak autumn is vividly written by the poet, and the emotions aroused are even more touching. This is not only because of the natural autumn, but also because of the poet's strong emotional color for the autumn of life. Couplets are vivid, which is a famous sentence spread in later generations. The two 14-character sentences in the neck couplet contain multiple meanings and describe the hardships of life, which makes people feel strong sympathy.

This is a poem about climbing a mountain in Chongyang. In the first half of the poem, I wrote about what I saw and heard when I climbed the mountain. The second half wrote the feeling of climbing the mountain, lyrical. Through climbing the mountain, the whole poem tells the poet's complicated feelings of wandering, illness and loneliness for many years, with mixed feelings and myriad thoughts. The whole poem has eight sentences and four pairs, with emphasis on antithesis and rhyme. Among them, Julian's words became eternal quatrains.

The first four sentences of the poem describe the scenery that turns pale when you look up to the distance. The first couplet borrows six kinds of scenery, such as wind, sky, ape, bamboo, sand and bird, and matches them with the words of urgency, height, sadness, clearness, whiteness and flying, indicating the festival sequence and environment, rendering a strong autumn feeling, and the scenery has distinct characteristics of Kuizhou area. These two sentences are not only couplets of workers and workers, but also self-correction, such as "the sky is high" against "the wind is urgent" and "Sha Bai" against "Zhu Qing". Strict syntax and refined language have always been regarded as good sentences. Write mountains before couplets, bearing the first sentence; The last sentence is water, and the second sentence continues. Write the mountain as a distant view and the water as a bird's eye view. When falling from the wood, say "rustling" and decorate it with "boundless", such as smelling the bleak autumn wind and seeing the fallen leaves; When the Yangtze River says "rolling", it begins with the word "endless", like the sound of rolling waves and surging water. The two poems are extremely vivid and vivid, both in description form and description momentum. From the bleak scenery and profound artistic conception, we can observe the poet's hard-to-reward mood and sad mood. The last four sentences of the poem express the generosity of climbing. On the neckline, there is a worry about travel. Becoming a frequent visitor shows the poet's wandering situation for many years; "Wan Li" shows that Kuizhou is far from home, which is the depth of sadness from a distance; "Sad autumn" is another seasonal contrast of sadness. The word "autumn" was brought out only after the first two couplets were full of the meaning of autumn, which should conform to the season and climate of "rise". The next sentence is about loneliness. "One hundred years" is still a lifetime; "More than a hundred years of illness", full of diseases in his later years, the pain can be imagined; The word "independence" describes the loneliness of being unaccompanied; The word "on stage" is a clear point, and love is born from the scene. These two sentences have refined meanings and extremely rich meanings. They described being far away from home and wandering for a long time, but they were sick and unaccompanied in their later years, and they couldn't help climbing alone in autumn. William further wrote that the country was in peril, the official career was bumpy, and old age and sorrow led to white hair and beard; Because of illness, I am new to abstinence, so I can't get rid of all kinds of melancholy. As usual, the ancients drank alcohol when climbing the mountain on the Double Ninth Festival, but the poet even lost this joy. This couplet is divided into five or six sentences: "Difficult" is caused by "frequent visits"; "Down and out" is even the result of "many diseases". The first half of the poem describes the scenery, the second half is lyrical, and the writing style is different. The first couplet focuses on describing the specific scenery in front of us, just like the meticulous brushwork of a painter, showing the shape, sound, color and state one by one. The second couplet focuses on rendering the atmosphere of the whole autumn, just like the painter's freehand brushwork, which should only be vivid and easy to understand, so that readers can supplement it with imagination. Triple expression of feelings, from vertical (time) and horizontal (space) two aspects, from wandering to sick and disabled. Quadrupling the number of white hair, protecting illness and abstinence from alcohol can be summed up as the hardship of the times is the root of poverty. In this way, Du Fu's feelings when he was worried about the country and hurt the country jumped from the page.

All eight sentences in this poem are correct. At first glance, the beginning and the end seem to be "wrong", and the chest and abdomen seem to be "wrong". If you carefully understand, "every sentence is regular, and every sentence is regular." No wonder Hu Yinglin praised it as a "pioneering work". Yang Lun in Qing Dynasty praised this poem as "the first of Du Ji's seven-character poems" (Du Shi Jing Quan), and Hu Yinglin in Ming Dynasty even said this poem. ("Poetry")