What material is clay made of and how is it made?

The method of making clay is as follows:

1. Prepare enough starch, flour, glue, dyes or markers.

2. The main ingredients are starch and flour, and the ratio is 2: 1, which can be arranged according to your actual needs.

3. Take two portions of starch and one portion of flour, and adjust the weight at any time.

4. Mix the three powders evenly, and pay attention to crushing the particles.

5. Pour the mixture into the glue and stir evenly according to the steps of kneading dough.

6. Knead repeatedly. This step is very important.

7, random concave shape, the color part of the color stroke can be removed and reused.

During the winter vacation, my parents and I went out to play and happened to see a shop that specializes in painting with mud. All kinds of paintings are so beautiful that I am attracted. I chose a lovely white rabbit to learn from my aunt in the shop.

Aunt brought a white drawing board and gave me a pile of paints. I chose a favorite pink as the base and blue-green as the grass, and then painted them all evenly with a brush. Then I began to make a white rabbit out of clay. I chose a bright yellow dress for it, and my aunt gave me a big piece of mud to pull back and forth to prevent the air from making it ugly. Then I rolled it into long strips and rolled it back and forth with a rolling pin. Then cover the little skirt like a bag of jiaozi. Similarly, I made the face, hands and feet of a white rabbit. After I finished, I also made some carrots that little white rabbits like to eat, and made a rainbow of seven colors in the sky. Finally, I added some sequins with a flash pen, and a painting was finished. My aunt praised me for being careful and beautiful.

Recently, I am fascinated by ultra-light clay and always play with my mother after dinner every day.

Ultra-light clay has many colors. You can squeeze out what you like, such as small animals and plants, or you can squeeze out what you imagine.

At first, my mother looked up some pictures of small animals made of clay on the Internet. She chose a deer to do the same thing and I chose a ladybug to do the same thing. I didn't expect it to be much better than my mother's deer! I don't want to mention how happy I am. Every night, I have to pester my mother who is a model worker to knead mud with me, and my skills have improved a lot at once.

Penguin, lion, elephant, panda ... vivid works were born from my hands! My classmate Zhu Xiaowan saw the clay sculpture made by my mother and me on my mother's QQ and said enviously, "I really want one!" " "When I knew, I thought: Now is the time for me to show my talents! Then what should I pinch? By the way, this year is the year of the horse, and I want to make her a pony.

This is for others to see, and there can be no mistakes. If I can't do it well, others will look down on me! That's what I did, and I started to do it seriously.

I pictured a pony in my mind. First, I take out some brown clay and knead it into a circle. Then I take out some pink clay and knead it into a semicircle. Together, it becomes an egg-shaped horse's head. Then I poke my nose and mouth on the pink clay with a tool. Then I made a pair of eyes and ears, and the head was finished.

Next it's time to pinch your body and legs. I wanted to stand the pony on four legs. Later, when I had a brainwave and wanted to innovate, I put my legs sideways, and the horse made a prone movement, which not only allowed it to be placed firmly on the table, but also reflected its naughty power.

In order to make this pony look more lovely, I specially added a saddle to it with green and blue clay.

Finally, I pinched the mane and tail with orange and yellow clay respectively and put them on the pony.

In this way, a naughty and lovely pony dressed in fashion appeared in front of everyone! After seeing it, my mother couldn't help admiring: "This horse is cute. I want to take a photo to commemorate it!" " "When I brought this pony to school and gave it to Zhu Xiaowan, she was so happy that she kept smiling.

Teacher Cao, who works in my mother's office, saw it and praised me for doing well. She also assigned me a task-kneading a set of clay sculptures of the Chinese zodiac.

This is a big challenge! But I'm not afraid. After three nights of hard work, I finally got the zodiac.

Teacher Cao praised me for being great after seeing it, which made me more energetic.

Guys, join the ultra-light clay DIY team quickly! It can not only develop your imagination, but also make your little hands more dexterous! ...

The process of making small snails with ultra-light clay 300 words entered the computer room, only to find that it was a little different from usual: there were no more dense numbers above the whiteboard, but many cardboard cards were buckled with magnetic buttons, and the words "little engineer" were carefully drawn with colored pens to form a curved circle.

A strange teacher looked at us with a smile. Are there any activities today? We can't wait to sit down.

When everyone was quiet, the teacher said, "Today, I will give you a lesson. I want to introduce you to a new friend.

"Say that finish, she uncovered a piece of paper covering the whiteboard.

"Wow!" Everyone exclaimed! I saw-Babu, an engineer in blue overalls, a portable toolbox and a yellow helmet, smiling at us! "Babu engineer is a little busy recently and wants everyone to paint his home with a color reversal tool.

Let me show you a previous work of chin cloth for your reference.

"The teacher said, and operated the computer and" changed "some pictures for us.

"Well, you can open the computer map and draw his house! Start to be a happy painter! If you finish, you can look at each other. There are rewards for doing well! " The teacher said, while patrolling back and forth ... Seeing that many students had finished speaking, the teacher picked up a pile of red paper from the podium and shouted, "Certificate of merit!" Before the students could speak. Some students saw the reward and their eyes lit up. They stared at the pile of red paper and rubbed their hands, eager to try.

It's time to award prizes.

Although my deskmate didn't study well, the computer slipped back and finally got the certificate. When I saw the words "excellent engineer" printed on it, my nose was so beautiful that it almost came out.

Some students didn't get the commendation certificate, and they were very angry, as if they were making up their minds: "I must practice hard!" " "Then, the teacher took us to practice various color inversion tools, so that everyone could modify their own works. Finally, the students who didn't get the certificate were given badges with the word "excellent". I'm so happy! After class, we are all very happy. Some people talk about their awards, others talk about their works.

Looking at the excited expressions of my classmates, I was thinking, this class is really rewarding! I like the lesson "Harvest".

I am a pile of dirt. Maybe you will think that I am broad and heavy, maybe you will think that I am ordinary and simple, and now you may think that I am just a pile of rotten soil. But I don't care about these comments. I only hope to raise everything silently and benefit mankind. I am the soil on the lawn. No matter spring, summer, autumn and winter, I am not afraid of cold or heat. I stayed there all the time, because at that time I knew that I existed not only for myself, but also for the grass that needed soil badly. Someone watered the grass, and the water flowed to me. Then I riveted my strength and released all the nutrients to the grass, hoping that he could thrive. In summer, children usually like to play on this lawn. Look! How happy they are! I can't tell you how happy I am. I am extremely proud to think that I have provided a place for these children to play. I was so proud that I forgot the pain when they stepped on me. Because I know that my existence has brought endless happiness to those children. As long as they are happy, what do I sacrifice? I am the soil in the garden. Because of me, it seems that colorful flowers are so gorgeous. When people come to the garden to praise colorful flowers, although I am often ignored and neglected by people, I never complain, but I always do my duty to nourish and care for new life. I am the dirt in the flowerpot. Although I have only one life, I still try my best to do my duty and care. I won't neglect my work at all because I just gave birth to a life. I am the dust on campus. Although I can't play any role on campus, when those students play on the playground and see their happy appearance, I feel that my existence is meaningful and brings happiness and happiness to more people. .......................................................................................................

Making ultra-light clay dolphins is often familiar. It is an animal in the ocean.

It is said that it is smarter than a gorilla! Dolphins are generally about 1~2 meters long.

It is black and looks bright, only its belly is silver-gray.

The tail is fan-shaped and can swing up and down.

There are two fins on the lower side of the body for swimming with the water.

The mouth is prominent and very sharp.

A pair of big black and watery eyes are embedded in her face, which is very cute and sparkling.

Dolphins are very clever.

Although it looks heavy, it is very agile! It can jump up and take the ball 2~3 meters above its head, and it can also carry people swimming at an extremely fast speed. Some of them can even do somersaults like the Monkey King! When you meet someone, it will raise its tail and swing back and forth to greet you, and it will also raise its head and nod to you.

The most amazing thing is that you will jump out of the water in groups of three and five, and then plop into the water. Although the speed is fast, it is very neat and orderly, just like several excellent divers.

Dolphins are called "lifeguards at sea".

Whenever you see something floating on the water, it will save it, and the board is no exception.

There have been cases of "dolphins saving lives" in the world. Dolphins safely escorted the people on the wrecked ship to the coast.

And it also loves to "try to be brave" in the ocean. Whenever it sees a big fish bullying a small fish, it will fight with the big fish.

Composition of ceramics Ceramics is the general term for pottery and porcelain.

China people invented pottery as early as about 8000-2000 BC (Neolithic Age).

Ceramic materials are mainly oxides, nitrides, borides and carbides.

Common ceramic materials are clay, alumina, kaolin and so on.

Ceramic materials generally have high hardness, but poor plasticity.

Besides the use of utensils and decorations, it also plays an important role in the development of science and technology.

Ceramic raw materials are the earth's original resources, clay, which is quenched.

Clay is tough, plastic when it meets water at room temperature, slightly dry and grindable; Fired to 700 degrees, pottery can hold water; It will be porcelain when it is burned to 1230 degrees, and it will not absorb water at all, and it is resistant to high temperature and corrosion.

In today's culture and technology, its flexibility of use still has various creative applications.

In Gorky's works, Haiyan is a symbol of courage. It is always fearless in storms, but it is braver.

Reading, I thought of myself.

Once when I was doing my homework, a math problem gave me a red light. I've been thinking hard for a long time, and I don't have a solution.

Ask dad, it makes no difference whether you ask or not, because he only has one sentence: "Go back to your room and think about it yourself!" " "So why not ask him?

I am teaching myself, but I am afraid I will waste too much time.

I have a good idea: "Go to school early tomorrow and copy my classmates' homework while the teacher is away." "

When I got to school the next day, many students worked out the problem.

Looking at their smiling faces of success, I can't wait to find a crack in the ground.

The penguins in Haiyan hid in panic in the storm. They can't enjoy and experience the happiness brought by the storm. Only Haiyan was immersed in the storm, and only Haiyan was shouting, "Let the storm come more violently!" " In contrast, I am a timid penguin, unable to understand the success and joy brought by my own thinking.

Haiyan flying in the sky seems to say to me, "Have confidence in yourself and come on!" I also silently said to myself: "I want to change myself!" " "Think about those scientists. Edison, the greatest inventor in the 20th century, has more than 1000 inventions, which everyone envies.

Edison's invention of light bulb is a very great invention.

Spring has arrived, and the lovely swallow has returned to the north.

Swallow has a pair of long wings, a tail like a pair of scissors, and a black back, just like wearing a beautiful black satin coat.

Swallows feed on pests. As long as they find pests, their keen eyes will flap their long wings and rush like arrows, opening their flat and wide mouths and eating them.

Swallows like to nest under the eaves or beams of other people's houses. They choose the lower clay turned up in the field or mud balls excreted by earthworms as building materials, wet the clay or mud balls with saliva, and add some grass clippings to build the ground piece by piece.

Then, put the soft grass and soft fluff in the nest like half a teacup.

In this way, a warm and comfortable home was built.

Swallows are hardworking. They eat tens of thousands of pests a year, which is of great help to human beings.

Lovely swallow, we humans will take good care of you.

When spring comes, small migratory birds like swallows will return to the north.

Swallow has a pair of long wings, a tail like a pair of scissors, and a black back, just like wearing a beautiful black satin coat.

Swallows feed on pests. As long as they find pests, their keen eyes will flap their long wings and rush like arrows, opening their flat and wide mouths and eating them.

Swallows like to nest under the eaves or beams of other people's houses. They choose the lower clay turned up in the field or mud balls excreted by earthworms as building materials, wet the clay or mud balls with saliva, and add some grass clippings to build the ground piece by piece.

Then, put the soft grass and soft fluff in the nest like half a teacup.

In this way, a warm and comfortable home was built.

Swallows are hardworking. They eat tens of thousands of pests a year, which is of great help to human beings.

Lovely swallow, we humans will take good care of you.

B Coconut is a tropical light-loving crop, which grows well under the conditions of high temperature, rainy, sunny and sea breeze.

It is required that the average annual temperature of coconut is above 24-25℃ when flowering, and the temperature difference is small, and it can blossom and bear fruit normally without frost all year round, and the optimum growth temperature is 26-27℃.

If the average temperature of a month in a year is 18℃, its output will drop obviously. If the average temperature is lower than 15℃, it will cause flower drop, fruit drop and yellow leaves.

The water condition should be above annual rainfall 1500-2000mm, which is evenly distributed, but it can grow well in areas with abundant underground water sources or irrigation, with annual rainfall of 600-800mm；; Drought affects coconut yield for 2-3 years, and long-term water accumulation will also affect coconut growth and yield.

Coconut is suitable for growing at low altitude, and Hainan Island in China can grow well below 150-200m.

The suitable soils are alluvial land in Haidian and alluvial soil along the river bank, followed by sandy loam, gravelly soil and clay.

The groundwater level is required to be 1.0-2.5m, and clay and swamp soil with poor drainage are not suitable for planting.

As far as soil fertility is concerned, it is required to be rich in potassium fertilizer.

Soil PH can be 5.2-8.3, but 7.0 is the most suitable.

Coconut has strong wind resistance, and strong winds of 6-7 have only a slight impact on its growth and yield.

A typhoon of magnitude 8-9 can blow off several leaves and tear up leaflets.

Strong typhoons above 10- 12 do serious harm to coconuts.

Conditions are right. Coconut begins to bear fruit in the same year after planting, and the peak period is 15- 18, with 40-80 coconuts per plant, 100 or more, and the economic life is over 80 years.

The number of leaves that coconut trees grow each year varies with the age of the trees. Before the wet season, it increased with the increase of tree age, and decreased slightly after the wet season, but it remained unchanged.

At the seedling stage, about 3 leaves were removed, and no young trees 10- 13 were produced, but young trees 14- 15 and mature trees 13 were produced.

With the aging of plants, the number of leaves produced each year is correspondingly reduced.

Within a year, due to the change of seasons, the number of leaves per month has also changed.

The number of buds extracted from young fruit trees is less than that from adult trees, the former is 10.6 on average, and the latter is 12.

In a year, the number of buds germinated from May to June is the most, and11-65438+February is the least.

The inflorescence is called flowering when it is exposed 3.5 months after the flower bud is pulled out. It blooms the most in July-September, and the pistil in the flower bud is the most, and it is the least from June 165438+ 10 to March of the following year.

Coconut needs 12 months from fertilization to maturity.

[Edit this paragraph] Cultivation technique propagation: seed propagation is adopted.

Fully mature coconuts will germinate in more than two months as long as there are suitable temperature and humidity conditions.

The method of preparing nursery and accelerating germination is widely used in Hainan.

Select a semi-shaded, well-ventilated and well-drained environment, remove the roots of weeds, plow to a depth of 15-20cm, the width of the ditch is slightly wider than the width of the fruit, and bury the seeds one by one to two thirds at an angle of 45 with the bottom of the ditch.

When the bud length is 10- 15 cm, move the bud to a nursery with moderate shade, and pay attention to watering, drainage, weeding and fertilization.

Generally, it takes about a year, and the height is about 1 m, so it can be planted out of the nursery.

Management: after seedling protection and replanting, management should be strengthened, proper shading should be done in the early stage after planting, and water should be used to keep moisture. If there is any missing planting, replanting should be done in time.

1 year intertillage, ridging and intercropping twice, that is, February 1 1 time, and August-September intercropping 1 time.

With the growth of plants, a large number of air roots grow on trunks and stems, which can be used to cultivate soil and strengthen trees.

Coconut orchards can intercrop short-term crops, such as peanuts and beans.

It can cover life and improve the humidity in the garden, which is beneficial to the growth of young trees.

Coconut trees need full fertilizer, potassium fertilizer is the most, followed by nitrogen, phosphorus and chlorine fertilizer, but we must pay attention to balanced fertilization.

When coconut trees lack potassium, their stems are thin and their leaves are short. The leaves in the middle of the crown withered first, the upper leaves clustered downwards, and the lower leaves withered and hung down from the trunk. Under the condition of nitrogen deficiency, young leaves lose their green and luster, old leaves age in different degrees and yield decreases. Phosphorus deficiency will lead to poor root development and excessive decay; Chlorine deficiency will affect the size of coconut, nitrogen absorption and water utilization of plants.

Therefore, when applying fertilizer, we should give priority to organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizer, and apply some salt.

Fertilization can be carried out in April-May and June1-65438+February every year, and the fertilization ditch is opened at the distance of 1.5-2 meters from the tree base, which has good effect.

If the sowing method is used, weed and loosen the soil comprehensively before fertilization.

[Edit this paragraph] Coconut varieties Coconut cultivation has a long history, and many types and varieties have been formed in long-term natural selection and artificial selection.

In recent years, from the perspective of cultivated varieties, it is considered that there are wild species and cultivated species, and cultivated species can be divided into high species, short species and hybrid species.

Introduction of improved coconut: This variety is the largest commercial coconut planted in the world at present. The plant is tall and stout, with a trunk diameter of 90- 120 cm and a tree height of more than 20m. The base of the stem is enlarged, which is called "gourd head".

The crown is round, semi-circular and Y-shaped, and consists of 30-40 leaves; The leaves are 5-6 meters long.

It bears fruit late, blooms and bears fruit 7-8 years after planting, and its economic life span is 60-80 years, and its natural life span is as long as 100 years.

Male and female are in the same order, with different flowering periods. First open male flowers, then female flowers, cross pollination.

All plants are heterozygotes.

Coconut is relatively large, and desiccated coconut has a high quality rate.

The output of desiccated coconut is1-1.5t/ha.

1. According to the color difference between leaves and fruits, high-grade coconuts can be divided into red coconuts and green coconuts.

According to the fruit shape and volume, high-grade coconuts can be divided into three types: large round fruit, medium round fruit and small round fruit.

(1) big round fruit: fruit circumference is 70-90cm, single fruit weight is 2.4-3. 1kg, coconut weight is 0.49-0.63kg, coconut water weight is 0.74- 1. 15kg, and coconut shell weight is 0.32. ..

The yield per plant is low.

This is rare in higher species.

(2) Medium round fruit: the circumference of the fruit is 60-70 cm, the weight of a single fruit is 1.87-2.0 kg, the weight of coconut meat is 0.39-0.42 kg, the weight of coconut is 0.4 1-0.45 kg, the weight of coconut shell is 0.24-0.26 kg, and the fruit is round and oval.

The yield is medium, which is the largest among high-grade coconuts.

(3) Small round fruit: fruit circumference is 50-60 cm, fruit weight is 1- 1.5 kg, coconut meat weight is 0.25-0.30 kg, and coconut water weight is 0.55 kg.

Fruits are round and oval.

High yield and small quantity.

2. The special type of high-species coconut: (1) male tree (male and female sterility), also known as super dominant male tree: characterized by incomplete feather splitting of coconut leaves.

4-5 leaflets are bonded together. Leaflets are about 7 cm wide (normal 4-5 cm), leaves are 400 cm long (normal 450-500 cm), and inflorescences are 70-90 cm (normal 1 10- 120 cm). There are many males and few females. ...

Please indicate the source for reprinting. What material is clay made of and how is it made?