Twenty-four solar terms schedule in recent 100 years

Twenty-four solar terms are the discovery of the wisdom of Chinese ancestors. Now many people are saying that the 24 solar terms are very good, but they are only suitable for China, or more accurately, only for North China in the Yellow River Basin. It doesn't apply anymore. Is that really the case? Let me study this problem by analyzing the names of the 24 solar terms.

First, divide the names of the 24 solar terms into four groups in order, and each group is divided into two halves:

Beginning of spring, rain, fright, vernal equinox, Qingming, Grain Rain;

Long summer, Xiaoman, Mangzhong, Summer Solstice, Xiaoshu, Dashu;

Beginning of autumn, Chu Shu, Bailu, Autumnal Equinox, Cold Dew, First Frost;

Beginning of winter, light snow, heavy snow. Winter solstice, slight cold, severe cold.

As soon as this is released, you can see immediately that after the first four words are set up, the second half begins, and then the words "spring, summer, autumn and winter" begin. What does this mean? It goes without saying that the four seasons are spring, summer, autumn and winter. Standing up from four is the beginning. In the second half of Spring, Summer, Autumn and Winter, there are two words "fen" and two words "knowledge". What do you mean by integral? The simplest "one in two" is "one in two", which means that the season here is divided into two. What about the other two words "know"? It's easy to misunderstand the meaning of "end", but what is end? Don't think it's the end of the season. The sun has gone north or south and is going back. If we examine the original meaning of the word "zhi" exactly, "zhi" means extreme. For example, when we say "at least", that is to say, we can't be less, very small. The summer solstice means that the sun has gone north to the extreme and will return, but the summer is not over, but just at the midpoint. The solstice in winter is similar. The sun has just reached the southernmost tip and started to turn to the north. Winter is half over.

These eight solar terms are usually called four seasons and eight festivals. Actually, it's four beginnings and eight middle schools. They define the four seasons. But what do the four seasons mean? Isn't it hot in summer? Isn't it cold in winter? Why is it hot in late summer and cold in late winter? Isn't this Xia Dong crooked?

This question is really reasonable. Did the ancients set the four seasons wrong? Only by thinking deeply can we understand the mystery.

It turns out that heat and cold depend on the sun, but the reasons why people feel hot and cold are very complicated, and the sun is not the only decisive factor. For example, there are two doors at both ends of a big house. In winter, a pot of fire enters from the left door, slowly moves to the right door, and finally goes out from the right door. Do you think the temperature in the house is the highest when the fire moves to the center? You must say no, but the temperature is the highest when the fire moves to the right door. The reason is that it takes time for a fire to emit heat into the air. When the fire moves to the middle, the heat has not dissipated. Sun exposure is almost the same, and the factors affecting temperature are much more complicated. So the concept of season, when it first appeared, was very simple, based on people's direct feelings. When people want to define the accurate concept of the four seasons and want to incorporate the concept of the four seasons into the calendar, people realize that they can't define the four seasons just according to the temperature. At the same time, the temperature varies from place to place, and the temperature at the same time in different years is not the same. Therefore, we must find a most stable and universally applicable standard to determine the four seasons. Our clever ancestors discovered this standard, that is, the north-south position of the sun. This standard is astronomical. Although the north-south position of the sun can not only determine the temperature of a place, but also affect the temperature change in a year regularly. Therefore, it is of practical value to determine the four seasons according to the north-south position of the sun. Of course, the four seasons determined in this way are definitely different from those directly determined by temperature. Usually, the direct season is called the meteorological season. Meteorological season cannot be used as calendar season. The astronomical season mentioned just now can be used as the calendar season. The meteorological season usually lags behind the astronomical season, and the Yellow River Basin in China lags behind by about three periods. The four seasons set by the above eight solar terms are astronomical season and calendar season. This can explain why the heat and cold are not in the middle of Xia Dong.

Four seasons and eight festivals are the skeleton of twenty-four solar terms and calendars. The other 16 solar terms are branches or meat on the skeleton. Using branches or meat is a bridge between astronomical season and meteorological season.

We see "rain" and "fear" being inserted into the bisector between beginning of spring and the vernal equinox. These two names describe the meteorological or biological characteristics of the first half of spring. It's going to rain, and the little life hiding in the ground for the winter will start to wake up when it hears the call of the sun. Between the vernal equinox and the long summer is "Qingming" and "Grain Rain". From the rainy season, we can know the climate of Tomb-Sweeping Day. Literally, we can know from Grain Rain that this is the season when crops need rain to promote their growth. Insert "Xiao Man" and "Busy" between the long summer and the summer solstice. When the wheat is full, the awn seed is the busy season for wheat harvest and autumn planting. Between summer solstice and early autumn, there are "slight summer heat" and "great summer heat", which are the hottest months. Between beginning of autumn and the autumnal equinox, the words "summer heat" and "white dew" are inserted, which is the end of summer heat and the early autumn season when dew begins to appear in the morning and evening. The significance of inserting "cold dew" and "first frost" between the autumnal equinox and beginning of winter is self-evident. Insert "light snow" and "heavy snow" between beginning of winter and winter solstice; The meteorological significance of inserting "slight cold" and "severe cold" between winter solstice and beginning of spring is more clear and needs no explanation. In a word, these sixteen solar terms are inserted between the eight solar terms to describe the meteorology and phenology of the Yellow River Basin in China. Any other place in the world can imitate and give appropriate names to these sixteen solar terms according to their meteorological and phenological characteristics, just like the relationship between world time and time zone. So: the 24 solar terms are actually applicable all over the world.

Knowing the astronomical significance of the twenty-four solar terms, we know how important it is to take the twenty-four solar terms as the criterion in the calendar. But 24 solar terms is defined by the 24 equal angles of the great circle that the sun passes through in the sky, not by the 24 equal times of a year, so the time interval is unequal. According to the approximate number of days, some are 15 days, and some are 16 days. Therefore, how to divide the months of the year so as to express the 24 solar terms succinctly and accurately enough, so that they can be arranged with the simplest rules and easy to remember, is an important task in calendar design.

Responder: zhxr 63- fiend 16 level 7-6 16: 15.

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Commentator: 50455698 1- ranking 1.

At least this is a folk custom in China.

Commentator: Yilin-magic apprentice level 1

Other answers *** 4

Twenty-four solar terms originated in the Yellow River Basin. As early as the Spring and Autumn Period, four solar terms were set, namely, mid-spring, mid-summer, mid-autumn and mid-winter. After continuous improvement and perfection, by the Qin and Han Dynasties, the 24 solar terms had been completely established. In BC 104, the taichu calendar written by Deng Ping officially set 24 solar terms in the calendar, and defined the astronomical position of the 24 solar terms.

The time when the sun runs along the longitude of the Yellow River from zero 15 degrees is called "a solar term". It runs 360 degrees every year, and * * * experiences 24 solar terms, twice a month. Among them, the first solar term of each month is "solar term", that is, beginning of spring, Jingzhe, Qingming, Changxia, Mangzhong, Xiaoshu, beginning of autumn, Bailu, Hanlu, beginning of winter, Heavy Snow, Xiaohan, etc. 12 solar terms; The second solar term of each month is "Zhongqi", that is, there are 12 solar terms such as rain, vernal equinox, Grain Rain, Xiaoman, summer solstice, great heat, intense heat, autumnal equinox, first frost, light snow, winter solstice and great cold. "Solar term" and "neutral qi" appear alternately, each lasting 15 days. Now people have called "solar terms" and "neutral gas" solar terms.

Twenty-four solar terms reflect the apparent movement of the sun in one year, so the dates of solar terms are basically fixed in the current Gregorian calendar, with the first half of the year being 6 days and 2 1, and the second half being 8 days and 23 days, with a difference of 1 ~ 2 days.

In order to facilitate memory, people compiled 24 solar terms songs:

Twenty-four solar term song

The spring rain shakes the spring and the valley days, and the summer is full of mountains and summers.

Autumn dew, autumn frost, little snow in winter and cold in winter.

Seven-character poem of twenty-four solar terms

The earth goes around the sun, and it takes a year to complete a circle.

A year is divided into December, and the 24 solar terms are closely linked.

According to the Gregorian calendar, these two gases will not change every month.

The first half of the year is Saturday and Monday, and the second half is every eight days and every Wednesday.

These are festivals, and the difference is only one or two days.

There are 24 verses in succession, and the following formula is kept in mind:

A slight cold in January was followed by a severe cold, and it rained in the spring of February;

The vernal equinox is in March and Qingming Grain Rain is in April.

Long summer and full summer in May, full summer solstice in June;

July is hot and slightly hot, and August is long summer, beginning of autumn;

In September, the Millennium meets the autumnal equinox, and the first frost and cold dew are all in October;

There is a light snow in 1 1 month in beginning of winter, and a heavy snow in winter solstice to welcome the New Year.

Grasp the season and busy production, sow and harvest in time to ensure a bumper harvest.

With the spread of China calendar, the 24 solar terms have spread to many parts of the world.

Beginning of spring: beginning of spring is standing, and beginning of spring is beginning of spring.

Rain: It began to rain and gradually increased.

Sting: Sting means hiding. Sting refers to the sudden movement of spring thunder, which awakens the hibernating animals in the soil.

Equinox: Equinox means equal share. The vernal equinox means that day and night are equally divided.

Qingming: sunny and lush.

Grain Rain: Rain makes a hundred valleys. With sufficient and timely rainfall, cereal crops can thrive.

Long summer: the beginning of summer.

Xiaoman: Summer crops such as wheat are full of seeds.

Miscanthus species: Miscanthus crops such as wheat are mature.

Summer solstice: The hot summer is coming.

Summer heat: Summer heat means heat. Slight summer heat refers to when the climate begins to get hot.

Big institutions: the hottest time of the year.

Beginning of autumn: The beginning of autumn.

Summer heat: place means stop and hide. Summer is the end of hot summer.

White dew: The weather turns cold and the dew condenses into white.

Autumnal equinox: divided equally between day and night.

Cold dew: Dew is cold and will freeze.

First frost: it's getting colder and colder, frosty.

Beginning of winter: The beginning of winter.

Xiaoxue: It's starting to snow.

Heavy snow: the snowfall is increasing, and there may be snow on the ground.

Solstice of winter: the cold winter is coming.

Slight cold: The climate began to get cold.

Great cold: the coldest time of the year.