Encyclopedia knowledge of spring

I won't answer if I don't understand, but look at your high level. Is this how you make garbage?

Then I'll give you a name for spring, summer, autumn and winter.

-

At present, the calendars adopted in the world are mostly solar calendars, but people in China use the lunar calendar whenever it is convenient. The judgment of "lunar calendar" can be said to be the crystallization of the wisdom of our ancestors.

In the Spring and Autumn Period, people at that time already had the concept of four seasons. After entering the Warring States Period, Wei Renshi Shen compiled the world's first catalogue including the running relationship between 28 stars and five stars, and China astronomy entered a new era.

In order to fully explain the change of seasonal climate, astronomers at that time formulated "the tenth five-year plan is a festival, and it has changed at twenty-four o'clock", hence the name of twenty-four solar terms.

In the book Huai Nan Zi, the names and order of 24 solar terms are listed in detail: winter solstice, slight cold, severe cold, beginning of spring, rain, fright, vernal equinox, Qingming, rain, long summer, xiaoman, Miscanthus, summer solstice, slight summer heat, great summer heat, beginning of autumn, summer heat, Millennium, autumn equinox and so on. The 24 solar terms are completely divided into spring, summer, autumn and winter, which clearly points out the climate change, rainfall and frost period. After thousands of years, it is still the "agricultural calendar" that farmers attach great importance to, which is also commonly known as the lunar calendar.

The solar calendar is based on the time required for the earth to go around the sun once, and one * * * is 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes and 46 seconds. For the convenience of use, we take 365 days as a year, and there is a leap February every four years, increasing the original February of 28 days to 29 days.

The lunar calendar is based on the moon's profit and loss cycle, which is about 29 days 12 hours, 44 minutes and 4 seconds. So the big moon has 30 days and the small moon has 29 days. The real lunar calendar has only 354 days a year, less than the solar calendar 1 1 day. In order to make it conform to the cycle of hot and cold weather changes, one month is added every two or three years, which is called "leap month". Therefore, in ancient China, there was a "March"

After the "Year", ancient astronomers divided the year into four stages: vernal equinox, summer solstice, autumnal equinox and winter solstice, and then divided each stage into three small segments, each of which was about fifteen days, so there were twenty-four small segments throughout the year, resulting in twenty-four solar terms.

In order to facilitate memory, people in ancient times compiled a ballad about the 24 solar terms: "Spring rain shakes the clear sky in spring, and summer is full of mountains and summer is connected;" Autumn, autumn frost, winter snow, winter cold; The rainy festival is arranged every day, and the main day is not bad for two days. 」

A year is divided into four seasons: spring, summer, autumn and winter. The causes of the four seasons and the distance between the earth and the sun have little to do with the hot and cold climate. The formation of the four seasons is mainly due to the oblique intersection of the equator and the ecliptic (the path taken by the sun as seen on the earth). When the earth moves, its axis remains the same in the direction of space. In winter, the sun shines obliquely on the ground, and each unit area on the ground is less heated. In addition, the daytime is short, and the time for receiving sunlight every day is short, that is, the heating time is short. Then because of the atmosphere around the earth, it absorbs some light and heat. When light is irradiated, the thicker it passes through the atmosphere, the more it is absorbed, resulting in cold in winter. In summer, the sun shines directly on the ground, the days are long and the light passes through the atmosphere very thin, so the climate is hot. In the spring and autumn rainy season, it lives between winter and summer, so the climate is mild.

Spring, summer, autumn and winter are all produced by the earth.

Rotating around the sun, sunlight and heat directly shine on the surface of the earth.

The result of different angles in each area.

This month, for example, sunlight and heat hit the area in a biased way.

The area south of the equator is usually called the southern hemisphere.

With the daily, monthly and annual revolution of the earth, the angle at which the sun shines on the earth.

It will change all the time, and it should move slowly to the northern hemisphere from now on.

So at present, most parts of the northern hemisphere are slowly changing from winter to spring.

On the other hand, in the southern hemisphere, the situation is that summer gradually becomes autumn.

Due to the different angles at which the sun shines directly on the earth's surface, light energy and heat energy are also different.

It will vary from region to region due to different irradiation angles.

In other words, even in the northern hemisphere, the higher the latitude.

Energy Street receives less sunlight and heat than low latitudes.

This is also the reason why the temperature and climate vary from day to night.

The solstice of winter, as the name implies, is winter.

Earth science means that this day of the year is the shortest day of sunshine in the northern hemisphere.

That is, the sun shines on most parts of the southern hemisphere.

So the sunshine time in the northern hemisphere is the shortest.

So it has nothing to do with the lunar calendar.

After this day, the angle of the earth's revolution around the sun will slowly move to the northern hemisphere.

Climate and sunshine time will be more and more, which is the principle of spring, summer, autumn and winter.

Every year from September to June165438+1October, the sun's track position seen on the ground is roughly above the equator, and it changes to the southern hemisphere day by day. For the northern hemisphere, this period is "autumn" and the southern hemisphere is "spring".