Agricultural knowledge and taboos 202 1 Xiao Shu

The summer heat is the eleventh of the twenty-four solar terms. It starts on July 7 or 8 and ends on July 22 or 23. At this time, it was around the first night. The arrival of the slight summer heat marks that most parts of our country have entered the high temperature season. There is a saying in the farmer's proverb that "a little summer is accompanied by a big summer, and there is nowhere to hide in the hot summer." The following are my agricultural knowledge and taboos about 202 1 summer heat, welcome to read!

Xiao Shu's agricultural knowledge

Before and after the summer heat, agricultural production was mainly busy with field management except winter and spring wheat harvesting in Northeast China and Northwest China. Early rice is in the late filling stage, and early-maturing varieties should be harvested before the heat, and the field should be kept dry, moist and dry. Mid-season rice has entered booting stage at jointing stage, so it should be topdressing panicle fertilizer according to its growth situation to promote large panicle and more grains. The single-season late rice is tillering, so tillering fertilizer should be applied as soon as possible.

The second night seedlings should be well protected against pests and diseases, and "marriage fertilizer" should be applied 5-7 days before planting. "It's hot in summer, and the cotton keeps pruning." In most cotton areas, cotton began to blossom and boll, and its growth was the most vigorous. At the same time, old leaves should be pruned and raked in time to coordinate the distribution of nutrients in plants, enhance ventilation and light transmission, improve the microclimate of the population and reduce the shedding of buds and bolls. High temperature in midsummer is the season when aphids, red spiders and other pests flourish, and timely prevention and control of pests and diseases is another important link in field management. "

Since the beginning of summer, the plum rains in the Jianghuai Valley have ended one after another, and the vast areas north of Huaihe River and Qinling Mountain in eastern China have begun to come from the southeast of the Pacific Ocean.

In the summer monsoon and rainy season, the precipitation increases obviously and the rainfall is relatively concentrated; South China, Southwest China and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are also in the southwest monsoon rainy season from the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea. However, under the control of subtropical high, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are generally hot and rainy, with frequent droughts in summer, which has a great impact on agricultural production. It is very important to store water as soon as possible to prevent drought. An agricultural proverb says, "Rain on a rainy day is rice in a pot". Although the precipitation brought by thunderstorms, tropical storms or typhoons at this time is very beneficial to the growth of crops such as rice, it sometimes has adverse effects on dry crops and vegetables such as cotton and soybeans.

In some years, the cold air force in the north is still strong before and after the slight summer heat, and it is evenly matched with the warm air in the south in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, leading to frontal thunderstorms. Xiao Xia Yi Lei, hang Huangmei upside down. Thundershowers in summer are often the weather information of "Huangmei hanging upside down", which indicates that the rain belt will stay in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River for some time.

Trees are shady and summer is hot. The average temperature in southern China is around 26℃ in light summer, which is already midsummer and quite hot, but it has not yet reached the hottest time. In mid-July all the year round, in the low-altitude valley area of southeastern South China, the concentration period of daily average temperature higher than 30℃ and daily maximum temperature higher than 35℃ can begin to appear, which is not conducive to heading and flowering of hybrid rice. In addition to fully considering this factor in the layout in advance, corresponding remedial measures should be taken for those that have been planted. In the northern part of the northwest plateau, frost and snow can still be seen at this time, which is equivalent to the scene of early spring in South China.

Around the summer, the western part of South China enters the season with the most rainstorm, and the number of rainstorm days in July and August can account for more than 75% of the whole year, usually about 3 days. Mountain torrents often occur in places with large relief, and even cause mudslides. However, in the eastern part of South China, due to the frequent control of subtropical high, the weather is sunny and hot, and after experiencing a slight summer heat, it began to enter the summer drought period. The climatic characteristics of drought in the east and waterlogging in the west in most parts of southern China have a great relationship with agricultural abundance and waterlogging, so we must take measures to ensure the harvest of drought and waterlogging as soon as possible to minimize the harm.

Around the summer heat, most of southern China entered the season with the most thunderstorms. Thunderstorm is a disastrous weather phenomenon, often accompanied by strong winds, heavy rain and sometimes hail, which is easy to cause disasters and must be prevented.

What are the taboos of summer solar terms?

South wind is the most taboo in summer.

The expressions of "southerly wind in summer, drought in summer" and "thunder in summer, breaking the polder in summer" mean that when the south wind blows in summer, it won't rain in summer, and when it thunders in summer, there will be floods to break the polder, so we should pay attention to flood control and waterlogging prevention.

Jiangnan, the agricultural proverb says: "Xiao Xia Lei, Huang Mei returns;" Pour Huangmei for eighteen days. " There is a saying in Jiangsu, avoid southwest wind in a small summer day. The agricultural proverb "Southwest wind, three cars don't move" means tanker, cotton gin and rice mill windmill, which means that there are many opportunities for southwest wind and southeast wind to meet around the summer, and the main year is not good, crops fail, and windmills, rollers and tankers don't move.

It is forbidden to sit on wood in summer.

There is also a folk saying: "Don't sit on stones in winter, and don't sit on trees in summer." Statement. After the summer heat, the temperature is high and the humidity is high. Wood placed in the open air for a long time, such as chairs and stools, contains more water when exposed to rain, and the surface looks dry. However, when exposed to the sun and the temperature rises, it will emit moisture, and sitting on it for a long time will induce diseases such as hemorrhoids, rheumatism and arthritis. Therefore, especially middle-aged and elderly people, we must be careful not to sit on the wood placed in the open air for a long time.

Xiao Ji Shu lengshui bathing

Taking a bath in cold water is the favorite way for many young and middle-aged men to cool off, but the weather is hot in summer, and people's pores and muscles are in a state of venting. Therefore, cold air can easily invade the human body, leading to the loss of yang. There are visible symptoms such as cold hands and feet, hamstring twitching, blurred vision in both eyes, and even unexplained fever syndrome. At the same time, even if you take a hot bath, you should pay attention to shelter from the wind after taking a bath, especially for children.

Avoid drinking tea on an empty stomach in summer.

Excessive drinking of tea, especially on an empty stomach, can easily lead to consumption of yang. If you are a salty person, the salty taste will cause tea to enter the kidney, extinguish the kidney yang of the lower jiao, and make people prone to joint pain due to hand and foot pain, and diarrhea, impotence, dysmenorrhea and other diseases due to deficiency and cold of the lower jiao. Therefore, drinking tea in summer should be two or three cups after meals, and stop drinking immediately when you are hungry.

Old people should not practice dog days in summer.

"Winter March 9th, Xia San Day" is the experience summarized by predecessors in the long-term exercise process. Exercise in cold weather can increase the body's resistance to cold evil; Exercising in hot weather can improve people's heat resistance and make the body better adapt to the hot natural climate. But for the elderly, it is not appropriate to emphasize "summer dog days" blindly.

The organ function of the elderly declines, and the water in the body is about 15% less than that of the young people, so the heat resistance is poor, and heatstroke is prone to occur in high temperature weather. In addition, after the elderly exercise in hot weather, it is easy to induce severe diseases such as cerebral thrombosis and myocardial infarction. Therefore, the elderly should not exercise in dog days.

When the temperature is 30℃ ~ 33℃ in summer, the elderly should reduce the amount of exercise, and it is best not to exercise for more than half an hour in the morning. When the maximum temperature is higher than 35℃, the elderly should stop all activities and keep adequate drinking water; At the same time, some conventional heatstroke prevention drugs, such as Ren Dan, Shidishui, cooling oil, Huoxiang Zhengqi water, etc. , should be stored in the side.

What's the difference between a little summer heat and a big summer heat?

Summer, fighting refers to Xin. The eleventh day of the twenty-four solar terms, when the sun reaches 105 on July 7 or 8 every year, is a slight summer heat; Summer is hot, a little summer is a little hot, that is, the weather is getting hot, but it is not the hottest yet, which is basically the case in most parts of the country. At this point, it is already around the beginning. Crops all over the country have entered a vigorous growth period, and it is necessary to strengthen field management.

In the summer heat, dou refers to one of the 24 solar terms of C. Every year between July 22nd and 24th, the sun reaches longitude 120. At this time, it is the hottest period of the year, with the highest temperature and the fastest growth of crops, and droughts, floods and windstorms are the most frequent in most areas. It is very important to grab crops and seeds, prevent drought and drainage, and manage fields. In many places in the Yangtze River basin, high temperatures of 40 degrees Celsius often occur at this time. Do a good job in heatstroke prevention and cooling.

In ancient China, the summer heat was divided into three periods: "First, it was warm and windy; Second, wait for crickets to live in space; The third waiting eagle began to crow. " In summer, there is no cool wind on the earth, and all the winds carry heat waves; The words describing crickets in the Book of Songs in July are "Wild July, August, September at home, October in bed."

August mentioned in this paper is June in the summer calendar, which is a short time in summer. Because of the heat, crickets leave the field and go to the corner of the yard to escape the heat. In this solar term, the eagle is in the cool high air movement, because the ground temperature is too high.

The ancient summer heat in China is divided into three periods: "Rotten grass is firefly; Second, wait for the soil to moisten and cool off the heat; It will be fine when it rains. " There are more than 2000 species of fireflies in the world, which are divided into aquatic and terrestrial species. Terrestrial fireflies lay eggs on hay, and when it is hot, fireflies ovulate, so the ancients thought fireflies were made of rotten grass. The second weather is that the weather becomes sultry and the land is wet. The third kind of weather is frequent thunderstorm, which weakens the heat and humidity, and the weather begins to transition to beginning of autumn.

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