How to manage asparagus in planting?

Asparagus belongs to Liliaceae, and asparagus is a perennial herb. Its growth period can reach more than 15 years, and its harvest period is about 10 years. Asparagus will break out in early spring. It looks like a reed stem and looks like a bamboo shoot. Asparagus belongs to dioecious plants. Whether in cold regions or temperate regions, the aboveground parts of asparagus die at the end of autumn every year, and the underground parts will continue to grow after hibernation. In the next spring, the scale buds on the underground stems will give birth to tender stems, which are asparagus that we often eat. Its planting management technology is as follows:

First, land selection and land preparation are carried out.

1, planting site selection and soil preparation

Because asparagus is a perennial crop, once planted, it will be harvested continuously for 10 ~ 15 years. Therefore, in the choice of planting sites, we must choose loam with fertile soil, low groundwater level and good water and fertilizer conservation ability or loam with sandpaper. One thing must be noted, asparagus should not be planted in mulberry fields, orchards and woodlands. In addition, if the soil is too sandy, its water and fertilizer conservation performance is poor. At this time, the tender stems of asparagus have not yet grown out of the ground, and the color of asparagus buds has changed, so the sandy soil is not suitable for planting asparagus. Asparagus is drought-tolerant, waterlogging-tolerant and most afraid of water accumulation. Therefore, the plots with high groundwater level and easy to accumulate water are not suitable for planting asparagus.

When ploughing and leveling the land, please note that the row spacing of white asparagus is 1.8m, that of green asparagus is 1.4m, and dig a planting ditch with a width of 0.4m and a depth of 0.4 ~ 0.5m. When digging ditches, the raw and cooked soil should be separated, and when backfilling, the cooked soil should be placed at the bottom first, which is beneficial to the development of asparagus root system. It is suggested that 3000 ~ 5000 kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer and 50 kg of NPK compound fertilizer should be applied to each mu of land and put into the ditch. At this time, instead of filling the planting ditch, it can be filled to a height of 5-7 cm lower than the ground, and then irrigated, and then slowly filled high, so that the ridge surface between the two ditches becomes a small arch with a high middle and low sides. Then, with the continuous growth of asparagus seedlings, the soil on the ridge surface is gradually filled back into the planting ditch, and finally a soil ridge with a height of about 0. 1 m higher than the original ground is formed.

2. Selection and preparation of nursery land

When raising seedlings, loam or sandy loam with loose and fertile soil and good air permeability should be selected to avoid pests and diseases. The previous crop should not be woodland or onion and garlic, and it should not belong to the same family and genus as asparagus. At the same time, irrigation and drainage are also better. At this time, it is suggested that 3000 ~ 5000 kg of base fertilizer should be applied to each mu of land and the ploughing depth should be 30 cm. It is required to mix soil and fertilizer evenly, and then prepare the soil. After leveling, it is suggested that the boundary should be10 ~15m long and1.2m wide.

Second, the propagation method of asparagus

Asparagus can be divided into plants and propagated by seeds. If the method of dividing plants is adopted, its yield and quality are not as good as sowing and breeding. Asparagus is mainly propagated by seeds, which can be transplanted or directly broadcast. However, direct seeding also has the disadvantage that plants can't grow directionally according to the requirements of cultivation techniques, which will bring inconvenience to ridge planting and asparagus picking in the future. Seedling transplanting has high emergence rate, convenient management and directional planting, which is convenient for ridging and picking asparagus in the future.

The method of asparagus seedling:

1, raising seedlings in small arch shed

In order to prolong the annual growth period of asparagus, it is suggested that the seedling raising time in small arch shed can be carried out in early March. The amount of seeds for planting asparagus per mu is: 50g of white asparagus, 20m2 of nursery, 75g of green asparagus and 30m2 of nursery.

(1) soaking seeds to accelerate germination

Because the epidermis of asparagus seeds is hard, it is necessary to accelerate germination before sowing. The method of accelerating germination is as follows: firstly, wash the seeds with clear water to remove chaff and moth-eaten, then soak them in 300 times solution of 50% carbendazim 12 hours, after disinfection, soak them in warm water at 30 ~ 50℃ for 48 hours, and pay attention to changing the water 1 ~ times every day during soaking. At this time, the seeds are filtered out, put in a pot, covered with a wet cloth, and then placed in an environment of 25 ~ 28℃ to accelerate germination. Be careful to wash it with clean water twice a day. When it is observed that about 65438 00% of the seed radicle is exposed, sowing can be carried out.

(2) the method of sowing

Before sowing asparagus, you should fill the edges with water. I suggest you draw a line according to the spacing of 10 cm, and sow the germinated seeds in the middle of the square. After sowing, the soil is evenly screened on the border with a fine screen, and the covering thickness is 2 ~ 3.

After sowing, the shed should be covered with plastic film immediately. The arch height should be 0.5 ~ 0.8m, and the temperature in the shed should be controlled at 25 ~ 30℃ during the day and at 15 ~ 18℃ at night. After all the seedlings are planted, if the temperature in the shed exceeds 32℃, the seedlings should be ventilated at noon and slowly removed.

Step 2 raise seedlings in the open space

Raising seedlings in the open field is relatively simple and labor-saving and material-saving. The specific method is: directly sow the germinated seeds into the ground. If it is in the south, seedlings can be raised in spring, summer and autumn. If it is in the north, in order to prevent frost, after the solar term in Grain Rain, the ground temperature can be stabilized above 15℃ before seedlings can be raised. The seedling raising method and seedling management are the same as those in the small arch shed. Although raising seedlings in the open field is simple, it can't be planted in the same year.

Third, the planting method of asparagus

In early spring, when there are more than three stems on the ground of seedlings cultivated in small arch shed, they can be planted directionally in late May. If the seedlings are raised in the open field, they can be sown in the autumn of the current year or the spring of the following year according to the seedling situation. When sowing seedlings, the number of stems on the ground should be more than 3, and clods should be carried with you. This kind of seedling is easy to carry soil when digging, with little root damage, high survival rate, fast seedling delay and good growth potential.

In the middle of the arranged planting ditch, it is suggested that the hole should be dug by 0.3 meters, and the directional planting should be carried out according to the growth and development direction of asparagus seedlings based on the size of the hole trunk. If the north-south ditch has been used for planting, the aboveground stems, that is, shorter and thinner stems, extracted at 1 should be placed in the north, and absolutely not allowed to be placed on both sides of the ditch. If you have been planting in an east-west ditch, the aboveground stems extracted at 1 time should be placed in the east or west of the ditch, and the directions must be the same. After planting, cover with soil for 4 ~ 5cm.

Fourth, the field management of asparagus

1, year of asparagus colonization

Asparagus should be inspected and replanted within 1 month after replanting, and the soles of feet should be watered to ensure the survival of replanting. After replanting, seedlings should be replanted directionally. After planting, intertillage weeding should be carried out in time. At this time, appropriate urea should be applied according to the emergence of asparagus. After August, asparagus entered the vigorous growth season in autumn. Autumn fertilizer should be applied again at this stage. Generally speaking, ditching should be carried out at a distance of 40 cm from the plant. Apply 30,000 ~ 45,000 kg of organic fertilizer, 750 kg of compound fertilizer and 0/50 kg of urea/kloc per hectare, and pay attention to pest control. Asparagus begins to wither on the ground after winter, and the nutrients in its plants will be transferred to the underground roots. Attention should be paid to thoroughly cleaning the plants on the ground in late winter and early spring, which can reduce the source of the disease.

2. Asparagus will be planted for 2 years, and then the year of bamboo shoot picking.

The key point of management at this stage is to do scientific operation and timely work. Scientific operation means that it must be reasonable. The three fertilizers are germination accelerating fertilizer, strong bamboo shoot fertilizer and autumn fertilizer. The most basic way is to combine ploughing with ridge fields in March and apply fertilizer to accelerate germination. Suggest 750 kilograms of special fertilizer for asparagus per hectare? Strong bamboo shoot fertilizer should be applied in the first half of June, and it is suggested that urea 150 ~ 225 kg should be applied per hectare, which can prolong the bamboo shoot picking period and increase the bamboo shoot harvest in the middle and late stages. In the first half of August, after bamboo shoots are picked, autumn fertilizer should be applied again, together with filling and ridge leveling to promote the health and autumn growth of asparagus. This is to accumulate nutrition for high quality and high yield in the coming year and cultivate more and stronger scale buds.

3, timely flood control and drainage

Asparagus is drought-resistant and waterlogging-resistant, and the most feared thing is water accumulation. Because it is hot and rainy in summer, we must pay attention to drainage when planting asparagus to prevent the water in asparagus planting area from rotting roots after rain. Before the rainy season comes, the bamboo ridge must be raised by about 0. 1 m to make it into an arch with middle, low and high ridges. The drainage ditch must be dug in advance to facilitate drainage at any time.

Five, asparagus pest control

Asparagus stem blight and brown spot are the main diseases that harm asparagus, and agricultural measures are mainly used to control them:

Pick your heart at the right time to prevent lodging. Clean up the countryside in time. It is suggested that the mother stem should be left to pick bamboo shoots, which can prolong the bamboo shoot picking period. Rational fertilization, increase the application of organic fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and properly control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer. We must seize the opportunity to prevent and control chemicals reasonably. Mainly Bordeaux mixture, carbendazim, mancozeb and so on. Alternate use and spraying. Sixth, scientific harvesting.

Asparagus is usually harvested in the second year after planting and can be harvested twice a year. Note that the time of 1 is from April to June, and the second time is September. Before harvesting, it is necessary to apply diammonium phosphate 10 ~ 15 kg in combination with watering, and harvest at 8 ~ 10 every morning, and pay attention to the fact that the harvesting period of asparagus should not exceed 30 days in the early harvest year, so that the plants can fully accumulate nutrients and ensure the next annual output. With the increase of asparagus plant age, the harvesting period is gradually extended to about 70 days.