On the environmental impact of water conservancy and hydropower projects and its countermeasures?

Water conservancy and hydropower projects usually do not directly produce pollution problems, belonging to pollution-free ecological projects, and their impact target is mainly the regional ecological environment. The environmental impact area of water conservancy and hydropower projects can generally be divided into reservoir area, dam construction area and dam downstream area. The environmental impact of the reservoir area mainly comes from reservoir flooding and resettlement, as well as the change of reservoir hydrological conditions. The most important and most affected factors are usually biodiversity, water quality, water temperature, environmental geology, landscape, population health, soil erosion, land use, social economy and other factors, and the affected nature is mostly unfavorable; The environmental impact in the downstream area of the dam mainly comes from the change of hydrological situation caused by dam storage. The main factors affected are hydrology, river regime, water temperature, water quality, aquatic organisms, wetland resources, estuary ecological environment, social economy and so on. The nature of the impact has advantages and disadvantages, and the impact time is generally long-term. The scope of influence varies with regional characteristics, and sometimes it can be extended to estuaries. Some impacts of water conservancy and hydropower projects on the environment are inevitable, and some can be avoided or reduced by taking certain measures. Environmental management of water conservancy and hydropower projects is an effective way to avoid or reduce the adverse environmental impact of projects, and environmental monitoring can provide a basis for environmental management of projects. Therefore, the formulation of environmental management and monitoring plan for water conservancy and hydropower projects is an important part of project planning and design, which needs to be drawn up and listed in detail in the environmental impact report in the feasibility study stage of the project and the preliminary design of environmental protection in the preliminary design stage.

Analysis of specific problems of water conservancy and hydropower projects' impact on the environment

Because the reservoir is flooded, deforestation and land reclamation by immigrants in the reservoir area will cause soil erosion. Due to improper placement and changes in living environment, the unstable life of immigrants will produce some social problems. Under the condition of China's large population and small land, we should try our best to reduce the flood loss of reservoirs and take appropriate measures to use the land submerged only at high water level.

After the reservoir is filled with water, it may lead to bank collapse and induce an earthquake. In addition, the change of river regime has a potential impact on the water ecological environment under the dam and at the estuary. After the bank slope is flooded, the shear strength of rock mass decreases, and it may collapse due to instability when the water level of the reservoir drops. It will bring extremely unfavorable consequences to the normal construction and operation of the project.

After the reservoir is impounded, it will cause the groundwater level around the reservoir to rise, leading to land salinization and so on.

After the impoundment of the reservoir, due to the slow water flow, the dilution and diffusion ability of the water body is reduced, and the concentration of pollutants in the water body is increased, so that the tail of the reservoir and some reservoirs are prone to eutrophication.

After some reservoirs are filled with water, the water temperature structure changes, and stratification may occur, which is harmful to downstream crops.

Reservoir flooding will affect the living environment of terrestrial organisms; Dam construction will have a direct impact on aquatic organisms, especially migratory fish.

Countermeasures to reduce the impact of water conservancy and hydropower projects on the environment and promote the harmonious development between man and nature

Establish an environmental impact assessment system. Environmental impact assessment system refers to the engineering construction that may have an impact on the environment in a certain area. Before planning or other activities, investigate, predict and evaluate the environmental impact that its activities may cause to the surrounding areas, put forward countermeasures to prevent and control environmental pollution and destruction, and formulate corresponding plans. In the construction of water conservancy projects, the implementation of environmental impact assessment system is the main means to realize the synchronous development of economic construction, water conservancy construction and environmental construction. Water conservancy projects should not only carry out economic evaluation, but also carry out environmental impact assessment, scientifically analyze the possible environmental problems arising from development and construction activities, and put forward prevention measures. Through the environmental impact assessment, it can provide a basis for the rational location of water conservancy construction projects and prevent environmental damage caused by unreasonable layout. Before the construction of water conservancy projects, environmental conditions should be investigated first, and the local climate, hydrology, water quality, soil, aquatic organisms and population should be investigated. Secondly, according to the survey results, the environmental impact is predicted, and the possible impact of the proposed water conservancy project on local environmental energy is predicted, and the degree of impact is predicted. Finally, the comprehensive evaluation of the proposed water conservancy project construction is to evaluate the possible changes and changes of various elements and processes of the proposed project to the environment and social environment as a whole through certain principles and methods, thus providing a basis for the comparison and selection of schemes.

Integrate ecological environmental protection into all aspects of water conservancy construction projects. In the construction of water conservancy projects, ecological environmental protection should be integrated into all aspects of water conservancy construction projects. In the design stage of water conservancy project, we should create conditions for plant growth and animal habitat, provide conditions for fish to lay eggs, and provide habitats and shelters for birds and waterfowl based on the concept of harmonious development. In the stage of engineering construction, priority should be given to environmental protection technical measures, and in the construction of water conservancy projects, environmental protection materials conducive to plant growth and animal growth should be used. At the completion stage of water conservancy projects, the monitoring and feedback mechanism of environmental impact of water conservancy projects should be established, and environmental follow-up evaluation should be carried out in time. If obvious adverse effects are found, improvement measures should be taken in time to minimize the damage.

Establish and implement an ecological compensation mechanism as soon as possible. In order to prevent and reduce the damage of water conservancy projects to the economic and ecological balance in this area, an ecological compensation mechanism should be established and implemented as soon as possible. Because the construction of water conservancy projects has a great impact on the economy of this area, especially on the local ecological environment, it is difficult to give consideration to both ecology and economic development by relying on local capabilities. Therefore, in the construction of water conservancy projects, we should implement the ecological compensation mechanism, adhere to the principle of "whoever damages will compensate", and clarify the subject and scope of ecological compensation. In the process of water conservancy project construction, some funds should be reserved in the water conservancy project construction funds to compensate the local ecology, so as to improve the local ecological environment and promote the local ecological balance. It can be said that the construction of ecological compensation mechanism and restoration of ecological value is not only to alleviate the damage to the environment during the construction of water conservancy projects, but also to promote the local economic development, which is in line with the spirit of building a harmonious society.

abstract

The ecological impact of water conservancy projects is essentially the concrete embodiment of the relationship between man and nature in water conservancy. From the practical point of view of water conservancy, the basic nature of any water conservancy project should be ecological engineering. Water conservancy projects cannot change nature at the expense of destroying ecology, and protecting ecology is the proper meaning of water conservancy work. Establish and implement Scientific Outlook on Development, understand and deal with the ecological impact of water conservancy projects according to the concept of harmonious coexistence between man and nature, and realize the coordinated development of water conservancy projects and ecological environment.

For more information about project/service/procurement bidding, and to improve the winning rate, please click on the bottom of official website Customer Service for free consultation:/#/? source=bdzd