How to study weather science

Meteorology is a subject that studies the physical essence and laws of weather phenomena and weather processes, and uses it to forecast weather. It is an important branch of atmospheric science. Therefore, the research object of synoptics is the whole earth's atmosphere, and the research content is various weather phenomena and their evolution laws in the atmosphere. But in practical work, meteorology does not study all atmospheric physical processes, but only those weather phenomena and weather processes that play an important role in weather evolution.

The study of meteorology has a history of more than one hundred years, and its development is related to the innovation of means and technology, which has gone through four stages: before the 1920s, it was the first stage to analyze various atmospheric pressure systems and their weather distribution, mainly using the ground. After the 1920s, due to the successful development of radiosonde, high-altitude meteorological data were obtained, and the research on high-altitude meteorological data expanded from the ground to three-dimensional space, which was the second stage. At this stage, Norwegian meteorologists put forward the polar front theory, and Swedish meteorologists put forward this theory. The polar front theory summarizes the typical polar front model (including the life history of cyclone from birth, development to extinction) and points out the mobility of temperate zone.

Weather frame

Weather frame

In a cyclone, there is an interface formed by cold air from the polar regions and warm air from the tropics, which is called polar front (see). According to the air mass theory, the weather change in mid-latitude is the result of the interaction of different sources. When a place is controlled by an air mass, typical weather usually occurs. Where two kinds of air masses meet, the weather changes very sharply. After 1930s, meteorology entered the third stage. Its symbol is the presentation and application of theory. From 65438 to 0939, Swedish meteorologists put forward the theory of long wave (planetary wave) through the analysis of a large number of upper-air weather maps, and found that polar front cyclones developed at a specific position of long wave, and the movement and development of cyclones were closely related to long wave. At this stage, synoptics began to be combined with dynamic meteorology. In addition to the wide application of Rossby's long-wave formula, British meteorologist R.C. Sutcliffe and Norwegian meteorologist S. Patterson respectively put forward the conditions for judging the occurrence and development of ground weather system on the basis of simplifying vorticity equation (see). In addition, Finnish meteorologists have done a lot of research on the characteristics of large-scale weather systems in westerlies, and American meteorologist C.W. Newton has done a lot of research on severe convective storms. American meteorologist H. Lille has made contributions to tropical weather analysis, tropical atmospheric circulation and research (see). After the 1960s, meteorology entered the fourth stage. Due to the use of high-speed electronic computers, the combination of synoptics and dynamic meteorology is closer. It is embodied in the numerical simulation test (see) and diagnostic analysis (see) of the weather system, from which we can further understand the physical mechanism of the occurrence and development of the weather system. At the same time, because meteorological satellites provide a large number of meteorological data in sparsely populated areas (such as oceans, polar regions, plateaus and desert areas), tropical meteorology has developed rapidly and many new atmospheric movements have been discovered. Due to the continuous improvement of detection methods, the research on severe convective weather is also deepening.

Chinese meteorologists first classified the weather types in China in 1925. At 193 1, the cyclone in the Jianghuai basin of China was studied. During the period of 1934~ 1936, Li Xianzhi studied the relationship between the southern hemisphere and the northwest Pacific, and preliminarily put forward the interaction of atmospheric circulation between the two hemispheres. 1943, Lu wrote China's first book, Weather Forecast, and studied the cold wave and typhoon in China in 1930s and 1940s. Later, the study of rainstorm, cold wave and plateau meteorology in China history, the study of the interaction between high altitude shear depression (see), precipitation weather system in China and middle and low latitudes circulation, the study of tropical circulation, and the study of air masses and fronts all contributed to the development of synoptics.