Young apple trees are best adapted to which solar term pruning in winter.

10. Heavy snow in winter from solstice (65438+February)

10. 1 The phenological characteristics of "heavy snow" appeared on February 7-8 of 12. "Nine days cold, the shortest day, the longest night. After the "winter solstice", the days get longer and the nights get shorter. At this point, the fruit tree has entered a dormant period. At low temperature, the physiological activities of fruit trees are weakened, but various physiological activities are still carried out in the trees, such as respiration, root absorption and synthesis, further bud differentiation and nutrient transformation. The dormancy period of apples takes 50-60 days.

10.2 management point

1) The formula of whitening agent for trunk coating is: water 10, 3 parts of quicklime, 0.5 part of solid sulfur mixture and salt, and a little of animal and vegetable oil and rabbit manure. Melt the hot water first, then dilute it with cold water, and stir it evenly before use. Method of daubing: Only daub the trunk and base of big branches, not the branches and buds. Painting the trunk white can not only prevent freezing and sunburn, but also prevent rabbits from biting the bark.

2) When it snows heavily when returning to the garden, clean up the snow inside and outside the garden and on the road, and transport it to the orchard by car, which can prevent or alleviate the spring drought and freezing injury.

Section VI Technical Points of Apple's 24 Solar Terms Management

1 1. Slight cold and severe cold (65438+ 10 month)

The phenological characteristics of 1 1. 1 The slight cold appeared on May 7th, 65438+1with a cold climate. This month is from February 9 to the end of May 9, which is the coldest period of the year. The earth froze and the fruit trees went into a dormant state. Most of the nutrients accumulated by fruit trees are concentrated in trunk and underground strong roots. The bound water content in the body is the highest, and it has strong frost resistance and drought resistance. The advantages of pruning fruit trees this month are less nutrient loss and no bleeding, which is not conducive to the invasion of cutting saws.

1 1.2 management point

1 1.2. 1 The basic requirement of plastic trimming is to continue to adhere to the "major modification" standard of trimming in winter. All the transformed apple trees should be further improved and improved. When pruning, the combination of "thinning" and "slowing" should be adopted, leaving upper branches, straight branches, flat branches and weak branches. Cultivate more uniaxial extension branches and loose branches hanging on both sides, and allocate more fruiting branches to increase production and improve quality as soon as possible. All orchards with excessive density and irregular tree shape should still adhere to the "big transformation". The objects of pruning in winter are mainly young trees, weak mature trees and medium trees. Some flowers that are difficult to shape, their vigorous branches can be postponed to the germination stage, which is beneficial to slow-growing flowers.

1 1.2.2) The main target tree shape of the reform is 1) The slender spindle shape is mainly suitable for dwarf apple orchards with 66-83 plants (2.5-2m×4m) planted in 667m2. Tree structure: the height of the tree is 2.5-3m, and the dry height is 90- 100cm. The whole tree has 14- 15 small main branches arranged in a spiral shape. Adjacent spacing 15-20cm, ipsilateral spacing of 40-50cm, and small main branch base angle of 90- 100. The thickness of the small main branch is approximately equal to 1/3 of the central trunk. The branches are short up and down, slightly longer in the middle, and the longest is 1.2- 1.5m, showing a spindle shape. Each small main branch is equipped with 1 medium branchlet group every 25cm. 2) The improved spindle shape (also called compound tree shape) is mainly suitable for 667m2 Qiaohua Garden with 42-45 plants (3-4m×4m). Tree structure: The height of the tree is about 3m, and the height of the trunk is 70-90cm. There are three main branches in the lower layer, and the bottom angle is about 70. There are 7-9 small main branches in the upper layer, and the base angle is 95-. 100. Each main branch is equipped with 1 small and medium-sized drooping branches at intervals of about 25cm. The adjacent spacing of each main branch is about 20cm, and the spacing on the same side is 40-50cm. The lower layer of this tree is a small crown and sparse base, and the upper layer is a slender spindle-shaped head, so it is also called a compound tree. 1 1.2.3 Main methods of major modifications

1) refinement. All apple orchards with more than 667m2 100 plants should be dug every 1 or 1 to reduce the dwarf apple orchards to 55-83 plants per mu and the Qiao Huaping orchard to 33-55 plants per mu. When the frozen layer is difficult to dig in winter, it can be postponed until the earth thaws. 2) get to work. That is, the height of the trunk is raised and the lower main branches are thinned. Every year, 1-2 main branches should be thinned and gradually put in place year by year, so as to open the "bottom light".

3) thinning branches. It is mainly to remove the dense and thick branches of the central trunk to open the "side light".

4) Reduce crown width. For extended branches with long main branches, use big branches instead of small branches and side branches instead of main branches. For the big lateral branches on the main branch, the weak ones are strong and the short ones are replaced by the long ones. Make the width between rows reach about 1m to facilitate ventilation and light transmission. The cutting method of "stretching, stretching, shrinking and hiding" can be adopted between plants, so that the branches can cross about 30cm reasonably.

5) willing to fall. Any medium-sized tree with a height of more than 3m can be put in place with a happy head. People with too strong brains should be happier every year. Leave heel branches under the cutting mouth. If you are happy, you can turn on the "dome light" and pull in the light.

6) Treat the wound in time. It is best not to stay overnight when dealing with the cutting incision. For wounds with a diameter of about 1 cm, healing agent or sealing oil, fruit tree health, 843 healing agent, etc. can be applied. For extra-large wounds, soft mud with a thickness of 1cm can be applied first, and then tightly wrapped with plastic, and the healing rate can reach 100%.

1 1.2.4 The fallen leaves, rotten fruits and branches on the orchard floor should be thoroughly cleaned, burned or buried deeply. 12. It rains in early spring (February)

The phenological feature "beginning of spring" of 12. 1 appeared on February 3-5, and spring has begun. In February 19-22, it began to rain. This month is mostly from May 9th to August 9th. There is a proverb that says "Look at the willows by the river in June and July". It shows that the temperature began to rise and the vegetation began to sprout. The fruit tree root system has entered the initial stage of 1 growth peak. This tree has also entered the primary stage of germination. 12.2 management point

12.2. 1 Continue pruning. Any uncut orchard should be pruned in time. Dressing method is the same as 1 month. At this time, it is the best time to prune the trees whose flowers are difficult to shape, which is conducive to suppressing prosperity and promoting flowers.

12.2.2 Continue to clear the garden. All orchards that have not been cleaned up or are not thoroughly cleaned up should continue to be cleaned up.

12.2.3 The hilltop period is in the hilltop period in late February, and vegetables can be raked on the treetops to loosen the soil, break the hardening and conserve moisture.

12.2.4 Continue to apply base fertilizer. For apple orchards that did not apply base fertilizer last year, it is necessary to pay close attention to applying base fertilizer after thawing the soil.

12.2.5 Early irrigation of germinated water generally irrigates orchards when it freezes at night and disappears during the day to prevent spring drought.

12.2.6 to prevent "cold in spring", apples can be sprayed with plant antifreeze or amino acid foliar fertilizer, frost Di Feng, etc. In late February, the cold resistance of fruit trees in late February and March can be enhanced.