Appreciation and Interpretation of Six Chapters of Xiao Jing Shu Ren

original text

Use heaven [1] to divide the benefits of the land [2]. Saving [3] adoptive parents is the filial piety of Shu Ren [4].

translate

Use the natural law of solar terms change in spring, summer, autumn and winter. Respect the different characteristics of land and make it suitable for each kind of land; Be cautious in behavior; Spend money and save money; To support their parents. This is the filial piety of ordinary people!

To annotate ...

[1] Use heaven: use, fit and use. Heaven, natural laws, such as spring planting and autumn harvest.

[2] Benefits of land division: division, differentiation and discrimination. Benefits of land, adaptability and convenience of farmland land, etc.

[3] Be cautious in words and deeds: Be cautious in words and deeds, which means to be cautious in behavior. Thrift means consumption, frugality.

[4] Shu Ren: refers to the ordinary people in the world.

analyse

Ordinary people basically know that the harvest of fields is restricted by the laws of nature. The natural law of filial piety is cautious behavior and frugal consumption. Imagine that if a person is profligate and keeps asking his parents for money, he still needs his parents to support him in middle age. Can such behavior be considered filial piety? Therefore, the most basic filial piety is to conform to the laws of nature and obtain money and property in a proper way, so that one's life can be enriched, one can support one's parents and make them happy physically and mentally. This is the filial piety that ordinary people should do. It is also a person's most basic responsibility and common sense.

Typical examples show that

Let bygones be bygones, filial piety stepmother.

Gui Shuo, Wei Ru, was born in Jiading (now Jiading County, Shanghai) in the Ming Dynasty. Gui Yue's mother died when he was very young, and his father married another wife, Gui Yue's stepmother. Soon after, Gui Yue's stepmother gave birth to a son, so Gui Yue was left out by his father. After her stepmother was favored, she hated returning to the lottery, so her father always beat her to win her stepmother's favor.

Their family is poor and there is not enough food to eat. Every time before eating, the stepmother deliberately scolded her father for what he said, in order to annoy him. The father was so angry that he drove his son out of the house, leaving his stepmother and her son, so that food was enough. Gui Shuo was hungry and tired, crawling on the road. My father was even more unhappy when he saw it. He said, "Don't stay at home, go outside and be a beggar." Hit him again, almost killed him. When his father died, his stepmother kicked him out of the house, and he followed the salt dealer to sell salt for a living. Every time I go back to China to see my younger brother, I will ask my stepmother. Knowing that her stepmother loves sweet things, I gave the money I saved to my brother to buy for my mother. Later, in the famine year, the stepmother could no longer support herself. Gui Yue offered to serve her stepmother. Stepmother began to feel guilty and embarrassed to go. Later, after Gui Yue's sincere persuasion, she nodded and agreed. Gui Shuo got the food and gave it to his stepmother and brother first, but his face turned yellow with hunger. My brother may have committed suicide because he felt incompetent. Later, Gui Yue continued to support her stepmother until her death.

Although filial piety was advocated by feudal rulers, emperors, governors, doctors, scholars and so on. In high society, people should of course advocate filial piety. However, as an ordinary person, even the poor who are naked, hungry, neglected by their parents and subjected to domestic violence should abide by filial piety? Although they can't provide their parents with the best food and clothing like high-ranking officials and dignitaries, their filial piety is even worse than that of high-ranking officials and dignitaries, which can be proved by the filial piety in Gui Yue.

3 1 year There is a dutiful son before bed.

Zhang Shiying, a housewife in Chenjia Village, Luocun Town, Zichuan District, Zibo City, Shandong Province, spent her 76th birthday and stayed in bed for 3 1 year. From son, daughter-in-law, grandson, granddaughter to great-granddaughter, she has never abandoned her, but has been chewed and fed in turn and passed down from generation to generation. When people asked her children how to be filial to her, she told everyone in vague language: "My son and daughter-in-law are heartbroken and have suffered enough for me." Without their care, I don't know where to put my old life. Chen Sihao, her only son, immediately said, "Thanks to * * *, thanks to * * *, without the Party and * * *, I could not have a good day today. "

From the beginning of 1960, misfortune came to Chen Sihao's home one after another. /kloc-When he was 0/2 years old, his father died of illness, leaving his mother Zhang Shiying and two sisters: one was 7 years old and the other was still in infancy. Sensible Chen Sihao dropped out of school and went home to take care of the village. His mother works in a vegetable garden. The work was not tiring, but she got more marks. One day in June, 1965, Zhang Shiying, who was working in the vegetable garden, suddenly felt bored and wanted to vomit. After examination by the village doctor, she was overworked and had a cold and fever, so she took a bottle of intravenous drip, but suddenly she had a high fever in the middle of the drip! After two transfers, she had a high fever for three days and nights, and the cause was still unknown. From then on, Zhang Shiying was paralyzed and never got up again. This year, Chen Sihao was only 16 years old. The poor family was heavily in debt because of medical treatment, and his family became a poor family in the village. The town took care of him to work in the coal well run by the town to earn some money to support his family. Whenever I think of it, Chen Sihao is very excited. He said, "At the critical moment, the Party and * * * extended a helping hand to my family." On holidays, the village also sends cloth, noodles and meat to express condolences, so that his family can have food and clothing.

After Zhang Shiying was paralyzed, he couldn't chew, so he had to eat pancakes and steamed buns until they were soft. By 1970, after all her teeth had fallen off, she had to rely on others to chew and feed them bit by bit for 26 years.

1967, girls in Wacun village of this town are often introduced. Faced with paralysis in bed and her two sisters, she was often worried, and her sisters also advised her to think carefully. I have been there several times and feel honest. With the full support of her mother, she married Chen Sihao in the twelfth lunar month, but she didn't get any dowry. Often after entering the door, there is only one bowl of rice to eat at home, and there is nothing valuable in the house. She did not regret it, and took over the burden of serving her mother-in-law that day. In order to share the burden of life, I often go to work in the fields the next day. At that time, the family was poor, so she gave her mother-in-law some noodles and only drank some soup to satisfy her hunger. Later, they had a son and two women one after another, and life was even more difficult. She often sends her children to her parents' home a mile away to take care of them and works alone in the fields. Year after year, her children grew up and were able to serve the elderly for her, which brought some comfort to her tired experience.

Parents are role models for their children, and everything they say and do often infects them. Chen Guang is the boss. He works as a salesman in a village-run refractory factory and often runs outside. Whenever he talks about his family to others, he is very proud. Gao Hongmei, his daughter-in-law, chewed food for his grandmother before she came in, and helped her wash her hair and comb her hair. Now 14 of the Chen family, although some of them have married abroad, have never quarreled with their families and take special care of the elderly. They are all rated as five good families in the local area.

The Chen Sihao family's respect for the elderly has become a mirror for the villagers in Lizhuang. Since the founding of New China, there has never been a criminal case in Chenjiacun, and there have never been incidents such as villagers fighting, drunkenness, and failure to support the elderly. So far, this village is the only village in the whole region without a mediation committee. The Party Committee of Luocun Town made a special decision, calling on every household in the town to learn from the Chen Sihao family. Chenjiacun became the first civilized village in Zibo.

original text

Therefore, from the emperor to Shu Ren, filial piety is endless [1], while those who suffer less [2] have nothing [3].

translate

Therefore, from the emperor to the common people, filial piety has no hierarchy, transcends time and space, exists forever, and has no beginning or end. Filial piety is something everyone can do. If someone is worried that they can't do it, it won't happen at all.

To annotate ...

[1] There is no end to filial piety: filial piety, filial piety. Nothing, whatever. Finally, Shu Ren. First refers to the son of heaven.

[2] Less loss: loss, worry, worry. No, it means you can't do it.

[3] No: There is no such thing. It stands for "no loss".

analyse

Generally speaking, filial piety is regardless of size and rank. As long as you are a child, you should do your duty on your own acre of land. Being big and powerful enriches the people, being small and immune to it is filial piety. As long as you always keep such a filial piety in mind, you will naturally consider the problem from your parents' point of view when you do anything, and always miss your parents' kindness, so you dare not do anything illegal and criminal, because everything you say and do will implicate innocent parents and make them worry. In this way, not only is he a dutiful son personally, but he will also get great happiness in his family, which is equivalent to indirectly making his own contribution to the order and stability of the country and society.

Typical examples show that

Cut the meat to save mom.

During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, when He was young, his family was good. However, for some unknown reason, his family came down and his father died young. My mother has to take care of her young son at home, farm and sell food to make a living. After years of overwork, she became ill. This is even worse for a family that is not rich. Because there is no money, my mother's illness can only drag on for a few years, and it has tortured her into a human form. He Zhong Zhen knew that his mother's illness was completely caused by fatigue, and she was getting thinner and weaker. Although He Zhong Zhen was very sad, there was nothing she could do.

One day, my terminally ill mother smelled the smell of meat coming from cooking next door. My mother who hasn't eaten meat for several years can't help chanting, "I really want to eat meat." It happened that this scene was seen by He, who had just come home from busy farming, and his heart was sour. In the evening, when He Zhong Zhen was cooking, her mother's sad expression came back to her eyes. When she thought of her hard life, tears could not help falling. I think about my seven-foot man, but I can't satisfy my mother's basic appetite for food and clothing. I feel guilty inside. This matter has been lingering in He's mind.

A few days later, my mother pulled him over and said, "Son, my mother dragged you into the water. My mother's disease is incurable. Instead of dragging you down, let my mother die. " Say that finish, mother and son can't hide their inner sadness and cry. These words strengthened He Zhong's determination to satisfy her mother's wishes. In order not to let his mother find out, He got up early the next day, left home barefoot with a prepared knife, hemostatic herbs and sweat handkerchief, climbed the hillside and came to a big stone. He took out a knife with a sweaty handkerchief in his mouth. Compared with the muscles on his arm, he scratched a big piece of meat on his arm. Hot sweat flowed down, and the severe pain made him feel nothing. After stopping the bleeding in a hurry, he went home with this basket of meat.

When he got home, He Zhong Zhen endured the pain and cooked meat for his mother. And lied to his mother that he picked corn for pork on the street. Perhaps filial piety touched the day, and it didn't take long for my mother to get well after eating meat.

The story of He Zhong Zhen's "Saving Mother by Cutting Meat" is also a much-told story in the local area. In memory of He Zhongzhong, who served as the magistrate for many times, the cousin who returned home dressed in brocade set up a filial son monument for his cousin.

As children, filial piety comes first.

In the old mountainous area of southwest Hubei, there is a family named Xiao in the village. There are four people in the family. The man's name is Xiao Shan, and the wife's name is Latrell. She has an old mother who has been blind for many years and a nine-year-old son. They are poor households in the village. Xiaoshan's father, old and frail, unfortunately caught a cold while collecting firewood. After he came back, he couldn't afford to get sick and died soon.

At first, Xiao Shan and his wife were filial, but as time went on, contradictions came out. The war between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law is getting worse. They get up early and get greedy every day, and it is still difficult for them to make a living. This Lati was even more dissatisfied with her mother-in-law's procrastination, and said some ugly words from time to time. The old lady thinks she is a useless person, dragging down the children, and the daughter-in-law will swallow it. But this Lati's anger is getting worse every day, and her words are more vicious. The old lady can't bear to part with it, so she won't give food if she talks back a little. Even her nine-year-old grandson teases her from time to time and even scolds her with her daughter-in-law. Her heart is full of grievances.

On this day, my daughter-in-law began to scold while eating: "Old and useless things waste food in vain, why not die!" Said a little rice and threw it in front of the old lady. "eat"! How can this be called eating! The mother was so angry that she said to her son next to her, "I finally raised you." Now look at me and you won't even say a word. " You are human! "Xiaoshan is a henpecked wife. Although I didn't say anything to my old mother at ordinary times, she also complained in her heart and never stopped her behavior. The old lady continued to cry sadly and said, "Since you think I have caused you trouble, you might as well throw me to the mountain to feed the wolves so that you don't see me." One sentence seems to remind the dreamer.

Experience in the evening, shan lying in bed, his wife, Tracy didn't give him a good look. Sitting with his back to him, suddenly, La Cui turned to him and said, "Today, when I was old and deathless, it really reminded me. In my opinion, I should carry her to the back cliff and throw her down. " Xiao Shan sat up in shock. "Can you do such a thing? She is my biological mother. " Terry looked at him like a bear. "How can I marry you, a loser, and be poor with you? If you don't listen to me, I won't work tomorrow I'll let you eat. Look, how thin our son is. " When it comes to his son, Xiao Shan is distressed. Without nutrition, he is just a bone. He is desperate for his son.

After they made this decision, they were kind to the old lady for a few days. One night, Xiaoshan moved firewood with a shelf and put a board on it. She asked her mother to stay and her son to be her companion. She carried herself back to the cliff. Knowing that her son was up to something bad, the old lady was so angry that she was speechless early, thinking that she was dead, so as not to suffer. It took them a long time to climb to the edge of the cliff. Xiaoshan put the old lady down and sat on the ground and smoked a cigarette. He said to the old lady, "Mom, don't blame your son for being too cruel, just blame this day for being too sad." After that, he threw the shelf used to lift his mother off the cliff, watched his old mother's hands tremble and remembered his wife at home. At this moment, his little son suddenly spoke: "Dad, why did you fall off the shelf so that I can carry you later!" " In a word, he felt cold, punched himself in the mouth and rode back on his old mother's back.

Since then, my daughter-in-law Latrell has never scolded anyone. Every day, she brings the rice to the bed and hands it to her mother-in-law. Grandson never played tricks on grandma again.