Application of Garden Plants in Landscape Design

Application of Garden Plants in Landscape Design

As an important landscape element in urban landscape design, the application of garden plants in landscape should not only stay in simple cultivation, but also develop with the development of the times to create urban landscape that meets the needs of the times. The application of garden plants should be considered from the aspects of landscape artistic effect, ecology, culture, site function, economy and environmental protection, so as to comprehensively improve the application level of garden plants in landscape and create ideal landscape effect.

1 the role of garden plants in urban landscape

Garden plants in urban landscape can not only improve the environment, provide people with comfortable places for leisure and cultural entertainment, but also create artistic space for people to visit and enjoy. It gives people the enjoyment of the beauty of real life, the reappearance of natural scenery and the display of space art. Garden plants can beautify the environment, purify the air, reduce noise, reduce soil erosion, improve the environment and climate, and provide shelter from wind and shade.

1. 1 Protect the environment and maintain ecological balance.

1. 1. 1 "air purifier" (1) Garden plants can absorb CO2 in the air, release O2, and adjust the balance between CO2 and O2 in the air. (2) Garden plants can absorb harmful gases and evaluate and monitor environmental quality. Many garden plants can effectively absorb harmful gases such as CO, HF and Cl2 in the air. At the same time, the sensitivity of some garden plants to some harmful gases can be used to evaluate and monitor environmental quality. (3) Garden plants have good functions of dust absorption, sterilization and disinfection. In addition, urban garden plants are natural "silencers", which can effectively reduce the noise generated by vehicles and people.

1. 1.2 regulating ecological balance and improving urban microclimate garden plants are important factors in the ecological environment: they can effectively absorb solar radiation and reduce the temperature; Effectively regulate air humidity through self-transpiration; It has the functions of purifying water quality and protecting soil and water.

1.2 beautify the environment and cultivate sentiment

Urban landscape not only adds vitality to the city, but also cultivates people's aesthetic taste and sentiment, giving people beautiful enjoyment. Garden plants, with their different postures, colors and smells, enable people to enjoy the beauty of nature through sight, smell and touch.

2 Application principles of garden plants in landscape design

2. 1 The principle of adapting to local conditions, suitable places and suitable trees

Garden plants are living creatures, and each plant has specific requirements for its ecological environment. When using plants for urban landscape design, we must first meet its ecological requirements. Therefore, in urban landscape design, we should design according to the site conditions, combined with the characteristics of garden plants and environmental requirements, so that the ecological habits of plants themselves are consistent with the environmental conditions of planting areas. This requires the designer to determine the specific planting design scheme based on the investigation and comprehensive analysis of the environmental conditions of the design site (including temperature, humidity, light, soil and air). Planting design scheme should reflect good ecological environment and regional characteristics. We should not blindly introduce and popularize foreign garden plants, but pay attention to the development and application of local garden plants.

2.2 The principle of biodiversity

In urban landscape design, we should fully consider the ecological characteristics of species, rationally select plant species, and form a community structure with reasonable structure, sound functions and stable population, so as to facilitate the mutual complement of species, make full use of environmental resources and form a beautiful landscape. In order to make the urban landscape develop steadily and harmoniously and maintain the ecological balance of the city, biodiversity must be guaranteed. In a sense, attaching importance to the diversity of garden plants is a process of simulating and creating natural ecosystems. There are many kinds of plants in nature with rich colors, which have good ornamental value. If the plant population in the urban landscape is single, the ecology is unbalanced and the landscape is monotonous. In the arrangement of garden plants, we should pay attention to the combination of various trees, shrubs, vines and herbs to form a regional plant community and increase the stability of the population.

2.3 artistic principles

The arrangement of garden plants should follow aesthetic principles and attach importance to the landscape function of gardens. On the basis of following the ecology, according to the aesthetic requirements, the fusion creation is carried out. In urban landscape design, the tree shape, color, lines, texture and proportion of plants should have certain differences and changes, but they should also maintain certain similarities to cause a sense of unity, and at the same time, we should pay attention to the mutual connection and cooperation between plants, so that people have a soft, calm, comfortable and pleasant feeling. We should not only pay attention to the current landscape of garden plants, but also pay attention to the seasonal changes and landscape effects of garden plants, so as to achieve the landscape effect of "changing scenery and changing scenery" and create the landscape effect of "originating from nature, better than nature".

2.4 the principle of economy

The main purpose of garden plants is to create ecological and social benefits, but this does not mean that investment can be increased indefinitely. In urban landscape design, we must follow the principle of economy, consider the planting cost and post-management cost, and get the maximum ecological and social benefits with the least investment.

Application of Garden Plants in Landscape Design

3. 1 Comprehensive utilization of various garden plants

The selection of garden plant varieties should strive to be rich and diverse on the basis of unity. In urban landscape design, we should follow the ecological principles and establish a multi-level, multi-structure and multi-functional plant community. Priority should be given to the comprehensive application of trees, trees, shrubs, vines, herbs and other garden plants. The allocation of trees in urban gardens should be based on the tree shape, crown size and shape, deciduous or evergreen, so that the primary and secondary are clear and scattered. Trees, shrubs, vines and herbs are used to simulate natural flora, so that trees and shrubs, evergreen and deciduous, trees and shrubs, ground cover and turf are combined, and some grass flowers are appropriately decorated to form a multi-level composite structure, forming a well-defined and well-structured artificial plant community. The general principle is to meet the requirements of ecological benefits and achieve ornamental landscape effects.

3.2 Reasonable selection of garden plants according to landscape design and terrain features.

The spatial design of garden plants should be rationally configured according to the conditions of topography, space size and artistic requirements. The contour line of garden plant space should be high and low, straight, combined with topographic relief. The outline is magnificent and vigorous, but flat and monotonous; Unequal contour lines are rich and natural, but they should not be chaotic, especially in gardens with little topographic relief. Three-dimensional contour lines can be repeated, but they must have rhythm.

3.3 Use the seasonal changes of plants to rationally allocate garden plants.

Different garden plants have different seasonal changes. Urban landscape should have four distinct natural landscapes. In urban landscape design, plants can be selected according to their growth habits, such as Spring Festival, Peach Blossom, Magnolia, Lilac and so on. Hibiscus, Lagerstroemia indica and many kinds of grass flowers that bloom in early summer; Maple, red maple, ginkgo, etc. Autumn; Pine, cypress, bamboo, etc. In winter. It is worth noting that due to the different climatic conditions in different regions, the seasonal change time of plants will be different. Therefore, when matching garden plants in seasons, different plant varieties should be selected according to geographical location.

3.4 the combination of garden plants and other landscape elements

Garden plants not only have independent landscape representation, but also are important combination materials of landscape sketches such as buildings, landscapes, roads, sculptures and fountains in gardens.

3.4. 1 Landscape architecture combining garden plants and landscape architecture belongs to the hard landscape processed by artificial art in urban landscape, which is the combination of landscape function and practical function; Garden plants are creatures with natural beauty and are the main body of urban landscape construction. Garden plants can not only change the four seasons of buildings, but also set off and enrich the landscape of buildings. According to the theme, artistic conception and characteristics of landscape architecture, the configuration of landscape plants can make plants play a prominent and emphasized role in the theme of landscape architecture. The arrangement of garden plants can soften the monotonous, straight and stiff hard line of garden buildings, break the rigidity of buildings, enrich the composition of garden buildings and make the landscape of garden buildings rich and changeable.

Different styles of gardens should choose different garden plant configurations. For example, the garden plants in temples and cemeteries should be able to reflect their solemn scenes, and more plants such as pine and cypress should be selected and planted in rows in front of the building or in the courtyard alone; The arrangement of garden plants in the exhibition hall should be coordinated with its shape and function. Considering the structure, shape and theme of the exhibition hall, the choice of plants should be consistent with it; Garden plants around the teahouse should choose flowering shrubs such as osmanthus with rich colors; Before the waterside pavilion, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Taxodium ascendens, weeping willows, etc. The most common choice is waterproof and moisture-proof.

3.4.2 Combination of Garden Plants and Rock Water Although Rock Water is the skeleton of natural landscape, it should also be decorated with garden plants. In urban landscape, the importance of plant materials to rockery can not be ignored. The bare rockery has no vitality and seasonal changes, such as embellishing some garden plants such as moss, grass and pine, which can increase the vitality of the rockery; Garden water can have life only if it is combined with garden plants. Garden plants can not only purify water, but also enrich the space and color of water. Commonly used aquatic plants are lotus, water lily, Wang Lian and barracuda.

3.4.3 Combination of Garden Plants and Garden Roads Roadsides are usually covered with trees, turf or other plants. The path is paved with stones or stepping stones in the grass, and garden trees are planted beside the winding road, which can be used as a necessary line of sight to divide the space.

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