Introduction of solar term disaster and health care in Xiaoman

1, solar term disaster: After Xiaoman, high temperature weather above 35℃ began to appear in the south of the Yellow River to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and relevant departments and units paid attention to heatstroke prevention and cooling. Judging from the climatic characteristics, most parts of China have entered summer in Xiaoman season, the temperature difference between north and south has further narrowed, precipitation has further increased, natural plants are full and lush, wheat seeds are gradually full, summer crops are close to maturity, and spring crops are flourishing, entering a busy period of summer harvest, summer sowing and Shimonoseki. During this period, China's wheat areas should attach great importance to the prevention and control of wheat diseases and insect pests. As far as North China is concerned, there is a saying that "when wheat is full, it is risky", which means that in North China, winter wheat enters the mature stage when it is full, and it is most afraid of dry and hot winds at this time. At this time, North China has not yet entered the rainy season and is in a state of drought. Due to the strong solar radiation, the ground temperature rises rapidly. When dry and hot weather forms, the temperature is as high as 30℃, the minimum relative humidity is less than or equal to 30%, the wind speed is more than 3-4 meters per second, and the blowing wind is dry and hot. Dry hot wind is very harmful to wheat from flowering to milk ripening. It accelerates the evaporation of crops, makes the water in crops evaporate rapidly, destroys chlorophyll, stops the photosynthesis of crops, withers the stems and leaves rapidly, causes the seeds to shrink, the skin thickness is thick, the ventral furrow is deep, and the 1000-grain weight is reduced, with a general yield reduction of 5- 10% and a serious yield reduction of more than 30%. Prevent dry and hot wind and try to use early-maturing varieties. When encountering hot air, spray water quickly. The proportion of water in plant ash is 65438+ 0 kg in plant ash, 5 kg in water, and 40-50 kg per mu. There is also sprayed petroleum growth promoter: 1kg growth promoter, 100kg water. After spraying, the water content of leaves can be increased, the water retention capacity can be enhanced, photosynthesis can be strengthened, the respiratory intensity can be weakened, and dry hot wind can be prevented. In addition, applying nitrogen fertilizer in advance, controlling the amount of nitrogen fertilizer during grain filling and increasing phosphorus fertilizer in base fertilizer are all beneficial to wheat grain filling, and are also beneficial to preventing dry-hot wind. In addition, it has entered a period of frequent thunderstorms and strong winds. All localities should always pay attention to the weather forecast and try to avoid the losses caused by the above disastrous weather.

2, solar terms health: after the small full solar terms, it is the time when diseases are easy to appear. It is suggested that people should have the health consciousness of "preventing before illness", and start from two aspects: strengthening healthy qi and preventing the invasion of pathogenic factors. The wheat grains are getting full, and it will be harvested in more than ten days. Stop watering ten days before harvesting to prevent wheat aphids and jaundice. Remove impurities and select inferior ones, and interplant grain, oil and cotton in time. Drought, wind and hail disasters should be prevented in advance to reduce disasters. The seeds of sesame, millet and millet are acceptable, but it is too late to sow cotton in spring. In early spring, crops are frequently loosened and hoeed strictly. _ Treat pests with cotton, properly topdressing and watering. Before wheat, change the kang quickly, or the hole in the kang will break the edge of the field. Repair farm tools early and plan ahead, don't wait for the wheat to be ripe before turning around. Fruit trees are thinned to control insects, and mulberry cocoons are harvested in time. Measures should be taken to manage livestock and poultry, and pregnant females should be slim. Fish ponds are observed day and night to prevent problems before they happen. Raising fish is like growing grain and cotton. Proper management can achieve high yield.