Eager to express one's feelings on the spot

Appreciation of Li Bai's Poems on the River

Jiangbai

On Mulan's boat, pipes are blown at both ends of the boat. There are thousands of guests in the wine, and prostitutes go with the flow.

The immortal in the Yellow Crane Tower is still waiting for the Yellow Crane to leave, but I have no heart to swim with Bai Ou on foot this time. Qu Ping's Ci hangs the sun and the moon, and Chu Wang's pavilion is empty.

As soon as I was happy, I put pen to paper and shook the five mountains. After the poem was written, the sound of Xiao Ao, Xiao Ao, went straight into the sea. If fame and wealth can be used in the Han River, I am afraid that the northwest will be fought back by the northwest.

Enjoy 1

This is an improvisational work. This poem shows the author's contempt for fame and fortune, his admiration for Qu Yuan's Ci and Fu, his conceit of his poetic talent, and his lofty mind and extraordinary interest.

The first four sentences describe the scene of prostitutes listening to songs and having fun by the river with wine in their hands. The boats and paddles used by poets are all made of precious exotic wood. At both ends of the boat, geisha are playing the flute. The poet, satiated with food and wine, listened to songs and laughed with joy, and let Lanzhou wander freely in the river. With gorgeous rhetoric and grandiose description, the poet created a rare atmosphere in the world, highlighted his wild and uninhibited mode, and expressed his strong desire to transcend the turbid reality and enter a free and beautiful world.

Combining local myths and historical allusions, the poet is floating for immortality and getting rid of fame and fortune, which is an affirmation and praise for boating on the river. The poet is boating on the river, free and happy, as if the fairy is just waiting to ride a yellow crane; Tao Ran forgot his plane, just like people on the seashore are playing Bai Ou. The images of "Yellow Crane" and "Bai Ou" are the externalization of the poet's carefree mood at this moment. These two sentences "Qu Ping's Ci and Fu" express the pursuit of the ideal realm of life. Qu Yuan's magnificent poems are like the sun and the moon hanging high, shining through the ages, while the luxurious pavilions and pavilions of the King of Chu have long since disappeared, leaving only a barren hill. Looking at the universe, the poet compares the two typical lifestyles of Qu Yuan and Wang Chu, revealing the historical law that fame and fortune cannot last long, but the great cause of articles can be immortal.

The last four sentences further deepen and develop the couplets of Qu Ping's Ci and Fu from both positive and negative aspects. The two sentences of "Xing Han" are based on Qu Ping's ci-fu, echoing Kaijiang's boating, and expressing a strong desire to immortalize ci. Poets have a strong interest in poetry, and when they put pen to paper, they are magnificent and invincible, which can shake mountains; After the completion of this poem, Li Zhuo proudly said that his broad mind could overwhelm the rivers and seas. The two heroic sentences show the author's high confidence in his literary talent, vividly depict the poet's manner of quenching thirst by drinking medicine and composing poems with distinct personality characteristics. In the last two sentences, the poet's enthusiasm and open-mindedness of "laughing but arrogant" is further concretized and visualized. The poet writes from the opposite side, using the impossible thing that the Han River flows westward to compare fame and fortune can not last long, strengthening the intensity of negation, including sharp ridicule and resolute contempt for the real society, and showing the poet's arrogant spirit of contempt for rulers and their dignitaries.

The whole poem is full of emotion, vivid and heroic. In particular, the combination of Qu Ping's Ci and Fu, which is free from vulgarity, alert and inspiring, is a famous sentence that has been passed down through the ages. Structurally, the first four sentences of this poem are memorable, the middle four sentences are allusions, the last four sentences are expressive, and the composition is scattered and unique. Wang Qi, a scholar of the Qing Dynasty, said, "Although this kind of composition is based on Yi Cai, it may not add a lot of dismal management, and it may not be beyond the reach of a hundred pieces of wine" (seven notes of The Complete Works of Li Taibai). Ideologically, on the one hand, the poet despises fame and fortune and wants to live forever like Qu Yuan, but the life of Yu Di Jinguan, who carries prostitutes and wine, described in the first four sentences is exactly what fame and fortune people are obsessed with. It reflects the contradiction with individual characteristics in Li Bai's thought.

climb the stairs

Du Fu

Flowers are close to tall buildings and far away from my hometown. I am very sad. There are disasters everywhere in this country, so I climbed up to see them.

The spring scenery of Jinjiang flooded in, and the clouds on the mountain, ancient, varied and changeable.

The imperial court, like the North Star, will not change in the end, and the Western Hills of Kohl will not invade Tibet.

However, in the twilight, I felt sorry for the sorrow of a long-lost emperor. I sang the songs that his prime minister sang when he was not unfamiliar on the mountain.

Precautions:

1, Jinjiang: In the south of Chengdu, Sichuan, a tributary of the Minjiang River, named after Jin Zhuo, Du Fu Cottage is near Jinjiang.

2, come to heaven and earth: come with heaven and earth.

Lei Yu: The name of the mountain is in the west of guanxian, Sichuan.

4. Changes from ancient times to modern times: changes from ancient times to modern times.

5. Arctic sentence: In October of the first year of Guangde (763), Tubo captured Chang 'an and made Li Chenghong, the Emperor of Guangwu, the emperor, living in Shaanxi (now Shaanxi County, Henan Province). Since then, Guo Ziyi has recovered its capital and turned the corner. The meaning of this sentence is that although Tubo is trapped in the capital, the court has never moved like the North Pole. North Pole: Beichen.

6. Xishan bandit: refers to Tubo. In the same year1February, Tubo fell into two new cities, Songsong, Uygur, Bao (both in Sichuan) and Yunshan, and later the states of Jiannan Xichuan also entered Tubo. It means that the court will not change slightly because of the intrusion. So Tubo should not invade each other.

7, "Fu Liangyin": Yuefu title. According to legend, Zhuge Liang lived in seclusion. However, the existing lyrics of Song of Songs are about Yan Ying's double peach killing three scholars, which seems to have nothing to do with Liang's state of mind when he lived in seclusion. Therefore, scholars are skeptical and think that Fu Liangyin is an ancient song. Another said that the singer was Du Fu himself. Publisher: Li Bai also wrote Lyrics of Fu Liang. "Chat" here means that Du Fu also wants to write this song as a gift.

Rhyme translation:

Going upstairs to look at the spring and seeing flowers and wanderers is getting more and more sad;

It is difficult for Wanfang to be full of worries. I'm here to board the plane.

The spring scenery of Jinjiang comes from the edge of heaven and earth;

Clouds in Lei Yu have been unpredictable since ancient times.

The court of Datang is really as unshakable as Polaris;

Tubo Yidimo came to harass the futile invasion again.

It's a pity that Liu was so stupid that he set up a temple to worship;

At dusk, I want to learn to sing like Fu Liang and chat like Kongming.

Comments:

This is a poem with a sense of time and concern for things. The author wrote about going upstairs to see the boundless spring scenery, and he couldn't help but feel sad when he thought of the once-in-a-lifetime and changeable situation. Then I think the imperial court is as unshakable as the Arctic constellation. Even if Tubo invades, it is difficult to change people's orthodoxy. Finally, it reveals the ambition of imitating Zhuge Liang to assist the court, which is full of the spirit of clarifying the world.

The whole poem is lyrical on the spot, describing the impression of climbing the building, pitching and overlooking the mountains and rivers, all from the perspective of space. The word "near" in the first sentence and the word "dusk" in the last sentence play a prominent role in the conception of poetry. "Flowers near tall buildings" is a close-up view, while "Jinjiang", "Lei Yu" and "Houzhu Temple" are prospects. Sunset points out that the poet has been wandering for a long time. This technique of giving consideration to time and space enhances the three-dimensional sense of poetic artistic conception and broadens the realm of poetry's broadness and boldness. Poetry has always been highly praised by poets for its rigorous meter and neat antithesis. Shen Deqian believes that "the beauty of heaven and the cage of the universe are the highest of Du Fu's poems."

Zhong Nanshan

Wang Wei

Its huge height is near Paradise City (1), from mountain to cape (2).

When I look back, the cloud is behind me; When I walked into the fog, it disappeared.

A central peak divides the wilderness and climate into many valleys.

As I needed a place to spend the night, I called a woodcutter on the river.

A: Scenery, clouds, exaggeration, intertextuality. The combination of dynamic and static is magnificent and picturesque, and the scenery loves nature and intoxicated with mountains and rivers.

Translation:

Mount Zhongnan is tall and majestic, almost close to the sky, and the mountains are connected with the ends of the earth. Looking back at the large white clouds that have just retreated to both sides, the faint blue fog has become a hazy fantasy realm. The middle peak is tall and majestic, and it has become a dividing line. There is a great difference between cloudy days and sunny days. It's getting late and I want to find someone to stay, so I have to ask the woodcutter across the water.

Difficult notes: ① Taiyi: the main peak of Zhong Nanshan, another name for Zhong Nanshan, is about 40 miles south of Chang 'an, Tang Jing. It starts from Tianshui, Gansu Province in the west and reaches Shanxian County, Henan Province in the east, stretching for more than 800 miles. Tiandu: Because Taiyi is the best place in the cave, it is called Tiandu, or Chang 'an, Tang Dou. 2 lianshan sentence: the mountain is connected with the cape. The two poems are intertextual. That is, "white clouds look into nothing and look back; When I walked into the fog, they had disappeared. Look back. ".White clouds, white fog. Green haze is also fog, lighter than white clouds. 4 boundary sentence: the north and south of the peak belong to different boundaries. Ancient astronomers corresponded the positions of twelve stars in the sky with the counties on the ground, calling a place the dividing line of a star. ⑤ People: People and villages.

Appreciation and inspiration:

To appreciate this poem, we should first pay attention to the clues and order of the poem. Taking vagrancy as a clue, the author describes Zhong Nanshan in the order of time and space. The first couplet is a vision, which exaggerates the sublimity and vastness of Zhong Nanshan. It is nearly sky high, connected with mountains and ends at the Cape. Couplets are written in the mountains, and mysterious scenes are shrouded in clouds. The scene seen when the neck couplet came to Zhongfeng highlighted the infinite changes of the mountain height and scenery. The tail couplet wrote that climbing mountains and wandering back and forth made me want to find a place to spend the night. The clues are clear and distinct, and in just 40 words, we can see the grandeur of Zhong Nanshan.

Secondly, focus on appreciating the second couplet of poetry. This couplet describes the wonderful scene you saw when you entered Zhong Nanshan in an intertextual way. When the poet entered Zhong Nanshan, he looked ahead and there were white clouds everywhere. He can't see the road, and he can't see other scenery, as if he could float in the ocean of white clouds in a few more steps. However, moving forward, the white clouds continue to be divided into two sides, which is beyond our reach; Looking back, the white clouds on both sides closed again and merged into a vast sea of clouds. This wonderful realm will not be unfamiliar to anyone who has experience in traveling mountains, but who can show it so vividly in just five words except Wang Wei? The sentence "Fog disappeared when I entered them" and the previous sentence "Cloud, when I look back, is behind me" are intertextual, they are intertwined and complement each other. The poet walked out of the vast sea of clouds, and in front of him was a misty blue haze, as if he were moving forward and could touch the blue haze; However, when I walk in, I am not only invisible, but also invisible; Looking back, the green is closed again, hazy and long, but I can't reach it.

Shufen

Lu you

I don't know the difficulties in the world at an early age, and the Central Plains looks like a mountain.

On a snowy night, the boat crossed Guazhou, and the iron horse dispersed in the autumn wind.

Stuck on the Great Wall and make an empty promise, the sideburns in the mirror have long faded.

"Introduction" is a real name, and it can't compare with anyone in a thousand years.

A: Write about snow, autumn wind, the Great Wall with broken mountains and rivers, and moving south to love the country and worry about the country.

Translation:

When I was young, I didn't know that things were difficult. Looking north, the Central Plains spirit occupied by Jin people is like a mountain.

Appreciate that Liu Kun and others once defeated the Nomads from Guazhou Ferry with tall warships on a snowy night, and Wu Lin and others once defeated the Nomads from Guazhou Ferry in the autumn wind.

I think of myself as the great wall of the frontier for nothing, and my aging hair has turned gray in front of the mirror.

The article "A Model" is really world-famous. Who can be similar to Zhuge Liang for thousands of years?

Appreciate:

In the spring of 13th year (1 186), Lu traveled to his hometown. Lu you was sixty years old when he traveled, which is obviously not my age. However, the poet was exiled and had to stay idle in his hometown, thinking that the mountains and rivers were broken and the Central Plains had not been collected, and he felt that there was no battlefield to serve the country and die. He felt that the world was difficult, that the villain had lost his country, and that "the scholar was helpless and loyal to the minister", so the poet was depressed and resentful about generate. Those who are "angry with books" express oppression and anger in their chests.

"The national enemy did not hold the strong man old, and the sword in the box rang at night." When the hero is useless, he will return to the memory of Ma Tiejin Ge. At that time, the poet looked north at the Central Plains, and the heroic spirit of recovering lost land was like a mountain. How energetic! Did the poet ever think it would be so difficult to kill the enemy and serve the country? I thought that if I dedicated myself selflessly and served my country wholeheartedly, my country would be fulfilled by me. I didn't expect traitors to obstruct and destroy me and be deposed many times. At the beginning of the poem, the poet asked himself how depressed and angry he was.

The sentence "Story of the Building" describes Song Bing's resistance to the nomads from the southeast and northwest, and it is also a summary of the poet's past travels. In the thirty-first year of Shaoxing, Song Gaozong (1 16 1), Yan Hongliang, the gold owner, invaded the south, and Song Jun refused to defend it in Guazhou, and then the army of nomads retreated. This is what the last sentence refers to. In the eighth year of Ludao (1 172), Luyou attended the Wang shogunate in Nanzheng. The poet and Wang Yan actively planned to invade Chang 'an, once crossed the Wei River and passed the three passes with the Nomads Normal University. The next sentence refers to this. The glorious past summarized in these two sentences is in sharp contrast with the present situation of "intentional killing of thieves and inability to return to heaven". "I am afraid to wait for me and hate him for another year." Why does the poet cry when he wants to return to the Central Plains? From the perspective of poetic art, these two poems also show Lu You's great poetic talent. When the "building ship" (magnificent warship) is combined with the images of "night snow", "iron horse" and "autumn wind", it is two open and magnificent battlefield scrolls. Image selection is very clean and typical.

In the sentence "On the Great Wall", the poet uses allusions to express his ambition. Tan Daoji, a famous Liu and Song player in the Southern Dynasties, once called himself "the Great Wall of Wan Li". The emperor wanted to kill him. He said, "Destroy the Great Wall of Wan Li." Lu You made a promise to himself, which shows that he was magnificent when he was young, defending his country and showing sharp edges. Who else? However, what now? The poet's unfinished anguish hangs on a word "empty" Ambition failed, struggle failed, everything failed, but looking in the mirror, I was the first to fall, and my head was bald! Compared with the two, how sad is it? Think again, this ending is not caused by my disappointment, not by my failure to do my best, but by my mistakes and the world grinding me! I have a heart, God forbid. Sorrow is depression and anger.

Look at the tail link again. I also use code to express my ambitions. Zhuge insisted on the Northern Expedition. Although he was called "but he died before he conquered", he was finally known as "heroes cried on their coats from then on". After thousands of years, who can compare with it? Obviously, the poet's code deliberately belittles the mediocre villain in charge of the ruling and opposition parties, indicating that his ambition to restore the Central Plains will also be "famous in the world". The poet can't find comfort in reality, so he has to put his soul longing for comfort in the future, which is naturally helpless. The poet has to pour out his frustration when he is depressed.

Looking back at the whole poem, we can see that every sentence is full of energy, and every word is full of energy. Anger is a poem, and the poem is full of anger.

Li Shangyin's Jinse

I want to know why my Jinse has fifty strings, and each string has a youthful interval.

Zhuangzi daydreaming, a saint, was bewitched by butterflies, and cuckoo crowed in the imperial spring.

Mermaids shed pearl-like tears on the moon-green sea, and the blue fields breathed their jade to the sun.

A moment that should last forever has come and gone before I know it.

This poem "Jinse" is Li Shangyin's masterpiece, and everyone who loves poetry is happy and the most famous. However, this is the most difficult poem to explain. Since the Song and Yuan Dynasties, there have been many speculations.

"Saint Zhuangzi daydreaming, bewitched by butterflies, crowed by cuckoos. Mermaids shed pearl-like tears on the moon-green sea, and the blue fields breathe their jade to the sun. " Each of the four middle sentences uses an allusion. The third sentence uses the story of Zhuang Sheng dreaming of butterflies in Zhuangzi The Theory of Everything. Zhuang Sheng, the philosopher Zhuangzi in the Warring States Period, is said to have dreamed that he became a butterfly and flew freely, but he didn't recognize his own butterfly when he woke up. The fourth sentence uses the story of the cuckoo weeping for blood in Huayang Guozhi, hoping that the emperor, the ancient Shu monarch Du died in advance, and his soul became a cuckoo. Every spring, he cries until he bleeds. The fifth sentence uses the story of Jiao Ren (the mythical mermaid) in the Caspian Sea in natural history. Legend has it that pearls are made from Jiao Ren's tears in the sea. The Biography of De Renjie in the New Tang Dynasty uses "the pearl of the sea" as a metaphor for talent being buried. The sixth sentence comes from Gambao's Searching for God in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. According to legend, during the Spring and Autumn Period, Yu Zi, the youngest daughter of Fu Cha, the king of Wu, adored Han Zhong and wanted to marry him, but she failed, so she died of depression. When Han Zhong came back from studying abroad, he went to her grave to pay his respects. Suddenly, Yu Zi showed his true colors, gave a pearl to Han Zhong and sang for him. Han Feng wanted to hug her, but Yu Zi disappeared like smoke. In the Tang Dynasty, Dai Shulun described poetry as "the sky is warm in the daytime and jade is full of smoke" (see Si Kongtu's Book of Jipu). Each of the four allusions has an image, which implies the author's painful reflection on his love, career, ideal and pursuit in this life and present. Zhuangzi daydreaming, a saint, was bewitched by butterflies and aspired to be empty; The king emperor's longing for love is crying in cuckoo, and he is disillusioned. The exquisite Haizhu, which was originally a rare treasure, is now just a "pearl tear" reflected by the bright moon and abandoned in the sea alone; The goal one pursues is like the blue fields breathing their jade at the sun, which can be seen, but can't be placed before it is imminent.

Early summer seclusion

Lakes and mountains are my home, and willow trees are a path.

When the lake overflows, egrets fly in the air and frogs hum by the lake.

The new crop of bamboo shoots has matured, and the magnolia has just begun to blossom.

Alas, let bygones be bygones, who * * * will sleep in afternoon European tea.

[Note] The dragon is a bamboo shoot. Wooden pen, also known as magnolia. Both are common things in early summer.

The first sentence describes the location of the poet's home, the second describes his life path, the third describes what he saw, the fourth describes what he heard, the fifth and sixth sentences broaden his horizons and broaden his realm, and the last two sentences express his loneliness.

The first six sentences use the scenery of "seclusion in early summer" to express the feeling of freedom. The "sigh" in the couplet has two meanings: one is to sigh that people with lofty ideals are idle and have accomplished nothing in serving the country; The second is to lament that my old friends are gone, and I feel lonely and disappointed.

Poetry is closely related to the word "seclusion", which is manifested as follows: writing "seclusion" with scenery and defining "seclusion" with motion. Write the quiet environment and beautiful scenery in early summer with images such as "the lake and mountains are the best place", "the willow is dark and the flowers are bright", "the wild path is oblique", "the water is full" and "the grass is deep" It is very distinctive to use "Xia Lu" and "singing frog" to set off a quiet environment.

Another feature of this poem is that it is full of sadness and joy.

Du Fu's "Looking at Yue"

What a magnificent scenery Mount Tai is! Out of Qilu, green peaks can still be seen. The magical nature brings together thousands of beautiful mountains in the south and the separation between morning and dusk in the north.

Caiyun lave? My mind is free and easy, birds fly back and forth before my nervous eyes ... trying to climb to the top of the mountain: it dwarfs all the peaks under our feet.

There are three poems in Du Fu's Wang Yue, which are about Dongyue (Mount Tai), Nanyue (Hengshan) and Xiyue (Huashan). This song is about seeing Mount Tai in the East. In the 24th year of Kaiyuan (736), the 24-year-old poet began a wandering life of "chasing horses". This poem was written in Qi and Zhao (now Henan, Hebei, Shandong and other places) and is the earliest extant poem of Du Fu. Between the lines, Du Fu's youthful vigor is permeated.

There is not a word "Wang" in the whole poem, and every sentence is about seeing Yue. The distance is from far to near, and the time is from morning till night. Wang Yue thinks about the future and climbs to Yue.

The first sentence is "the grandeur of Mount Tai! ? When I first saw Mount Tai, I was so happy that I didn't know how to describe it. My admiration and admiration are very vivid. Dai is another name for Mount Tai. Being the first of the five mountains, he was honored as Daizong. "How is the husband", that is, what is it? In ancient Chinese, the word "fu" was usually used as a function word at the beginning of a sentence. It is a novelty to integrate it into poetry here. Although the word "husband" has no substantive meaning, it is indispensable. The so-called "vivid portrayal is being blocked."

"Endless green spans Qilu and Qilu" is the answer after some imitation, which is really amazing. It is neither abstractly saying that Mount Tai is high, nor using the general language of "Cui Bi pricks the sky" like Xie Lingyun's "Ode to Mount Tai", but it has written its own experience in an ingenious way-besides the two great countries of ancient Qilu, Mount Tai can still be seen from a distance, and the height of Mount Tai is set off by distance. Mount Tai is the land in the south and the Qi in the north, so this sentence describes the geographical characteristics and cannot be misappropriated when writing about other mountains. In the Ming Dynasty, Mo Ruzhong's poem "Wang Yuelou in Dengdong County" said: "Qilu is not yet a teenager. Who will inherit Ling Du in the poem? " He put forward this poem in particular, and it makes sense that no one can succeed.

The phrase "the creator has given all mysterious natural grace here, and? The day immediately enters dawn and dusk. " It describes the magical beauty and lofty image of Mount Tai seen from a close look, which is the footnote of the last sentence "unfinished youth". The word "zhong" is naturally affectionate. Xiangyang in front of the mountain is "Yang" and Xiangyang behind the mountain is "Yin". Because of the height of the mountain, the dusk in the sky is judged to be cut on both sides of the mountain, so it is called "cutting dusk" "Qie" is a very common word, but it is really a "strange adventure" to use it here. It can be seen that the poet Du Fu's writing style of "language is not surprising and never stops" was developed in his youth.

"Clouds Wangfu? My mind is free and easy, and birds fly back and forth in front of my nervous eyes. " In two words, it is to write a beautiful hope. Seeing the endless clouds in the mountains, my heart is also rippling; Because I stared at it for a long time, I felt as if my eyes were going to break. A homing bird refers to a bird that has returned to its nest in the forest. It is already dusk, and the poet is still in sight. It goes without saying that it contains the poet's love for the motherland.

"Once you climb to the top of the mountain, you will see that all the other mountains look short under the sky." These last two sentences are about the desire to climb Yue arising from looking at Yue. "Hui" is a spoken language in the Tang Dynasty, which means "must". For example, Wang Bo's "Ode to Spring": "It must be a dusty thing, covering the Spring Bamboo Pavilion." Sometimes the word "Hui" is used alone, such as Sun Guangxian's "North Dream": "I will kill this homo erectus one day!" In other words, there are often single users in Du Fu's poems, such as "Old Shu in this life, Qin after death!" It is inaccurate and arrogant to interpret "will" as "should".

From these two inspiring and symbolic poems, we can see the ambition and spirit of the poet Du Fu who is not afraid of difficulties, dares to climb to the top and overlooks everything. This is the key for Du Fu to become a great poet, and it is also indispensable for all those who make a difference. This is why these two poems have been told by people for thousands of years and can still arouse our strong * * *. In Qing Dynasty, Pu Yin Long thought that Du Fu's poems "put righteousness first" and said that "Du Fu's soul is beautiful and impressive. Take it as a volume and make it a town. " (Reading Jie) also emphasized the symbolic significance of these two poems. This is exactly the same as Du Fu's "comparing himself with Qi Guo" in politics and "frustrated in Lei Jia and short-sighted in Cao Liu wall" in creation. This poem was praised as a "swan song" by later generations, carved stone as a monument and stood at the foot of the mountain. Undoubtedly, it will be immortal with Mount Tai.

, "Liuzhi Ci"

Pavilion painting is a spring pool,

Until the pedestrians are half drunk.

With or without smoke and rain,

I hate Jiangnan.

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The title of Liu Zhi Ci was added by later generations. In ancient times, there was a custom of breaking willows to bid farewell, so writing willows was often associated with farewell. Liu Yuxi's Liu Zhi Ci said: "Chang 'an is devoted to infinite trees, only hanging Yang Wan leaves. "

The word "iron" in the first sentence of the poem contains willows. Volume 17 of Zhu Zhuang's Poetry Talk quotes the words in Poetry Talk: "There is no word' Liu' at the end of the text, and the only word' Xi' is Kung Fu, which is what scholars think." In fact, the center of this poem is not to chant willow, but to chant farewell.

How to write intangible feelings intuitively and sensibly, the conception of this poem is commendable in three aspects:

First, the word "in" in the fourth sentence turns the abstract special feelings into tangible things that can be carried, and at the same time shows the heaviness of special feelings. This kind of visualization was often imitated by poets later. For example, Zhou Bangyan used it in his "Wei Chi Cup": "Painting Ge mercilessly, regardless of the smoke and waves, separating Nanpu. Waiting for pedestrians, drunk, will leave hate. "

The second is empathy for things. Wu Qiao, a poet in A Qing, said, "People are separated from each other and hate painting Ge". It seems that this heartless painter, after a period of unbearable silence, only waited for pedestrians to board the boat, and then took people to Jiangnan without hesitation. Human feelings are helpless, complaining about others, so the feelings are profound.

Thirdly, as Chen Yan, a poet in A Qing, said in The Essence of Song Poetry, "The first sentence of this poem is rice, and the last three sentences are connected in one breath, which is absolutely physical." Four-character poems are usually divided into two sections, with a turning point between the first two sentences and the last two. But this poem makes us feel that parting is simple, the boat is sailing fast, and it doesn't make people feel the slightest sadness, effectively setting off a strong sense of resentment.

Quatrain

Shi Rou

It turns yellow when it comes, and flies all over the road when it leaves.

I am more adrift than Huayang. He is busy all spring.

Note: Rou Shi, a native of Song Dynasty, was a professor in Mizhou, who lived far away from his hometown all his life.

Pale yellow = = pale yellow flying ball = = poplar seeds

(1) On the occasion of floating flowers, the poet expressed his feelings of unstable life because he left home and embarked on a career. Or express the poet's helplessness and homesickness through the flowers floating in the last spring. The point is to travel and leave love, which means the same thing. )

(1) the poet borrow things (scene) lyric, borrow things to express their feelings. Borrowing flowers to float in the wind, unable to decide, is a metaphor for leaving one's hometown and official career. It is appropriate and touching to integrate the sadness of travel into the specific image.

② Comparison and contrast: The contrast between "coming to Japan" and "going to Japan" highlights the short stay and the hard work of running around, while the contrast between Huayang's "busy spring" and my "wandering more" is even more touching.

3 Synaesthesia: Color is insignificant, but it can produce a sense of weight in people's minds. Strong colors can make people feel heavy. Yang Shuhua's yellow is very light, which makes people feel "light". The poet uses synaesthesia to describe the visual feeling with touch, which highlights Huayang's helplessness when he is floating in the wind. Or answer: the "yellow" here is a substitute for Huayang. Huayang floats with the spring breeze, giving people a light feeling. A word "light" can reflect this feeling.

I am more erratic than Huayang drifting in the wind. Huayang's flight is messy, only busy for a spring.

[Appreciation] "Huayang", a poplar seed, has hair on its surface and looks like catkin. The ancients often said that Yang and Liu are common, such as Si Kongtu's "Late Spring to Liu": "Worry is Yang Hua, and the curtain is also full." In classical poetry, it is used to express some melancholy. For example, Yang Baihua, written by Hu Taihou in the Northern Wei Dynasty, is "unable to leave his hometown, looking for Huayang in tears", and Yang Huayun, written by Su Shi, is "like a flower that is not a flower, no one regrets leaving his hometown, but he is ruthless and thoughtful". The poet not only compared his immigration career with the "floating" Huayang, but also surpassed the traditional model. He wants to compare himself with Huayang in structure to a certain extent and step by step, so that the homesickness suppressed in his heart is particularly moving by paying attention to comparison, thus achieving a lyrical effect that is difficult to obtain from a positive perspective. The second sentence, the whole poem is collected point by point. As for why "Huayang is just busy in spring", there is nothing to say after that. The author intends to leave a space for people to guess.

Topic Lin' andi

original text

When will the singing and dancing in the West Lake stop?

Warm wind makes tourists drunk and makes Hangzhou a continent!

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This is a poem written on the wall of a hotel in Lin 'an. This is a political satire.

In AD 1 126, the Jin people captured Bianliang, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, and captured two emperors, Huizong and Qinzong. The territory of the Central Plains was completely occupied by the Jin people. Zhao Gou fled to the south of the Yangtze River and ascended the throne in Lin 'an, which is known as the Southern Song Dynasty. Instead of accepting the painful lesson of national subjugation in the Northern Song Dynasty, the small court in the Southern Song Dynasty became angry from embarrassment and tried to strengthen itself. The rulers did not want to recover the lost land in the Central Plains, but begged for peace, surrendered to the outside world, and brutally persecuted Yue Fei and other patriots at home. Politically corrupt and incompetent, dignitaries indulge in debauchery and pleasure. This poem is written for this dark reality. It pours out the indignation pent up in the hearts of the broad masses of people, and also expresses the poet's deep concern for the fate of the country and the nation.

The first two sentences of the poem are "When will the West Lake stop singing and dancing?" Seize the characteristics of Lin 'an City: overlapping green hills, rows of terraces, endless lights and songs and dances, and write down a false picture of prosperity and peace in that year. The poet touched the scene and couldn't help but sigh: "When will the West Lake Dance stop?" When will these lewd songs and dances by Xizi Lake, which kill people's fighting spirit against gold, stop?

The last two sentences, "Warm wind makes tourists drunk and makes Hangzhou a continent", are the poet's further expression of his feelings. The word "warm wind" is a pun, which refers to both the spring breeze in nature and the lewd wind in society. It is this "warm wind" that blows people's minds like they are drunk. "Tourists" cannot be understood as ordinary tourists. It means that the ruling class in the Southern Song Dynasty forgot the national disaster, lived a quiet life and had fun. The words "smoked" and "drunk" in the poem are used very skillfully, vividly depicting the mental state of those dignitaries who indulge in debauchery and ruin the country and the people. At the end, "directly treating Hangzhou as Bianzhou" is a direct rebuke to the Southern Song authorities for forgetting national hatred and family feuds and treating Hangzhou as the old capital Bianzhou. Bitter satire contains great anger and endless worries.

This poem is cleverly conceived and phrased: cynicism is written from a lively scene; Extremely indignant, but not abusive. It is indeed a masterpiece in fable poetry.

Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night

Du Fu (Tang Dynasty)

Good rain knows the season, when spring comes.

Sneak into the night with the wind, moisten things silently.

The wild path is dark, and the river is bright.

Look at the red and wet place, the flowers in Jinguancheng are heavy.

With the arrival of rain and solar terms, snowflakes fly, cold air weather gradually disappears, while spring breeze blows, ice and snow melt, and humid air, mild sunshine and rustling drizzle come to us.

◆ "Good rain knows the season, when spring happens."

This is a masterpiece that depicts the rainy scene on a spring night and shows joy. Praise "rain" with a "good" word from the beginning. The poet vividly described that spring is the season when everything germinates and grows. This spring rain is accompanied by a gentle wind. When night falls, it comes quietly, silently and carefully, nourishing everything. The poet personified the rain and said it seemed to know the solar terms. When everything germinated and needed rain, it began to rain. How nice!

◆ "Sneak into the night with the wind and moisten things silently."

Rain is "good" not only because it is timely, but also because it "moistens things silently". Spring rain, usually accompanied by a breeze, carefully moistens everything. At this point, the word "good" has been implemented. "Sneak into the night with the wind and moisten things silently." This is still anthropomorphic. The combination of "sneaking into the night" and "silence" not only shows that rain is a drizzle accompanied by a breeze, but also shows that rain is intended to "moisten things quietly" Dont Ask For Help knew that when people were sleeping at night, it floated softly and quietly.

◆ "Wild trails and clouds are all black, and rivers and boats are bright."

The author was too happy to sleep. Looking from the window, he can't see the river and the path. The sky is covered with dark clouds, and only the lights on the ship are on. It looks certain that it will rain until dawn.

◆ "Xiao looks at the red and wet place, and Jinguan City is heavy."

Seeing the heavy rain, the author can't help but imagine the beautiful spring scenery in the city after dawn. There was a good rain last night, and everything was wet. Go and have a look early tomorrow morning! The whole Jinguan City (Chengdu) will merge into a sea of flowers.

How vivid the author's infinite joy is! But the word "hi" in the title does not appear in the poem, but between the lines, full of the poet's joy.