How to say the classical Chinese in late autumn?

1. How do you say autumn in classical Chinese?

Jiang zhenkun

Sanqiu: In ancient times, people called July, August and September of autumn Qiu Meng, Mid-Autumn Festival and Qiu Ji respectively, and collectively called "Sanqiu", which means autumn. "Sanqiu" sometimes refers to the third month of autumn, that is, the ninth month of the lunar calendar. For example, in the Preface to Wang Tengting written by Wang Bo, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, there is a sentence of "It is September, and the preface belongs to Sanqiu".

Jiuqiu: The whole autumn is divided into ninety years, so the ancients sometimes used "Jiuqiu" to refer to autumn. For example, the poem "Seven Lives" by Zhang Xie, a poet in the Jin Dynasty, said: "Hey, the dew of three springs traces back to the sound of nine autumn."

Autumn or golden sky: According to the five elements (fire, water, wood, gold and earth), autumn belongs to gold, so it is called "autumn" or "golden sky". For example, there is a saying in the Song of Sacrificing Ministers on the Holy Day Sacrifice written by the poet Wang Wei in the Tang Dynasty: "Jin Lixi's three lights lead to Ba Huang", and Chen Ziang, another poet in the early Tang Dynasty, also wrote a sentence: "Jintian Fang was killed, which is characterized by a thousand years" ("Send works to Liang Dongzheng, Zuo Lang, Cui Rong and others in Damon").

Jin Su: The Selected Works of Zhaoming compiled by Xiao Tong, a writer in the Southern Liang Dynasty, is a collection of poems by Xie Lingyun, a landscape poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, which reads: "On July 16th, Yongming three years, Chengdu, a county." . Shan Li's note: "Gold element, autumn also. Autumn is golden and white, so it is called gold. "

Su Qiu or Su Festival: The ancients thought that the color of autumn was "white" among the five colors (blue, red, white, black and yellow), so it was called. Sometimes it refers to the Double Ninth Festival, and sometimes it refers to autumn. Ouyang Xiu, a great writer in the Song Dynasty, wrote a poem: "I came to Chu Yun in the summer, and the vegetarian festival has passed" ("Shui Gu sent Su Zimei at night").

Su Shang: According to the ancient "five elements", autumn is still white and belongs to the scale of "Shang" in the "five tones", so autumn is also called Su Shang. Ma Zuchang's poem "Autumn Night" in the Yuan Dynasty said: "Plain businessmen are sad and proud, and autumn colors are sung at the grassroots level."

Shangqiu: Because of the cold wind in late autumn, it is named after the "Shang" sound in the five tones (symphonic language of business and commerce). There is a saying in Penny's "An Pomegranate Fu" in the Jin Dynasty: "Give gas in the Shang and Autumn, and then collect it."

Qiu Jin: It refers to the cold autumn, named after the strong autumn wind. There is a saying in Lu Ji's "Wen Fu" in the Jin Dynasty: "Sad leaves fall in the golden autumn and joy in the fragrant spring." Taiqiu: Thailand is rich in products, indicating that Antai was auspicious at that time. "Guanzi Rolling the Ocean" has such a record: "Qiu, the people ordered it to stop and make it happen."

West foot: in ancient times, it refers to the area where the sun went west for seven nights. It was originally another name for Ansu in Twenty-eight Nights, and later it was also called autumn. For example, Sima Biao in the Jin Dynasty wrote a poem "Autumn in the West", and Luo, one of the four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty, also said in the poem "Political prisoners listen to cicadas": "The cicadas in the west are singing, and the guests in the south are thinking deeply."

Bai Zang: According to the five-color theory, autumn is white, and autumn is the season of harvest and storage, so it is called autumn. For example, Erya Shi Tian said, "Autumn is Bai Zang and winter is Xuan Ying."

Shuang Jie: It's so called because it's cool in autumn. Xie Muzhao, a poet in the Southern Dynasties, once wrote a sentence: "On a high autumn night, God lived in a quiet and deep place ...... with deep feelings, and his words praised the virtues", sometimes referring to the Double Ninth Festival. For example, there is a sentence in the poem "Double Ninth Festival, Chinese and foreign music, expressing ambition with poetry and showing people with officials" by the poet Shi Li in the Tang Dynasty: "Double Ninth Festival is in Double Ninth Festival."

2. How do you say the four seasons in ancient Chinese? Four seasons, December and twelve o'clock were common nicknames in ancient China.

Synonym list of four seasons

Spring: Yangchun, Qingyang, Sunshine, Yang Jie, Shu Jie, Shao Jie, Youth, Cangling, Sanchun and Jiuchun.

Summer: Zhu Ming, Zhu Xia, Xu Yan, Yan Jie, Yan Xia, Xia Qing, Zhulv, Changying, Three Gorges and Jiuxia.

Autumn: Sushang, Shang Gao, Jintian, Bai Zang, Sushang, Shang Jie, Xiaochang, Qi Chen, Sanqiu, Jiuqiu.

Winter: Far East, Far East, Xu Yuan, Dong Qing, Yan Jie, Chen Han, Yu Nian, Anning, Shandong and Jiudong.

Common nicknames of December in China lunar calendar

January

Zheng Yue, Xinzheng, Meng Chun, Shouchun, Shang Chun, Yin Mengchun, Shi Chun, Zaochun, Yuan Chun, January, New Year, Xinzheng, Zaochun, Duan Chun, Zhao Chun, Xianchun, Wang Chun, Hua Sui, Sui Sui, Zhao Sui, Kai Sui, Sui Sui Sui, Fang Sui, Chu Yue, Chu Yang and Chu Sui.

February

Such as Moon, Plum Moon, Plum Moon, Uzuki, Apricot Moon, John, Yue Ling, Jumping Moon, Grass Born Moon, Cloth Clocks, Bell, Mid-Spring, Zhongyang, Zhongheyue, Siyang Month, April, Mid-Spring, Wedding Month, Media Month, Dazhuang, Zhu Qiu and Huachao.

March

Late spring, late spring, Ji Chun, Manyue, late spring, Hunchun, Hunchun, Silkworm Moon, Flower Moon, Tongyue, Taoyue, Mi Yue, jiayue, Chen Yue, Daoyue, Sakura Bamboo Moon, Gu Xi, Taolang, Yufeng and Wuyue.

April

Lack of moon, lack of moon, sunny month, plum month, agricultural month, dry month, Mitsuki, fear of moon, cloud month, Huai month, wheat month, Zhu month, Yu month, early summer, early summer, early summer, early summer, bird feather month, flower waning moon, lovers, pure sun, pure dry, etc.

May

Summer, Super Summer, Summer, Liyue, Xingyue, Yiyang, Puyue, Lanyue, Busy, Noon, Poison, Evil, Orange, Missing, Blowing Music, Gao, Yan, Duanyang, Summer, Quail.

June

And the moon, lotus moon, Xia Yue, burning moon, Xia Yue, seasonal moon, non-moon, dusk summer, dusk summer, late summer, long summer, extreme summer, group summer, midsummer, forest bell and Jingyang.

July

Qiu Meng, Shouqiu, Shangqiu, Guaqiu, early autumn, new autumn, Zhao Qiu, Qiu Lan, Lanyue, Shen Yue, Qiao Yue, Guayue, Liang Yue, Xiangyue, Wen Yue, Qixi, Maiden Kazuki Watanabe musician, Wenpiyue, Daqing, Sanyinyue, Yize, Chushang, Mengshang, Guashi and Frost.

August

Mid-Autumn Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, Autumn Height, Orange Spring, Clear Autumn, Zhengqiu, Guiqiu, Autumn Moon, Zhuangyue, Gui Yue, Ye Yue, Autumn Moon, Unitary Moon, Moon Seeing Moon, Red Moon, Lu Nan, Shangzhong, Zheyue, Wild Goose Moon, Lv Zhong, April, Bimonthly, Clear Moon, and Bamboo Koharu.

September

Juyue, January, Qingyue, Odayue, Xuan Yue, Piyue, Guan Yue, Frosty Moon, Longyue, Quyue, Decadent Moon, Yongyue, Xuan Yue, Youjue Moon, Chrysanthemum Moon, Hongye Moon, Qiu Ji, Late Autumn, Chrysanthemum Autumn, Late Autumn, Residual Autumn, Cool Autumn and Plain Autumn.

October

Yangyue, Haiyue, Yue Ji, Liang Yue, Yangyue, Kunyue, Zhengyangyue, Xiaoyangchun, Koharu, Shen Yue, Picking Moon, Rainy Moon, Early Frost Moon, Ying Zhong, Early Winter, Mengdong, Last Winter, Kaidong, Dong Xuan, Xuan Ying, Koharu, Dazhang, Chubing, Polar Yang and Yangzhi.

November

Winter Solstice, Midwinter, Zhengdong, Changyue, Frosty Moon, Winter Moon, Frosty Moon, Purple Moon, Gu Yue, jiayue, Paper Moon, Complex Moon, First Month, Yiyang Moon, Guanghanyue, Long Qian Yue, Xueyue, Leng Yue, Huangzhong, Yangfu, Yangji, Bingzhuang, Sanzhi and Yaya.

December

In December, except the month, ugly month, severe month, ice month, full moon, polar month, full moon, the first month of the earth, the second month of the sun, the third month of winter, the early month of plum blossom, the spring moon, seasonal winter, twilight winter, late winter, long winter, poor winter, yellow winter, late winter, residual winter and so on.

3. How do you say June in ancient Chinese? Usually called: Lotus Moon, Seasonal Moon, Fu Moon, Cross Moon, Department Moon, Jingyang, Xia Xia, Seasonal Summer and Moon.

January: Meng Chun, early spring, last spring, Duanyue, Chuyang, Duan Chun, Dream, Chunyang, Shouyang and Zhao Chun; February: Zhong Chun, Zhong Yang, Zhong Zhong; March; Ji Chun, Hunchun, July, Kazuki Watanabe musician, late spring, jiayue, silkworm month; April: Xia Meng, early summer, early summer, Xia Wei, Huaixia, Yuyue, Qingheyue; Possibility; Midsummer, Super Summer, Liu Yue, Puyue; June: late summer month, late summer month, late summer month, Xia Yue, lotus month, extreme summer month; July: Qiu Meng, early autumn, Shaoqiu, Xinqiu, Zhao Qiu, Chu Shang, Lan Yue, Liang Yue, Xiang Yue August: Zhong Qiu, Shangzhong, Gui Yue, Zhuang Yue; September: Qiu Ji, Late Autumn, Bianqiu, Bianjian, Gaoshang, Bai Ji, Juyue, Yongyue, Xuan Yue, Poor Autumn; October: Mengdong, Early Winter, Last Winter, Yangyue, Kunyue, Yue Ji and Liang Yue; 1 1 month: mid-winter, second month, last month, last month; December: seasonal winter, late winter, long winter, poor winter, severe winter, severe month, sunny month, twelfth month, except the month. It can be directly said that the legendary June 6th is Dayu's birthday. Huangfu Mi of the Jin Dynasty said in "Century of the Emperor": "Yu was born with a broken chest and was born in the county on June 6th, so it is normal to rebuild his lower body at the age of six."

Song Zhenzong in Song Dynasty claimed that God gave him a scripture on June 6th, so he renamed the day "Tiangong Festival" and built a temple at the foot of Mount Tai to make a wish. The main method of ancient lunar calendar: 1, digital calendar.

Such as January, February and March. It is still in use today.

Match1February 1 1 day with 12 day. The November gamete of the summer calendar where the winter solstice is located is called Jianzi Month, then December is Jianugly Month, and January of the following year is Jianyin Month.

Or the diameter is called Ziyue, Ugly Moon and silver moon.

June is Mitsuki. 3. Dry branches and the moon.

It was used in the Han Dynasty at the latest. That is, a fixed monthly branch with a dry day.

Five years is a week, and it goes on and on. If we start from the year of Jiazi, the earthly branch in the first month is Yin (the third branch of the twelve branches), and the heavenly stem in the middle of the month is the third branch of the ten branches, namely, C Yin, Ding Mao in February and Ding Chou in December.

The following year is the ugly year, the first month is Wuyin, and February is the first year.

December is ugly. December was the first ugly day in Chen Wunian.

Sixty months from the year of Jiazi to the year of Chen Wu * * *, exactly a whole week. 4. Specific name.

The first month of the year is called the first month (the Qin Dynasty changed to the end of the month because of avoiding the first emperor Zhao Zheng), also known as Meng Wei; February is called Ru, March is called Ai, April is called Yu or Chu, May is called Gao, June is called Qi, July is called Xiang, August is called Zhuang, September is called Xuan, October is called Yang, November is called Gu, and December is called Tu. Poem Xiaoya Xiaoming: "In the past, I was gone, and the sun and the moon moved away.

Yun Yun returns, at all years. Zheng Xuan wrote: "April is an exception. "

"Under the mandarin. Yue Ren: "As for Xuan Yue, Wang Zhao asked Fan Li." June is called (3) seasonal calendar method.

Such as "Nineteen Ancient Poems": "When Meng Dong is cold, why is the north wind sad?" "Meng Dong" stands for October of the lunar calendar; Tao Yuanming's nine quasi-ancient poems "Midspring Strikes Rain", and "Midspring" stands for February of the lunar calendar.

In ancient China, there were four main methods to record the day: (1) ordinal number method. For example, "Meihualing": "On the 25th, the city fell, and the valiant soldier drew his sword and committed suicide.

"Ji Xiang Xuanzhi": "On the night of March 5th, the moon is half full.

"March 5th" refers to the 15th day of the lunar calendar. Preface to the story of the July 12th Martyrs in Huanghuagang: "The worst death was the siege of Guangdong and Guangxi on March 29th,191.

(2) the method of recording the day. For example, "The Battle of Dishes": "In summer and April, Xin Si was defeated by Dishes.

"April Xinsi" refers to the 13th day of April in the lunar calendar; "Shi Zhongshan Ji" "Ding Chou in June of the seventh year of Yuanfeng", that is, June 9 of the lunar calendar; "Climbing Mount Tai" means this month 18. The ancients also used heavenly stems or earthly branches to represent specific days.

For example, "Zi Mao is unhappy" in the Book of Rites, which refers to an evil day or a taboo day. (3) Moon phase and date method.

Refers to the use of "new moon, non-,prosperous, both prosperous and beneficial" to mark the day. The first day of each month is called the new moon, the third day of each month is called the moon, and the middle of the month is called the moon (the fifteenth day of a small month and the sixteenth day of a big month). The day after the moon is called hope, and the last day of each month is called cloudy.

For example, "Watching the sun in July is also a thing" in "Salute to Sisters"; "Five Tombstones" and "Looking at Ding Mao in March"; "Red Cliff Fu" is "endless in autumn, looking forward to July"; "Book with Wife" "First marriage for three or four months, looking forward to winter". (4) Both the trunk and the moon should be used.

Before the dry support is placed, after the moon phase is arranged. Such as "Climbing Mount Tai": "Wu Shenhui, five drums, sitting in the pavilion with Zi Ying.

24 solar terms refers to the 24 specific solar terms in the China lunar calendar, which are formulated according to the change of the earth's position on the ecliptic (that is, the earth's orbit around the sun), and each solar term corresponds to a certain position reached by the earth every time it runs 15 on the ecliptic. The twenty-four solar terms are divided into 12 neutral solar terms and 12 solar terms, which correspond to each other one by one.

The twenty-four solar terms reflect the annual apparent motion of the sun, so their dates are basically fixed in the Gregorian calendar. The solar terms in the first half of the year are on the 6th, the solar terms in the second half of the year are on the 8th and the solar terms are on the 23rd, with a difference of less than 1-2 days. Twenty-four solar terms, a supplementary calendar established in the pre-Qin period and completely established in the Han Dynasty, is a knowledge system formed by observing the movement of the sun in a year and understanding the changing laws of the four seasons, climate and phenology in a year.

It divides the sun's annual trajectory into 24 equal parts, and each equal part is a solar term, starting from beginning of spring and ending with severe cold. It is not only a time standard issued by successive governments, but also a compass to guide agricultural production and predict cold, warm, rainy and snowy weather in people's daily life. Among the 24 solar terms, the solar terms reflecting the changes of the four seasons are: beginning of spring, vernal equinox, long summer, summer solstice, beginning of autumn, autumnal equinox, beginning of winter and winter solstice; There are five solar terms reflecting temperature changes: slight summer heat, great summer heat, summer heat, slight cold and severe cold; There are seven solar terms reflecting weather phenomena: rain, Grain Rain, white dew, cold dew, first frost, light snow and heavy snow; There are four solar terms reflecting phenological phenomena: Jing Zhe, Qing Ming, Xiaoman and Mang Zi.

2016165438+1October 30th, 24 solar terms were officially listed in UNESCO's Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. In the field of international meteorology, the 24 solar terms are known as "the fifth invention of China".

20 17 5.

4. Translation of Camellia in Classical Chinese I. Translation

Camellia contains a peculiar temperament, and its leaves contain a thick dark green.

Camellia always produces bright red flowers, but it is still in the snow.

Camellia is graceful like a peony, but not as enchanting as a peony swaying in the wind.

The flowers at the end of the cold season do not wither later than it, and camellia blooms first in the cold winter.

I want to re-evaluate the level of flowers and list them as three fair ones.

Plum blossom has a strange temperament, and it is completely self-loving, but it is a Shu Qi in flowers.

Second, the original text

Camellia is pregnant with peculiar qualities, and its green leaves are deep and thick.

Red flowers often bloom in the snow.

Although rich, not enchanting.

When it is cold in a year, it does not fade, and it is also a spring breeze.

I will order flowers in order to draw up the three fairs.

Mei Junte is plain, but just like Uncle Yi.

Third, the source

Gui Youguang's Mr. Zhenchuan and Camellia Collection

Four. Brief introduction of the author

Gui Youguang (150765438+1October 6th-15765438+February 7th) was called "Mr. Zhenchuan". Han nationality, a native of Xuanhuali (now Kunshan, Jiangsu), Kunshan County, Taicang Prefecture, Suzhou. Ming dynasty officials, essayists, ancient prose masters.

In the 19th year of Jiajing (1540), Gui Youguang was promoted to the imperial examination, and then took the exam, ranking first from the bottom eight times. He moved to Anting River in Jiading, where he studied and gave lectures and had many apprentices. In the thirty-third year of Jiajing (1554), when the Japanese made an insurrection, Gui Youguang went into the city to prepare for defense and wrote Yu Yu Yi.

In the forty-fourth year of Jiajing (1565), Gui Youguang was a 60-year-old Jinshi, and passed the positions of Changxing magistrate, Shunde and Nanjing Taibu Temple. Therefore, he was called a "servant" and took part in the compilation of A Record of Sejong. Qin Long died in five years (157 1 year) at the age of 66.

Gui Youguang admired the ancient prose of Tang and Song Dynasties, and his prose style was simple and sincere. He is a representative writer of "Tang and Song School" in Ming Dynasty, and is called "Ouyang Xiu today". Later generations praised his prose as "plain language first" And Wang are also called "Jiajing Sanjie", and Hu is also called "Gui and Hu". He is the author of Collection of Mr. Zhenchuan and Records of Water Conservancy in Sanwu.

Extended data

works appreciation

Camellia always blooms quietly in the yard when it is a little cold in late autumn. When camellia withers, not the whole flower falls, but the petals wither slowly one by one until the end of life. Such a cautious and reluctant way to die is the same as people's attitude of pursuing an ideal partner, so gradually camellia has become an endorsement of women who love them.

In the winter when almost all the flowers wither, the red camellia is particularly warm and full of business. Moreover, planting in the garden can also make people appreciate her faint floral fragrance. Therefore, camellia makes people feel lovely, modest, ideal love, cautious and attractive.

The first four sentences of this poem focus on colorful camellias by describing dark green tea leaves and bright red flowers. The leaves are dark green and the flowers are bright red. Camellia has the characteristics of bright colors. The middle four sentences focus on the valuable qualities of camellia. Camellia: dignified and elegant, rich and graceful, but not enchanting; It has solid quality, opens in the snow, and is cold without withering.

This poem adopts the writing technique of expressing ambition and setting off. Through the image of camellia, the author expresses his infinite admiration and appreciation for people with noble character, and also embodies the author's lofty mind. The whiteness of snow sets off the brilliant red of Camellia and the thick green of leaves, while pine and cypress set off the loyal quality of Camellia.