When the sun is closest to the earth, why is the solstice a cold winter?

The distance between the sun and the earth is not directly related to the temperature, but more related to the angle between the sun and the earth.

During the winter solstice in the northern hemisphere, the sun shines directly into the southern hemisphere, and the angle of intersection between the sun and the northern hemisphere is the largest, and the irradiated area is the smallest, so the northern hemisphere is a cold winter.

Extended data:

The temperature of the earth is related to latitude, vertical height, time factors, surface materials, atmospheric circulation, ocean currents and crustal movement.

The lower the latitude of the earth, the larger the area irradiated by the sun, and the more heat absorbed by the surface, so the higher the temperature.

Every time the altitude rises 1000 meters, the temperature drops by 0.6 degrees Celsius, and every time the altitude rises1000 meters, the temperature drops by 6 degrees Celsius. So the higher the altitude, the lower the temperature.